Coat and hair color: hair cortisol and serotonin levels in lactating Holstein cows under heat stress conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalil Ghassemi Nejad ◽  
Byong-Wan Kim ◽  
Bae-Hun Lee ◽  
Kyung-Il Sung
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Hair Color ◽  
Hair Cortisol

scholarly journals Impacts of vitamin C and E injections on ovarian structures and fertility in Holstein cows under heat stress conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 345-350
Author(s):  
Juan GOZALEZ-MALDONADO ◽  
Raymundo RANGEL-SANTOS ◽  
Raymundo RODRIGUEZ-DE LARA ◽  
Gustavo RAMIREZ-VALVERDE
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Holstein Cows

Effect of cooling Holstein cows during the dry period on postpartum performance under heat stress conditions

2006 ◽  
Vol 105 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 198-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Avendaño-Reyes ◽  
F.D. Alvarez-Valenzuela ◽  
A. Correa-Calderón ◽  
J.S. Saucedo-Quintero ◽  
P.H. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Postpartum Performance

scholarly journals Supplementing an immunomodulatory feed ingredient to improve thermoregulation and performance of finishing beef cattle under heat stress conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 4085-4092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo A Colombo ◽  
Reinaldo F Cooke ◽  
Allison A Millican ◽  
Kelsey M Schubach ◽  
Giovanna N Scatolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Hair Cortisol ◽  
Feed Ingredient ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Finishing Beef Cattle

Abstract This experiment compared physiological and productive responses in finishing beef cattle managed under heat stress conditions, and supplemented (SUPP) or not (CON) with an immunomodulatory feed ingredient (Omnigen-AF; Phibro Animal Health, Teaneck, NJ). Crossbred yearling cattle (¾ Bos taurus × ¼ Bos indicus; 64 heifers and 64 steers) were ranked by initial body weight (BW) (440 ± 3 kg) and sex, and allocated to 1 of 16 unshaded drylot pens (8 heifers or steers/pen). Pens within sex were randomly assigned to receive SUPP or CON (n = 8/treatment). Cattle received a total-mixed ration (91% concentrate inclusion and 1.21 Mcal/kg of net energy for gain; dry matter [DM basis]) during the experiment (day 0 to 106). The immunomodulatory feed was offered as a top-dress to SUPP pens (56 g/d per animal; as-fed basis) beginning on day 7. Cattle BW were recorded on day 0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, and 106. Feed intake was evaluated from each pen by recording feed offer daily and refusals biweekly. Intravaginal temperature of heifers was recorded hourly from day 1 to 6, 29 to 41, and 85 to 97. Environmental temperature humidity index (THI) was also recorded hourly throughout the experiment, and averaged 79.8 ± 0.6. Concurrently with BW assessment, hair samples from the tail-switch were collected (3 animals/pen) for analysis of hair cortisol concentrations. Blood samples were collected on day 0, 28, 56, 84, and 106 from all animals for plasma extraction. Whole blood was collected on day 0, 56, and 106 (3 animals/pen) for analysis of heat shock protein (HSP) 70 and HSP72 mRNA expression. Cattle were slaughtered on day 107 at a commercial packing facility. Results obtained prior to day 7 served as independent covariate for each respective analysis. Heifers receiving SUPP had less (P ≤ 0.05) vaginal temperature from 1500 to 1900 h across sampling days (treatment × hour, P < 0.01; 39.05 vs. 39.19 °C, respectively; SEM = 0.04), when THI ranged from 85.3 to 90.1. Expression of HSP70 and HSP72 was less (P ≥ 0.03) for SUPP cattle on day 106 (22.6- vs. 51.5-fold effect for HSP70, SEM = 9.7, and 11.0- vs. 32.8-fold effect for HSP72; treatment × day, P ≤ 0.04). No treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.22) for performance, carcass traits, plasma concentrations of cortisol and haptoglobin, or hair cortisol concentrations. Results from this study suggest that SUPP ameliorated hyperthermia in finishing cattle exposed to heat stress conditions, but such benefit was not sufficient to improve productive responses.

scholarly journals Analysis of circulating-microRNA expression in lactating Holstein cows under summer heat stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihwan Lee ◽  
Suhyun Lee ◽  
Junkyu Son ◽  
Hyeonju Lim ◽  
Euntae Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Small Rna Sequencing ◽  
Circulating Microrna ◽  
Differentially Expressed Mirnas

AbstractKorean peninsular weather is rapidly becoming subtropical due to global warming. In summer 2018, South Korea experienced the highest temperatures since the meteorological observations recorded in 1907. Heat stress has a negative effect on Holstein cows, the most popular breed of dairy cattle in South Korea, which is susceptible to heat. To examine physiological changes in dairy cows under heat stress conditions, we analyzed the profiles circulating microRNAs isolated from whole blood samples collected under heat stress and non-heat stress conditions using small RNA sequencing. We compared the expression profiles in lactating cows under heat stress and non-heat stress conditions to understand the regulation of biological processes in heat-stressed cows. Moreover, we measured several heat stress indicators, such as rectal temperature, milk yield, average daily gain, and progesterone concentration. All these assessments showed that pregnant cows were more susceptible to heat stress than non-pregnant cows. Particularly, progesterone concentrations known to have maternal warming effects were at similar levels in non-pregnant cows but significantly increased in pregnant cows under heat stress conditions. The differentially expressed miRNAs and their putative target genes were analyzed in pregnant cows. Interestingly, we found that differentially expressed miRNAs (bta-miR-146b, bta-miR-20b, bta-miR-29d-3p, bta-miR-1246) specifically targeted progesterone biosynthesis (StAR) and the function of corpus luteum-related genes (CCL11, XCL), suggesting that pregnant cows with elevated progesterone concentrations are more susceptible to heat stress. In addition, we found the differential expression of 11 miRNAs (bta-miR-19a, bta-miR-19b, bta-miR-30a-5p, and several from the bta-miR-2284 family) in both pregnant and non-pregnant cows under heat stress conditions. In target gene prediction and gene set enrichment analysis, these miRNAs were found to be associated with the cytoskeleton, cell junction, vasculogenesis, cell proliferation, ATP synthesis, oxidative stress, and immune responses involved in heat response. These miRNAs can be used as potential biomarkers for heat stress.

scholarly journals Differential Dynamics of the Ruminal Microbiome of Jersey Cows in a Heat Stress Environment

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1127
Author(s):  
Dong-Hyeon Kim ◽  
Myung-Hoo Kim ◽  
Sang-Bum Kim ◽  
Jun-Kyu Son ◽  
Ji-Hwan Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Differential Heat ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Rumen Microbiome ◽  
Heat Stress Resistance ◽  
Functional Gene Abundance ◽  
Jersey Cows

The microbial community within the rumen can be changed and shaped by heat stress. Accumulating data have suggested that different breeds of dairy cows have differential heat stress resistance; however, the underlying mechanism by which nonanimal factors contribute to heat stress are yet to be understood. This study is designed to determine changes in the rumen microbiome of Holstein and Jersey cows to normal and heat stress conditions. Under heat stress conditions, Holstein cows had a significantly higher respiration rate than Jersey cows. Heat stress increased the rectal temperature of Holstein but not Jersey cows. In the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, Jersey cows had a significantly higher proportion of genes associated with energy metabolism in the normal condition than that with other treatments. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) results identified six taxa as distinguishing taxa between normal and heat stress conditions in Holstein cows; in Jersey cows, 29 such taxa were identified. Changes in the rumen bacterial taxa were more sensitive to heat stress in Jersey cows than in Holstein cows, suggesting that the rumen mechanism is different in both breeds in adapting to heat stress. Collectively, distinct changes in rumen bacterial taxa and functional gene abundance in Jersey cows may be associated with better adaptation ability to heat stress.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters and breeding values for daily milk production of Holstein cows in terms of heat stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-209
Author(s):  
Goran Vučković ◽  
Tina Bobić ◽  
Vesna Gantner ◽  
Vladan Bogdanović ◽  
Klemen Potočnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Daily Milk

In order to estimate the variance components as well as the breeding value for daily milk production of Holstein cows in terms of heat stress defined as different THI threshold values (68, 70, and 72) 1,275,713 test-day records from 90,159 cows were used. Temperature-humidity index (THI) calculated from ambient temperature and relative humidity recorded in the barns on the milk recording day was used as the measure of heat stress. Daily milk production was analysed as a bivariate variable, in the normal conditions (under the set THIthreshold value), and in terms of heat stress (above the set THIthreshold value) using a model that accounted variances due to lactation stage, calving season, age at calving, breeding region, parity, permanent environment, interaction between hear and year, and individual animal. The estimated high genetic correlations between the daily milk production in normal and heat stress conditions, as well as high correlations among the EBVs in normal and heat stress conditions, point out that Holstein cows with high productivity in normal condition will sustain an alike level of production even in terms of heat stress. These results indicate that the Holstein cows are very well acclimatized to the environmental conditions at dairy farms in Croatia. However, these findings should be taken with caution, given that measurements of microclimate parameters were conducted only once at a milk recording day, so the reliability of such measurements could be questionable. In conclusion, in order to realize a completely unambiguous conclusion, further studies that include multiple daily measurements of microclimatic parameters in the farms facilities are necessary.

scholarly journals Determination of the Effect of Daily Production Level of Primiparous Holstein Cows on Response to Heat Stress Conditions (THI Threshold) in Eastern Croatia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Jožef ◽  
Maja Gregić ◽  
Tina Bobić ◽  
Božo Važić ◽  
Vesna Gantner
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Production Level ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

The goal of this paper was to determine the effect of daily production level of primiparous Holstein cows kept on dairy cattle farms in Eastern Croatia on response to heat stress conditions (THI threshold). With that purpose, individual test-day records with data on ambient temperature and relative humidity in the barns were analysed. Data were collected in regular milk recording from 2006-2012. The THI threshold values for daily milk yield were determined by least square analyses of variance for each given THI value (from 68 to 72) using the PROC MIXED (SAS). Low producing cows experienced significant drop at THI=68, while in high producing primiparous Holsteins first significant drop in daily milk yield was observed when THI=69. Also, the amount of daily production drop depended on cow’s production level (0.155-0.256 kg/day in high producing; 0.319-0.460 kg/day in low producing). It could be concluded that the response of primiparous Holstein cows kept in Eastern Croatia to heat stress conditions depends on daily production level.

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