scholarly journals Owner-Related Reasons Matter more than Behavioural Problems—A Study of Why Owners Relinquished Dogs and Cats to a Danish Animal Shelter from 1996 to 2017

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne B. H. Jensen ◽  
Peter Sandøe ◽  
Søren Saxmose Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Behavioural Problems ◽  
Primary Reason ◽  
Animal Shelter ◽  
Animal Shelters ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Over Time

Every year, dogs and cats are relinquished to animal shelters by their owners in large numbers. Reasons for relinquishment of dogs and cats to a large Danish shelter from 1996 to 2017 were obtained and characterised. The reasons were available for 86% of the owner-relinquished animals, including 3204 dog relinquishments (90%) and 2755 cat relinquishments (82%). They were allocated to 59 categories, which were further merged into four owner-related and three animal-related reasons. The most commonly reported of these seven reasons for relinquishment of dogs were owner health (29%), animal behavioural problems (23%), housing issues (21%) and lack of time (14%). For cats, the figures were: owner health (32%), housing issues (26%), and animal behavioural problems (25%). No systematic changes in these patterns were found over time. The number of relinquished cats was roughly stable, whereas the number of relinquished dogs decreased on average by 3% per annum. Owner issues were the primary reason for relinquishment in both species, but nearly one-quarter of the animals were relinquished as a result of behavioural problems. As the latter are often connected with the owner in some way, the results emphasise the importance of a focus on owners when addressing pet relinquishment challenges.

Abstract P205: Comorbities Predict Future Hospitalization Risk in Incident Myocardial Infarction Survivors

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon M Dunlay ◽  
Susan Weston ◽  
Jill M Killian ◽  
Allan S Jaffe ◽  
Malcolm R Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Primary Reason ◽  
Olmsted County ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Repeated Events ◽  
St Elevation ◽  
Over Time

Background: Patients are surviving longer after myocardial infarction (MI), but little is known about the occurrence and predictors of subsequent hospitalizations. Methods: We identified all Olmsted Count residents with incident MI from 1987-2008 and evaluated Olmsted County hospitalizations through 2009. ICD-9 codes were used to determine the primary reason for hospitalization. To account for repeated events, Andersen-Gill models were used to examine the predictors of hospitalization post-MI. Patients were censored at death or last follow-up. Results: A total of 2617 patients (mean 67 years, 41% female, 32% with ST-elevation MI) were diagnosed with incident MI from 1987-2007 and survived MI hospitalization. Over a mean follow-up of 7.1 years, 10116 hospitalizations occurred equating to a median of 3 (range 0 to 43) per person. Only 37.5% (n=3793) of hospitalizations were due to cardiovascular causes, and of these, most were due to ischemic heart disease (n= 1865, 49.2%) and heart failure (n= 733, 19.3%). The proportion of non-cardiovascular hospitalizations increased over time and was higher in women than men, but did not differ by ST-segment status. Several factors were associated with the risk of hospitalization after adjusting for year of diagnosis and sex (Figure). Biomarker levels were not predictors of hospitalization risk. Conclusions: Two-thirds of hospitalizations among incident MI survivors in the community are for non-cardiovascular reasons, and this proportion has increased. Comorbidities are important predictors of recurrent hospitalizations. Therapies focused solely on MI management may be insufficient to prevent the majority of future admissions.

Phylogeny, systematics and rarity assessment of New Zealand endemic Saphydrus beetles and related enigmatic larvae (Coleoptera : Hydrophilidae : Cylominae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Seidel ◽  
Yûsuke N. Minoshima ◽  
Richard A. B. Leschen ◽  
Martin Fikácek
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Primary Reason ◽  
Altitudinal Distribution ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Threatened Status ◽  
Over Time

The New Zealand endemic beetle genus Saphydrus Sharp, 1884 (Coleoptera:Hydrophilidae:Cylominae) is studied in order to understand its phylogenetic position, species-level systematics, biology and distribution, and to reveal reasons for its rarity. The first complete genus-level phylogeny of Cylominae based on two mitochondrial (cox1, 16S) and two nuclear genes (18S, 28S) covering 18 of 19 genera of the subfamily reveals Saphydrus as an isolated lineage situated in a clade with Cylorygmus (South America), Relictorygmus (South Africa) and Eurygmus (Australia). DNA is used to associate two larval morphotypes with Saphydrus: one of them represents the larvae of S. suffusus Sharp, 1884; the other, characterised by unique characters of the head and prothorax morphology, is revealed as sister but not closely related to Saphydrus. It is described here as Enigmahydrus, gen. nov. with a single species, E. larvalis, sp. nov., whose adult stage remains unknown. Saphydrus includes five species, two of which (S. moeldnerae, sp. nov. and S. tanemahuta, sp. nov.) are described as new. Larvae of Enigmahydrus larvalis and Saphydrus suffusus are described and illustrated in detail based on DNA-identified specimens. Candidate larvae for Saphydrus obesus Sharp, 1884 and S. tanemahuta are illustrated and diagnosed. Specimen data are used to evaluate the range, altitudinal distribution, seasonality and population dynamics over time for all species. Strongly seasonal occurrence of adults combined with other factors (winter occurrence in S. obesus, occurrence at high altitudes in S. tanemahuta) is hypothesised as the primary reason of the rarity for Saphydrus species. By contrast, Enigmahydrus larvalis underwent a strong decline in population number and size since the 1970s and is currently known from a single, locally limited population; we propose the ‘nationally threatened’ status for this species. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:28D87163-29E8-418C-9380-262D3038023A

Moving Crowds in Chicago: Baseball and the Fourth of July

2000 ◽  
Vol 1735 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven H. Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Professional Baseball ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Operations Planning ◽  
Special Events ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Over Time

The Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) is often called on to transport large numbers of spectators attending popular special events. Although these situations bear similarities to normal peak-hour traffic, they are characterized by longer-lasting streams of intense traffic volume. Facilities and operating practices designed for peak-hour traffic are usually unable to handle these extraordinary inflows. Therefore, facilities and operations must be adapted to deal with these extreme conditions. Today, CTA experiences two major types of special-events situations. The first type of situation is sporting events, such as professional baseball, football, and basketball games, which originate predictable traffic from a specific site at predetermined times. Therefore, a nearby transit facility such as a rapid-transit station can be designed to service expected traffic volumes. Second, Chicago hosts a growing list of special events that are located in less-well-defined areas, which may change over time. Attendance at this second type of event is often difficult to predict and measure. Therefore, permanent facilities must be adapted to serve such infrequent demand. Also, special-events operations planning must be coordinated carefully with outside agencies. The discussion focuses on how CTA has designed both facilities and operations to deal with the crowds generated by both scenarios. CTA serves many sporting events, including Cubs baseball games at Wrigley Field. Also, every year Chicago hosts a fireworks display held on the night of July 3. A description is included of the design of facilities and operations that facilitate these special events.

Thawing the ice: a contemporary solution to Antarctic sovereignty

Polar Record ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-447
Author(s):  
Wygene Chong
Keyword(s):  
Primary Reason ◽  
Global Commons ◽  
Governance Framework ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Antarctic Treaty ◽  
Territorial Claims ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTThe Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) has provided a peaceful framework for governing the continent over many decades, in spite of seven extant territorial claims. However, its method of freezing these claims has been criticised for being short-sighted and ineffective in providing a long-term solution. This paper argues to the contrary. It undertakes a brisk analysis of different categories of alternatives: global commons, absolute sovereignty, restricted sovereignty and shared sovereignty. After dismissing each category for various reasons, it promotes the reform of the existing ATS, in which a long-term vision and modified chairmanship structure provide stronger leadership and more effective implementation. Essentially, it holds that the primary reason there is criticism of the system is because it is not functioning as well as it might be. The paper not only contends that a developed ATS is an achievable aim, but that it could eventually develop into a restricted, shared sovereignty governance framework. That form of governance, which would emerge over time, could be a more durable solution that resolves the competing territorial claims. In this way, the paper charts a potential pathway for the future of Antarctic governance. This path begins, however, with a reformed ATS.

The genesis of international mass migration

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Richards
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Scottish Highlands ◽  
Isle Of Man ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Common ◽  
Over Time

Very large numbers of people began to depart the British Isles for the New Worlds after about 1770. This was a pioneering movement, a rehearsal for modern international migration. This book contends that emigration history is not seamless, that it contains large shifts over time and place, and that the modern scale and velocity of mobility have very particular historical roots. The Isle of Man is an ideal starting point in the quest for the engines and mechanisms of emigration, and a particular version of the widespread surge in British emigration in the 1820s. West Sussex was much closer to the centres of the expansionary economy in the new age. North America was the earliest and the greatest theatre of oceanic emigration in which the methods of mass migration were pioneered. Landlocked Shropshire experienced some of the earliest phases of British industrialisation, notably in the Ironbridge/Coalbrookdale district, deep inland on the River Severn. The turmoil in the agrarian and demographic foundations of life reached across the British archipelago. In West Cork and North Tipperary, there was clear evidence of the great structural changes that shook the foundations of these rural societies. The book also discusses the sequences and effects of migration in Wales, Swaledale, Cornwall, Kent, London, and Scottish Highlands. It also deals with Ireland’s place in the more generic context of the origins of migration from the British Isles. The common historical understanding is that the pre-industrial population of the British Isles had been held back by Malthusian checks.

Chromatic acoustic condition monitoring of transformers

Sensor Review ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-296
Author(s):  
Anthony G. Deakin ◽  
Duncan H. Smith ◽  
Joseph W. Spencer ◽  
Darren Jones ◽  
Nigel Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Condition Indicators ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Tap Changer ◽  
Transformer Equipment ◽  
Over Time

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present an approach for continuous acoustic condition monitoring of transformers based on chromatic principles for abstracting information on individual acoustic events as well as secondary trends in the behaviour of the events. Design/methodology/approach – The potential benefits of condition monitoring of high-value transformer equipment are explored, and an approach based on chromatic information abstraction is illustrated and discussed. Findings – Tracking of large numbers of complex and variable individual acoustic events over time using a chromatic approach appears to offer a means for remote operators to evaluate mechanical transformer tap changer condition in a traceable manner. Originality/value – The condition monitoring is retrofittable and non-intrusive, and the approach may be applied generically for combining condition indicators for overall health-checking. A complex system behaviour may be operationally simplified without discarding the complexity.

scholarly journals Repositioning Resistance: Basque Separatism, Religion and Cultural Security in Regional Queensland, 1945–1970

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
Robert Mason
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Overwhelming Majority ◽  
Historical Injustice ◽  
Civilian Population ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Market Town ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Over Time

On 26 April 1937, German bombers attacked the civilian population in the Basque market town of Guernica. The event has become synonymous with the brutality of the Spanish Civil War, but its impact on the Basque diaspora has not been the subject of detailed investigation. Large numbers of Basques emigrated to live in north Queensland, and the overwhelming majority can be traced to the hills surrounding Guernica. Those living in Australia only became aware of the atrocity over time, but the symbolic importance of Guernica increased over the subsequent decades as hundreds more Basques arrived in Queensland's north. The bombing itself was traumatic, but it was understood in the context of an emigration and historical injustice wrought by Spain's Nationalist dictatorship.

scholarly journals The Barrier to Vaccination Is Not Vaccine Hesitancy: Patterns of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance over the Course of the Pandemic in 23 Countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammina Kothari ◽  
Gerit Pfuhl ◽  
David Schieferdecker ◽  
Casey Taggart Harris ◽  
Caitlin Tidwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Barrier ◽  
Actual Vaccine ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Intent To Vaccinate

AbstractBackgroundAt present, evidence is inconclusive regarding what factors influence vaccine intent, and whether there are widespread disparities across populations and time. The current study provides new insights regarding vaccine intent and potential differences across 23 countries and over time.MethodsOur data come from a unique longitudinal survey that contains responses from Facebook users (N=1,425,172) from the 23 countries from four continents collected in 18 waves from July 2020 through March 2021.ResultsWe find that vaccine intent varies significantly across countries and over time. Across countries, there are notable disparities in intent to vaccinate. Regarding time, intent has recently reached an all-time high. Our data demonstrates that intent to vaccinate has increased as countries have deployed vaccines on larger scales with undecidedness declining. However, there are some countries where vaccine intent is stagnant and in one country – Egypt – where it seems to have declined.InterpretationsLarge numbers of citizens across the world are willing to get vaccinated. In the vast majority of countries in our sample, these were high enough to reach more conservative levels of herd immunity1 if combined with numbers of persons already infected. As such, the main barrier to vaccination is not vaccine hesitancy, but the shortage of vaccines. This sends a clear message to politicians who need to work on a quick and fair distribution of vaccine; and to scientists who need to focus their attention on understanding remaining pockets of vaccine skepticism or undecidedness and on factors that explain actual vaccine behavior, rather than intent.

scholarly journals JATS Blue Lite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerrit Imsieke ◽  
Nina Linn Reinhardt
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Green Is ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Over Time

A JATS customization with a restricted vocabulary that is suitable for publishing metadata has been a desideratum in the JATS community. For some members, the JATS publishing customization (“Blue”) has acquired too many JATS archiving (“Green”) vocabulary items over time. Others want to have a straightforward editing schema without too many alternatives, similar to the authoring (“Pumpkin”) customization, but with support for publishing metadata. This work is an attempt to identify a commonly used subset of Blue (goal: 60% of its elements and attributes) that is able to support at least 90% of the JATS articles found in the wild, where “wild” means several hundred thousand articles sourced from publishers directly and from PubMed Central’s vast collections. In addition, this subset should also support the elements and attributes that have been added to JATS only recently and that are therefore unlikely to be found in large numbers within the articles analyzed. An attempt has been made to scrutinize vocabulary items that have been adopted from Green: Is the adoption merely a sign of the creeping “aquafication” of Blue that some suspect, or have these items really been missing in a more prescriptive and widely applicable journal tag set? Items that are considered important to modern publishing for several reasons – accessibility, open access, machine processability – have been included in this proposed subset. Also items that were underrepresented in the analyzed set of articles, but are considered fundamental to JATS, have been retained.

Complications of Paget bone disease: a study of 69 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saoussen Miladi ◽  
Leila Rouached ◽  
Kaouther Maatallah ◽  
Safa Rahmouni ◽  
Alia Fazaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Bone Disease ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Bone Architecture ◽  
Primary Reason ◽  
Local Bone ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Main Complication

Introduction: Paget bone disease (PBD) is characterized by a disorder in the bone remodeling activity at sites of involvement. This can produce dramatic alterations of local bone architecture and causes most of the complications. We aimed to focus on the characteristics of complications of PDB among hospitalized patients. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted, on PBD patients hospitalized in two rheumatology centers from 1994 to 2019. Characteristics of the PBD complications were studied. Results: Sixty-nine patients were collected with a sex ratio of 0.76 and a mean age of 75.4±6.4 years [43-101]. The diagnosis of PBD was established in the average age of 64.2±11.5 years. The primary reason for consultation was pain (78.3%). The PBD was localized in the pelvis (58%), lower limb (42%), spine (36.2%), skull (23.2%) and upper limb (5.8%). It was polyostotic in 44.9% of cases. Dosage of ALP was 324 [68-8390]. The PDB complication rate was 52.2% and it decreased over time. The main complication was osteoarthritis (23.2%), followed by deafness (17.4%), fracture (15.9%), hydrocephalus (7.2%), neurological disease (7.2%) and osteosarcoma (1.4%). The presence of complications was significantly associated with the polyostotic form (p=0.01), the skull localization (p=0.04), an increased ALP (p=0.02). Conclusion: According to our study, the incidence rate of PBD among hospitalized cases is higher among elderly women and decreases over time. Complications related to PDB are frequent (52%). It concerns patients with a polyostotic form, skull localization and high ALP.

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