scholarly journals The Effect of Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis Infection on the Productivity of Cows in Two Dairy Herds with a Low Seroprevalence of Paratuberculosis

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wiszniewska-Łaszczych ◽  
Katarzyna G. Liedtke ◽  
Joanna M. Szteyn ◽  
Tomasz Lachowicz
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Milk Components ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

Paratuberculosis is a chronic, progressive enteritis of ruminants, caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. It affects the productivity of infected dairy cows, causing a reduction in the daily milk yield and basic milk components. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis on the productivity of dairy cows in two herds. The research materials were serum and milk samples taken from cows from two naturally infected dairy herds. All serum samples were serologically tested using the Mycobacterium paratuberculosis Antibody ELISA Kit by IDEXX—Screening and Verification. Seroprevalence differed between the herds (5.7% and 11.3%). Seroprevalence varied also between the groups of lactation. The highest seroprevalence was found in the first lactation group in both herds. The milk yield evaluation and analysis of the basic milk components’ content (protein and fat total solids) were tested once a month during one lactation period. The content of the basic milk components varied depending on the lactation group, as well as the serological status of the cows. A decrease in milk yield was observed in cows in herds with a higher seroprevalence (>11%). The largest decrease in milk yield and basic milk components was observed in older animals (>three lactations).

scholarly journals On designing the average lactation curve at the ascending phase

1962 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Aarne Mäkelä
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Lactation Curve ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Comparisons are made between different methods to find the peak production (maximum daily milk yield) and methods to design the average lactation curve at the ascending phase in dairy cows. It was noted that in order to determine the height and location of the maximal producing capacity of a cow in a known lactation period, it is preferable to choose the peak production as a mean of three subsequent best days. It was also noted that the usual methods for drawing the average lactation curves do not give a true picture of the height and location of the peak. The author suggests a method for determining the average lactation curve at the ascending phase by using the averages of both milk productions and times involved in reaching the peak and known fractions (e.g. 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4, and 5/4) of it. In this lactation curve the peak production is the mean of the peaks of individual cows, and the time involved in reaching it is the mean of the durations of the ascending phases of the individual cows.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of a Novel ELISA for the Specific Detection of Antibodies against Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Based on a Chimeric Polyprotein

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Roberto Damián Moyano ◽  
Magali Andrea Romero ◽  
María Alejandra Colombatti Olivieri ◽  
María Fiorella Alvarado Pinedo ◽  
Gabriel Eduardo Traveria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
Development And Validation

Bovine paratuberculosis (PTB) is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). The optimization of detection tests specific for MAP is crucial to improve PTB control. In this work, we aimed to develop and validate a diagnostic tool based on an ELISA to specifically detect anti-MAP antibodies from bovine serum samples. For that purpose, we designed a recombinant polyprotein containing four specific antigens from MAP and optimized the ELISA. The validation consisted of the assessment of 10 sera from PTB-infected and healthy bovines with different OD values. The diagnostic performance of the polyprotein-ELISA was evaluated by testing 130 bovine serum samples (47 healthy, 48 MAP-infected, and 35 M. bovis-infected bovines). The ELISA using the polyprotein yielded an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.9912 (95% CI, 0.9758–1.007; P  < 0.0001). Moreover, for this ELISA, the cut-off selected from the ROC curve based on the point with a sensitivity of 95.56% (95% CI, 0.8485–0.9946) and specificity of 97.92 (95% CI, 0.8893–0.9995) was 0.3328. Similar results were obtained with an ELISA using the commercial Paratuberculosis Protoplasmatic Antigen (PPA). However, the ELISA with the polyprotein antigen showed a better performance against sera from animals infected with Mycobacterium bovis compared to the ELISA with PPA: lower cross-reactivity (2.85% versus 25.71%). These results demonstrate a very low cross-reactivity of the polyprotein with antibodies present in serum samples from animals infected with M. bovis. The designed polyprotein and the validated ELISA could be very useful for the specific identification of MAP-infected animals in herds.

Effects of lactation month and season on test-day milkyield and milk components in Holstein cows

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ertugrul Kul ◽  
Özden Çobanoglu ◽  
Eser Kemal Gurcan ◽  
Soner Çankaya ◽  
Samet Hasan Abaci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Milk Components ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Sampling Season ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

This study aims to determine the correlations between the test-day milk yield (TDMY) and the fat and protein content as well as the fat and protein yields in Holstein dairy cows and to investigate the effects of lactation period and sampling season on these parameters. The study material consists of 1.380 records of a total of 151 head of Holstein dairy cows raised on a private farm in Samsun province. In the study, the mean TDMY, fat content, protein content, fat yield and protein yield were recorded as 20.6±5.10 kg, 3.97±0.734%, 3.23±0.276%, 0.81±0.210 kg and 0.66±0.160 kg, respectively. The effects of lactation period and sampling season on the TDMY, fat content, protein content, fat yield and protein yield were found statistically significant (Pis less than 0.01). Statistically significant negative correlations were determined between the TDMY and the fat and protein content, but positive and statistically significant (Pis less than 0.01) correlations between the TDMY and the fat and protein yields. In conclusion, it might be stated that the effects of lactation period and sampling season should also be taken into account to improve milk yield and milk components.

scholarly journals PRODUKSI SUSU SAPI PERAH FRIESIAN HOLSTEIN (FH) PADA PERIODE LAKTASI YANG BERBEDA (Milk Production of Friesian Holstein (FH) Cows at Different Lactation Periods)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Ali Mahmud ◽  
Woro Busono ◽  
Puguh Surjowardojo ◽  
Yuli Arif Tribudi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Peak Lactation ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

This research was conducted in PT Greenfields Indonesia, Babadan Village, Ngajum Districts, Malang, East Java. The purpose of the study was to compare the milk production of FH (Friesian Holstein) dairy cows in various lactation periods. The material used in this research was data records of Australian FH, which have been developed in the Greenfields Indonesia farm. The data used were from 473 dairy cows, which consisted of 100 heads for each lactation period from the period I up to period IV and 73 heads for lactation period V. The variables measured were milk production 305 day 2X ME, daily milk yield production, peak day production, and the peak lactation. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance, and if the result showed differences, the analysis was continued using the Duncan test. The results showed that the increase in the lactation period significantly (P<0.01) decreased milk production and increased the duration of lactation peaks of FH cows. The highest milk production 305 day 2X ME was in the lactation period II, which was around 10232.90 ± 1036.62 kg/lactation or 32 ± 5.13 kg/day. In this period, the peak day in milk lactation was 71.5 ± 27.5 days, and the peak of milk production was 45.7 ± 4.1 kg/day. In conclusion, milk production increased from the first lactation period to the second lactation period and then decreased in subsequent periods. The peak of the first lactation period was reached longer, then falls in the second lactation period and then increases again at the following lactation period

scholarly journals Productive and reproductive performance of crossbred and indigenous dairy cows under smallholder farming system

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
M Rokonuzzaman ◽  
MR Hassan ◽  
S Islam ◽  
S Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Heat Period ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

The present study was undertaken to investigate productive and reproductive performances of crossbreds and Indigenous dairy cows. A total of 400 dairy cows each are equal number of Friesian x indigenous (FI), Sahiwal x indigenous (SaI), Sindhi x indigenous (SiI) and indigenous (I) were selected from eight thanas in Jessore district. The study found that the daily milk yield from FI, SaI, SiI and I cows were 8.39 ± 2.01, 4.63 ± 0.96, 4.35 ± 1.12 and 2.38 ± 0.73 liters, respectively. The milk yield was found significantly (P<0.01) higher in first stage of lactation than that of second and third both in crossbreds and I dairy cows. The lactation period of crossbreds was significantly (P<0.01) higher than that of I cows. The service per conception was found higher in I cows and the gestation length was almost similar in all the groups. The post partum heat period and calving to first service were highest in SiI cows. The dry period and calving interval were higher in I cows. The age at first calving was almost similar in crossbreds but significantly (P<0.01) higher in I cows. The birth weight was significantly (P<0.01) lower in I than crossbred dairy cows. Considering all the parameters studied, FI showed better performance followed by SaI, SiI, and I. Keywords: Crossbreds; Indigenous; Dairy cows; Productive; reproduction performance DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v7i1.4801 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 7(1): 69-72, 2009

scholarly journals Identification of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in sheep farms in Bayannaoer, Inner Mongolia, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
yuandi yu ◽  
Suhui Zhang ◽  
Guoyang Xu ◽  
Dengfeng Xu ◽  
Hua Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis

Abstract Background Paratuberculosis, is a widespread chronic infection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), causes significant economic losses to the sheep industry. The current study investigated this disease, which causes diarrhea in sheep, particularly, in Bayannaoer, Inner Mongolia. Diagnosis was based on clinical symptoms, pathological autopsy, histopathological inspection, and serological and molecular methods. Results Paratuberculosis was confirmed via a polymerase chain reaction using DNA extracted from tissue and fecal samples. Serum samples from 472 individual sheep were obtained to detect antibodies against MAP by ELISA test and MAP antibodies were separately detected in 17.86% (35/196) and 18.48% (51/276) of sheep herds at 6 months and 1 years of age respectively. The results of tissue lesion and pathological section were consistent with paratuberculosis infection. Conclusions This is the first report of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis seroprevalence in Bayannaoer sheep in Inner Mongolia. Our findings show that MAP was prevalent and potentially threaten in this region and more further investigations on long-term epidemiological

scholarly journals 29 Conditional GWAS using sequence-based genotypes for susceptibility to Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis infection in Canadian Holstein

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 17-17
Author(s):  
Nathalie Bissonnette ◽  
Andrew Marete ◽  
Dave Kelton ◽  
Flavio Schenkel ◽  
Eveline M Ibeagha-Awemu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Genome Project ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Incurable Disease ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
True Infection

Abstract Paratuberculosis is an incurable disease caused by Mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Variability in the definition of a true infection could explain the lack of consensus in published results on host genetic susceptibility to MAP. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for susceptibility to paratuberculosis in Canadian Holstein with an accurately defined status. Cows with known parentage were recruited from 23 Canadian dairy herds and enrolled in a longitudinal study. Blood and feces were collected semi-annually over a 3-5-yr period. Serum samples were analyzed by ELISA (IDEXX) and feces by qPCR. Cows were labelled based on positive ELISA (&gt; 45%) and on at least two consecutive fecal excretion of MAP (n = 382). Control cows (n = 669) did not excrete MAP nor have MAP antibodies (&lt; 10%) over the 3–5 year period. Their genotypes (GGP Bovine 50K chip) were imputed to HD-SNP (within-breed), then to WGS using FImpute software and Run6 of 1,000 Bulls’ genome project as a multi-breed reference. Using GCTA software, heritability (h2) was estimated and conditional GWAS was performed to define multiple true causal mutations in QTL regions from those caused by linkage disequilibrium. The h2(se) was 0.52 (0.01) and after FDR correction, 1,357 variants presented significant effects (-log10 P &gt; 6), grouped within 7 QTL located on chromosome BTA7, BTA16, BTA20, and BTA23. The most significant variant was on BTA20 (-log10 P =12.39). Functional annotation showed that 76% of all the variants of the QTL were intergenic, with the rest being mostly intronic. Of interest was variant located on BTA7 with effect size (se) of -0.77 (0.02). In conclusion, using accurate phenotypes, chromosomal regions and candidate genes that could be functionally related to MAP infection were uncovered. The significant variants found in this study could contribute to the enhancement of genomic evaluation for MAP resistance.

Relationships among macro-minerals, other selected serum markers of bone profile and milk components of dairy cows during late-lactation

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Mordak ◽  
Zbigniew Dobrzański ◽  
Robert Kupczyński
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Milk Components ◽  
Macro Mineral

AbstractTesting blood and milk parameters as well as analysing the relationships among these markers is very useful for monitoring the internal homeostasis and health in high-yielding dairy cows during various production periods. The aim of the study was to assess the correlations (relationships) among macro-minerals, such as calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), other selected bone profile markers, such as total protein (TP), albumin, activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) measured in serum and selected milk components such as number of somatic cells (SCC), colony-forming units (CFU), milk fat (MF), milk protein (MP), milk lactose (ML), dry matter (DM), non-fat dry matter (FDM) and milk production in late-lactation cows. Both blood and milk samples were collected from 11 clinically healthy milking cows during the late-lactation period. The cows were examined once a day for 3 consecutive days resulting in 33 sets of blood and milk samples for laboratory and statistical analysis. Significant correlations were observed between: Mg and MP, Mg and FDM, ALP and SCC, TP and SCC, TP and MP, TP and FDM, albumin and MP, albumin and FDM, P and Mg, Mg and albumin, and between TP and albumin. When monitoring macro-mineral homeostasis and mammary gland health, especially in intensively fed high-yielding dairy cows correlations between these markers should be considered. The revealed correlations can allow for deeper comparative laboratory diagnostics of homeostasis and can be especially useful for laboratory monitoring of the potential risk of subclinical macro-mineral deficiency in high-yielding dairy cows.

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