scholarly journals Multidrug-Resistant ESBL/AmpC-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Healthy Thoroughbred Racehorses in Japan

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddy Sukmawinata ◽  
Ryoko Uemura ◽  
Wataru Sato ◽  
Myo Thu Htun ◽  
Masuo Sueyoshi
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Single Locus Variant ◽  
Thoroughbred Racehorses ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC β-lactamase (AmpC)-producing Klebsiella spp. have become a major health problem, leading to treatment failure in humans and animals. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of ESBL/AmpC-producing Klebsiella spp. isolated from racehorses in Japan. Feces samples from 212 healthy Thoroughbred racehorses were collected from the Japan Racing Association Training Centers between March 2017 and August 2018. ESBL/AmpC-producing Klebsiella spp. were isolated using selective medium containing 1 µg/mL cefotaxime. All isolates were subjected to bacterial species identification (MALDI-TOF MS), antimicrobial susceptibility test (disk diffusion test), characterization of resistance genes (PCR), conjugation assay, and genetic relatedness (multilocus sequence typing/MLST). Twelve ESBL/AmpC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL/AmpC-KP) were isolated from 3.3% of horse samples. Antimicrobial resistance profiling for 17 antimicrobials showed all ESBL/AmpC-KP were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Only 1 isolate was confirmed as an ESBL producer (blaCTX-M-2-positive), whereas the other 11 isolates were plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC) producers (blaCMY positive). On the basis of MLST analysis, the ESBL-KP isolate was identified as sequence type (ST)-133 and four different STs among AmpC-KP isolates, ST-145, ST-4830, ST-4831, and ST-4832, were found to share six of the seven loci constituting a single-locus variant. This is the first study to show K. pneumoniae carrying MDR pAmpC isolated from a racehorse.

Isolation and Identification of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Uropathogenic Klebsiella spp in Dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
M Mustapha ◽  
P Goel
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Bacterial Organism ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

The most widespread ailments in dogs are urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by bacterial species. It is necessary to recognize the prevailing bacterial pathogens and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents to effectively treat UTIs. The present study aimed to classify the bacterial organism that causes UTIs in dogs and their patterns of antimicrobial resistance. A total of 141 urine samples were collected from diseased dogs in Veterinary Clinical Complex LUVAS in Hisar, India. Culture, biochemical and sensitivity testing were performed for each of the urine samples based on standard method. Of the total 141 urine samples from dogs, 21 (14.9%) isolates were identified as Klebsiella spp. The isolates were found to be highly resistant to ampicillin (100%), penicillin G (100%), oxytetracycline (100%), enrofloxacin (85.7%), chloramphenicol (80.6%), ceftriaxone (76.2%) and cloxacillin (71.4%), while susceptibility was observed against gentamicin (100%), amikacin (100%) and neomycin (90.5%). In the current study, 19 out of 21 identified isolates were found to be multidrug-resistant. This study indicates that dogs in the study area are found to harbor highly resistant Klebsiella spp. Therefore, when deciding on the antibiotic regimen for UTIs cases, Vets should consider resistance profile of chosen antibacterial agents before usage in order to discourage dissemination of resistant organisms in the study area.

scholarly journals What Healthcare Workers Should Know about Environmental Bacterial Contamination in the Intensive Care Unit

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Russotto ◽  
Andrea Cortegiani ◽  
Teresa Fasciana ◽  
Pasquale Iozzo ◽  
Santi Maurizio Raineri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Increased Risk

Intensive care unit- (ICU-) acquired infections are a major health problem worldwide. Inanimate surfaces and equipment contamination may play a role in cross-transmission of pathogens and subsequent patient colonization or infection. Bacteria contaminate inanimate surfaces and equipment of the patient zone and healthcare area, generating a reservoir of potential pathogens, including multidrug resistant species. Traditional terminal cleaning methods have limitations. Indeed patients who receive a bed from prior patient carrying bacteria are exposed to an increased risk (odds ratio 2.13, 95% confidence intervals 1.62–2.81) of being colonized and potentially infected by the same bacterial species of the previous patient. Biofilm formation, even on dry surfaces, may play a role in reducing the efficacy of terminal cleaning procedures since it enables bacteria to survive in the environment for a long period and provides increased resistance to commonly used disinfectants. No-touch methods (e.g., UV-light, hydrogen peroxide vapour) are under investigation and further studies with patient-centred outcomes are needed, before considering them the standard of terminal cleaning in ICUs. Healthcare workers should be aware of the role of environmental contamination in the ICU and consider it in the broader perspective of infection control measures and stewardship initiatives.

scholarly journals Enterobacterial infection in Saudi Arabia: First record of Klebsiella pneumoniae with triple carbapenemase genes resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 334-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mubashir Ahmad Khan ◽  
Amr M Mohamed ◽  
Aftab Faiz ◽  
Jawwad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
First Record ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Blood Specimens ◽  
One Year

Introduction: Carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae are emerging as important pathogens worldwide with serious effects on patients’ outcome. The study aimed to investigate the emergence of carbapenemases associated with enterobacterial infection in Western region of Saudi Arabia. Methodology: Clinical isolates from suspected patients with enterobacterial infection were investigated over a one-year period from four tertiary care hospitals of Makkah, Saudi Arabia. All isolates were identified using Vitek-2 system and then screened for potential carbapenemase production using disk diffusion test. Suspected isolates with reduced susceptibility to carbapenems were further investigated for blaNDM-1, blaKPC and blaOXA-48 resistant genes. Results: Out of 120 confirmed Enterobacteriaceae isolates, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli comprised the largest proportion (35% and 34.2%, respectively) of encountered infections. Twenty-six (21.7%) isolates showed resistance to carbapenems, the majority of which (21/26) were K. pneumoniae. Remarkably, 17 isolates carried triple resistant genes KPC/NDM-1/OXA-48 while the other 4 carried double resistant genes (KPC/OXA-48) or (NDM-1/OXA-48). The current study revealed that the mentioned triple resistance genes have the higher incidence with significant association risk among males (COR 4.5; CI: 1.9-17.3; P = 0.018), non-Saudi nationalities (COR 4.9; CI: 1.5-19.3; P = 0.003), ICU-obtained specimens (COR 3.6; CI: 1.5-8.4; P = 0.002) and blood specimens (COR 2.8; CI: 1.1-6.9; P = 0.02). Conclusion: Multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates in particular K. pneumoniae co-harboring KPC, NDM-1 and OXA-48 genes are emerging in Western region, Saudi Arabia. This is the first record of triple carbapenemase genes co-producing K. pneumoniae associated with enterobacterial infection.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of carbapenemase- and extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ozaenae clinical isolates within a hospital in Panama City

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 204993612110549
Author(s):  
Silvio Vega ◽  
Fermín Acosta ◽  
Iván Landires ◽  
Mitchelle Morán ◽  
Johanna Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Panama City ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Klebsiella pneumoniae spp ozaenae is a versatile bacterial species able to acquire antimicrobial resistance; the species presents a higher antimicrobial resistance profile compared to Klebsiella pneumoniae spp pneumoniae. Carbapenemase and extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria commonly arise in clinical settings where antimicrobial stewardship is limited. Our study aims to report the phenotypical and genetic characteristics of nosocomial Klebsiella pneumoniae spp ozaenae isolates associated with mortality collected from a tertiary-level hospital in Panama City. In October 2020, 11 consecutive multidrug-resistant Gram-negative isolates were recovered from secretions and blood cultures from hospitalized patients. Nearly 90% (10/11) of these patients died, and bacteria was obtained from six patients for investigation. Biochemical evaluation of the six isolates revealed the presence of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae spp ozaenae. Phenotypic evaluation indicated resistance to carbapenemase and EBSL. In contrast, genetic evaluation by PCR showed that only 30% (2/6) were resistant to CTX-M-1 (CTX-M group 1), whereas 60.7% (4/6) presented carbapenemase resistance genes, and 33.3% (2/6) presented New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase ( NDM) resistance genes. Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 was identified in 83.3% (5/6) of the isolates. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S revealed low homology among the six isolates. These results suggest that antibiotic resistance genes may have been incorporated into these Klebsiella pneumoniae spp ozaenae isolates within the hospital environment. We recommend strengthening the antimicrobial stewardship program and antibiotic control policy, as well as heightened infection control and prevention measures, such as ward sanitation and increased hand washing frequency.

scholarly journals Role of efflux pumps inhibitor in decreasing antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a tertiary hospital in North India

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
pp. 815-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Filgona ◽  
Tuhina Banerjee ◽  
Shampa Anupurba
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Efflux Pumps ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
North India ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Agar Dilution

Introduction: The contribution of efflux systems to drug resistance in Enterobacteriaceae is becoming increasingly appreciated. This study phenotypically analyzed the role of efflux mechanisms in resistance to ertapenem, doripenem, and tigecycline among clinical isolates of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP). Methodology: Multidrug-resistant and carbapenem non-susceptible K. pneumoniae isolates were determined by disk diffusion test. Further susceptibility of these isolates to carbapenems, ceftriaxone, cefoperazone, ceftazidime, tigecycline, and colistin was determined by agar dilution assay, and CRKP was identified. While modified Hodge test was used to confirm carbapenemase production, the contribution of efflux mechanisms was determined by a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) reduction assay, and typing was done by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Of the 238 isolates of K. pneumoniae, 174 were multidrug resistant and 74 were CRKP. Forty of the CRKP were positive for carbapenemase production, while 43, 11, and 2 of the CRKP isolates had elevated MIC of ≥ 32 µg/mL for ertapenem, doripenem, and tigecycline, respectively. Twofold or higher MIC reduction to ertapenem, doripenem, and tigecycline was observed in 6, 28, and 27 isolates, respectively; however, non-susceptibility to ertapenem, doripenem and tigecycline was abolished in 2, 11, and 18 K. pneumoniae isolates, respectively. Nine clones of CRKP widely distributed within the hospital were obtained from ERIC PCR. Conclusions: Although colistin retained better activity against CRKP, efflux pumps contributed to increased MIC in ertapenem, doripenem, and tigecycline. Therefore, efflux systems are important aspects that should be explored in the fight against multidrug-resistant bacteria.  

scholarly journals Biofilm Production by Uropathogens like Klebsiella spp and Pseudomonas spp and their Antibiotic Susceptibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 902-906
Author(s):  
Sanjay Mahato ◽  
Pinki Mandal ◽  
Ajay Mahato
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
The Status ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Introduction: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) causes inflammation which is a common, painful and sometimes life-threatening condition as well. Despite high prevalence of bacteriuria, the information on biofilm forming bacteria is negligible. Objectives: This study aims at understanding the status of the biofilm forming nature of Klebsiella spp and Pseudomonas SPP and their drug resistance property with several class of antibiotics with a prime focus on resistance pattern against few penicillin based drugs to few empirical drugs in today's time. Methodology: Urine samples were analyzed and the isolates were biochemically identified. Then, the isolates were tested for several drugs so as to identify multidrug resistance nature of isolates by Kirby-Bauer Disc method. Biofilm forming nature was examined on Congo Red Agar. Results Out of 35 urine samples, 13 isolates (37.1%) were found to be positive with significant bacteriuria. Eight samples (22.8%) showed incidence of Klebsiella spp. and 5 samples (14.3%) showed P. aeruginosa. The prevalence of Klebsiella spp. (Klebsiella pneumoniae (46.2%) and K. oxytoca(15.4%)) and P. aeruginosa was found to be 61.4% and 38.6% respectively. 66.6% of K. pneumoniae and 50% K. oxytocawere biofilm forming pathogen.K. pneumoniae andK. oxytoca were resistant to amoxycillin, amoxycillin-clavulanate, and cefoxitin; while were sensitive to nitrofurantoin and azithromycin.P. aeruginosa were sensitive to azithromycin(100%), but showed 60% resistance to levofloxacin and ofloxacin. Eight (61.5%) isolates were found to be MDR. 100% of Klebsiella oxytoca (n=2), 66.7% of Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=4), and 40% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=2)were multidrug resistant (MDR).Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices of bacteria revealed that all the 13 isolates were Multi-Antibiotics Resistance strains. Conclusion Biofilm forming nature is now much greater in Klebsiella spp; while most of the isolates like Klebsiella and Pseudomon as are multidrug resistant.

Bronchoscope-associated clusters of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison L. Galdys ◽  
Jane W. Marsh ◽  
Edgar Delgado ◽  
A. William Pasculle ◽  
Marissa Pacey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Clinical Culture

AbstractObjectiveRecovery of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae from a cluster of patients in the medical intensive care unit (MICU) prompted an epidemiologic investigation for a common exposure.MethodsClinical and microbiologic data from MICU patients were retrospectively reviewed, MICU bronchoscopes underwent culturing and borescopy, and bronchoscope reprocessing procedures were reviewed. Bronchoscope and clinical MDR isolates epidemiologically linked to the cluster underwent molecular typing using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) followed by whole-genome sequencing.ResultsOf the 33 case patients, 23 (70%) were exposed to a common bronchoscope (B1). Both MDR P. aeruginosa and K. pneumonia were recovered from the bronchoscope’s lumen, and borescopy revealed a luminal defect. Molecular testing demonstrated genetic relatedness among case patient and B1 isolates, providing strong evidence for horizontal bacterial transmission. MDR organism (MDRO) recovery in 19 patients was ultimately linked to B1 exposure, and 10 of 19 patients were classified as belonging to an MDRO pseudo-outbreak.ConclusionsSurveillance of bronchoscope-derived clinical culture data was important for early detection of this outbreak, and whole-genome sequencing was important for the confirmation of findings. Visualization of bronchoscope lumens to confirm integrity should be a critical component of device reprocessing.

scholarly journals Dissemination of blaNDM–1 Gene Among Several Klebsiella pneumoniae Sequence Types in Mexico Associated With Horizontal Transfer Mediated by IncF-Like Plasmids

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Eduardo Toledano-Tableros ◽  
Catalina Gayosso-Vázquez ◽  
Ma Dolores Jarillo-Quijada ◽  
José Luis Fernández-Vázquez ◽  
Rayo Morfin-Otero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Horizontal Transfer ◽  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Tertiary Referral Hospital ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Clonal Variability ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sequence Types

Nosocomial infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae are a major health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to describe NDM-1-producing K. pneumoniae strains causing bacteremia in a tertiary referral hospital in Mexico. MDR K. pneumoniae isolates were screened by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of resistance genes. In resistant isolates, plasmids were identified and conjugation assays were performed. Clonal diversity and the sequence types were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing. A total of 80 K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from patients with bacteremia over a 1-year period. These isolates showed a level of resistance of 59% (47/80) to aztreonam, 56–60% (45–48/80) to cephalosporins, 54% (43/80) to colistin and 12.5% (10/80) to carbapenems. The carbapenem resistant isolates were blaNDM–1 carriers and negative for blaKPC, blaNDM, blaIMP, blaVIM and blaOXA–48–like carbapenemases genes. Conjugative plasmids IncFIIA and IncF group with sizes of 82–195 kbp were carriers of blaNDM–1, blaCTX–M–15, blaTEM–1, aac(6′)-Ib and/or aac(3′)-IIa. Clonal variability and nine different multilocus sequence types were detected (ST661, ST683, ST1395, ST2706, ST252, ST1198, ST690, ST1535, and ST3368) for the first time in the isolates carrying blaNDM–1 in Mexico. This study demonstrates that blaNDM–1 has remained within this hospital in recent years and suggests that it is currently the most prevalent carbapenemase among K. pneumoniae MDR strains causing bacteremia in Mexico. The horizontal transfer of blaNDM–1 gene through IncF-like plasmids among different clones demonstrates the dissemination pathway of antimicrobial resistance and underscore the need for strong and urgent joint measures to control the spread of NDM-1 carbapenemase in the hospital.

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