scholarly journals Models Based on the Mitscherlich Equation for Describing Typical and Atypical Gas Production Profiles Obtained from In Vitro Digestibility Studies Using Equine Faecal Inoculum

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Powell ◽  
Mewa S. Dhanoa ◽  
Anna Garber ◽  
Jo-Anne M. D. Murray ◽  
Secundino López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
Mitscherlich Equation ◽  
Digesta Passage ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

Two models are proposed to describe atypical biphasic gas production profiles obtained from in vitro digestibility studies. The models are extensions of the standard Mitscherlich equation, comprising either two Mitscherlich terms or one Mitscherlich and one linear term. Two models that describe typical monophasic gas production curves, the standard Mitscherlich and the France model [a generalised Mitscherlich (root-t) equation], were assessed for comparison. Models were fitted to 25 gas production profiles resulting from incubating feedstuffs with faecal inocula from equines. Seventeen profiles displayed atypical biphasic patterns while the other eight displayed typical monophasic patterns. Models were evaluated using statistical measures of goodness-of-fit and by analysis of residuals. Good agreement was found between observed atypical profiles values and fitted values obtained with the two biphasic models, and both can revert to a simple Mitscherlich allowing them to describe typical monophasic profiles. The models contain kinetic fermentation parameters that can be used in conjunction with substrate degradability information and digesta passage rate to calculate extent of substrate degradation in the rumen or hindgut. Thus, models link the in vitro gas production technique to nutrient supply in the animal by providing information relating to digestion and nutritive value of feedstuffs.

scholarly journals Improving ensiling characteristics by adding lactic acid bacteria modifies in vitro digestibility and methane production of forage-sorghum mixture silage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chatchai Kaewpila ◽  
Pongsatorn Gunun ◽  
Piyawit Kesorn ◽  
Sayan Subepang ◽  
Suwit Thip-uten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Design Factor ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Randomized Design

AbstractImproving the nutrition of livestock is an important aspect of global food production sustainability. This study verified whether lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant could promote ensiling characteristics, nutritive value, and in vitro enteric methane (CH4) mitigation of forage sorghum (FS) mixture silage in attacking malnutrition in Zebu beef cattle. The FS at the soft dough stage, Cavalcade hay (CH), and cassava chip (CC) were obtained. The treatments were designed as a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. Factor A was FS prepared without or with CH, CC, and CH + CC. Factor B was untreated or treated with Lactobacillus casei TH14. The results showed that all FS mixture silages preserved well with lower pH values below 4.0 and higher lactic acid contents above 56.4 g/kg dry matter (DM). Adding LAB boosted the lactic acid content of silages. After 24 h and 48 h of in vitro rumen incubation, the CC-treated silage increased in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) with increased total gas production and CH4 production. The LAB-treated silage increased IVDMD but decreased CH4 production. Thus, the addition of L. casei TH14 inoculant could improve lactic acid fermentation, in vitro digestibility, and CH4 mitigation in the FS mixture silages.

scholarly journals Determination of in vitro rumen digestibility and potential feed value of tiger nut varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ayaşan ◽  
E. Sucu ◽  
I. Ülger ◽  
H. Hızlı ◽  
P. Cubukcu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.), or chufa, is a plant that is found in nature and is cultivated for its edible tubers. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition, nutritive value, and in vitro digestibility of three tiger nut varieties using the in vitro gas production technique. These varieties were Sarışeker (yellow), Introduction 1, and Balyumru (brown). Rumen fluid was obtained from two cannulated Holstein animals. Time-dependent in vitro gas production was monitored at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours of incubation. The varieties differed in dry matter (DM), crude ash (CA), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), and non-fibre carbohydrate (NFC) content (P <0.05). They also differed in the instantaneous volume of gas produced and in time-dependent gas production. Balyumru produced more gas at the onset of incubation than Introduction 1 and Sarışeker. However, over time, the gas produced by digestion of Introduction 1 exceeded the other two varieties. The amounts of gas produced at each time-point were intercorrelated. It is recommended that these results should lead to further evaluation in in vivo studies. Keywords: chemical composition, energy content, in vitro gas production

A comparison between in vitro digestibility, in situ degradability and a gas production technique for predicting the in vivo digestibility of whole-crop wheat

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 33-35
Author(s):  
A. T. Adesogan ◽  
E. Owen ◽  
D. I. Givens
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Laboratory Techniques

Several published reports on the nutritive value of whole-crop wheat (WCW) have been based on estimations from laboratory techniques, some of which were developed for grass silage. However, there is little information on the accuracy of such estimations. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of predicting the in vivo digestibility of WCW from various less animal-dependent techniques.

scholarly journals Pre-incubation of ruminal inocula to assess in vitro gas production and digestibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Cantet ◽  
Darío Colombatto ◽  
Marisa Wawrzkiewicz ◽  
Gustavo Jaurena
Keyword(s):  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Fermentative Activity ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACT: In vitro gas production techniques represent a valuable tool to describe the kinetics of ruminal degradation of food. However, the ruminal liquor used as a microbial inoculum has been a great source of variation and error. A standardization of this factor should contribute to assure the independence of food fermentation parameters from those of the inocula. In this research it was hypothesized that a controlled pre-incubation treatment of ruminal liquor could contribute to stabilize and homogenize the undigested residues of blanks and as a consequence, of the production of residual cumulative gas production (CGP). A pre-incubation (i.e. previous real incubation) of rumen inocula was developed with a simple substrate similar to the diet offered to donors at 1% w/v for 0, 1, 2 and 4 h (Control, Prei-1, Prei-2 and Prei-4 treatments respectively). Once the pre-incubation hours were completed, they were incubated with contrasting substrates and without substrate (i.e. blanks) in order to evaluate the CGP, in vitro digestibility of the DM and fermentation products. Although, the fermentative activity of the pre-incubated inoculums worked satisfactorily in the in vitro system, contrary to what was speculated, residues of the pre-incubation increased the variability and heterogeneity of variances among blanks. Consequently, it was concluded that the pre-incubations did not work to generate more homogeneous and less variable ruminal liquor for the in vitro gas production system.

Preservation of wet rice straw using urea and molasses in monsoon of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
R. Sultana ◽  
D. K. Jamee ◽  
S. Islam ◽  
S. M. A. Islam ◽  
M. R. Amin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Physical Quality

An experiment of treated and ensiled wet rice straw with urea and molasses was performed to explore the chemical composition, physical quality, in vitro digestibility and its potentiality as a quality feed for ruminants. In this experiment, plastic containers were used to preserve chopped wet rice straw under airtight condition based on the treatment as T1 (wet rice straw only), T2 (straw with 5% molasses), T3 (straw with 5% urea), T4 (straw with 5% urea and 5% molasses) and T5 (straw with 10% urea and 5% molasses) to analyze chemical composition, physical quality, metabolizable energy (ME) content, in vitro organic matter digestibility (OMD) and in vitro gas production (IVGP) at five different ensiling times of 0, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days. The physical quality (color, smell, softness characteristics) of wet rice straw was improved with urea and molasses treatment. Treatments T5 was found better as there was no fungal growth till 90 days of ensiling. The addition of urea and molasses improved the physical quality, nutritive value and preservation quality of wet rice straw. Urea and molasses treated and ensiled (T5) straw showed better color, nutritional quality, softness and longer preservation capacity compared with all treatments followed by T4, T2 and T3. The crude protein (CP) content was increased (P<0.05) but the crude fibre (CF), dry matter (DM), ash contents and ether extract (EE) were decreased (P<0.05) in all of the treatments (T2, T3, T4 and T5) compared to control (T1). The OMD, IVGP and ME contents were increased in all of the treatments (T2, T3, T4 and T5) compared to control (T1). The highest OMD, IVGP and ME values were observed in treatment T5 and the lowest values were in control (T1) Through the Consideration of all the chemical and physical properties, among all of the treatments, 10% urea and 5% molasses are found acceptable for the preservation of rice straw. Thus, environment friendly and cost effective feed can be formulated.

scholarly journals PSIX-11 In vitro fermentation parameters of defatted hemp samples at different levels of irrigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 422-423
Author(s):  
Aghata Silva ◽  
Aaron Norris ◽  
Arturo Franco ◽  
Felipe H De Moura ◽  
Mozart Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
P Value ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the influence of defatted hemp under three irrigation regimes (0, 100, and 200 mm: DF0, DF1, and DF2 respectively) on in vitro fermentation parameters relative to alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Fermentation kinetics was accessed through in vitro gas production technique. Two ruminally cannulated Angus steers were used as inoculum donors in four incubation runs. For each incubation, four 160-mL serum bottles containing 200 mg of air-dried samples were incubated in 14 mL of buffering media and 4 mL of rumen inoculum. Each incubation spanned 48h with gas production measured at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48-h post-incubation. In vitro true digestibility of dry matter (IVTDMD) and organic matter (IVTOMD), total gas production (TGP), metabolizable energy (ME) and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) were determined. Hemp and alfalfa were compared via orthogonal contrast using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS (version 9.4) with treatment as fixed effect and run as a random. Relative to alfalfa (Alf) hemp displayed increased TGP (P &lt; 0.01; 31.1 vs. 27.47 mL) that remained following correction for DM and OM (P ≤ 0.05). Similarly, IVTDMD and IVTOMD were higher for hemp (P &lt; 0.01; 77.7 vs. 70.2% and 81.7 vs. 73.9%). Hemp yielded slightly higher ME (P = 0.03) but equivalent total VFA production when compared to Alf (P = 0.62), even when corrected for DM and OM. Irrigation at 200 mm decreased TGP and fermentability of fat-extracted hemp (p-value). Results also indicate that irrigation at its highest level is detrimental to the availability of ME for rumen microbes, but not with the expense of the in vitro digestibility (IVTDMD and IVTOMD) nor in total VFA produced. In conclusion, defatted hemp samples appear to have greater digestibility and ME with equivalent VFA production relative to alfalfa.

scholarly journals Nutritive value for ruminants of two herbaceous South American native legumes: Adesmia bicolor and Adesmia macrostachya

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Vileta ◽  
M. Grosso ◽  
M. Fondevila
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
South American ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Production Coefficient

Chemical composition, in vitro fermentation and in situ degradability of the native South American legumes Adesmia bicolor and A. macrostachya were studied at vegetative (VG), flowering (FW) and seeding (SD) stages, and compared with those of alfalfa at 10% flowering (AL) in two separate studies. In A. bicolor, crude protein (CP) content was highest for FW, and FW and SD showed higher values than did AL (P < 0.05). At all stages, A. bicolor showed a lower content of neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre than did AL (P < 0.05). The maximum gas production (Coefficient b) was highest for FW, and no differences were recorded between SD and AL, the lowest value being for VG (P < 0.05). The effective dry matter degradability was higher for FW and VG than for SD and AL (P < 0.05), whereas effective CP degradability tended (P = 0.077) to be higher for FW than for the other stages of A. bicolor, but no differences between FW and AL were detected. A. macrostachya had lower CP content (P < 0.001), but its VG and FW stages also had lower proportions of neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and acid detergent lignin (P < 0.01) than did AL. Chemical and fermentation parameters were affected by maturity of A. macrostachya. The effective dry matter degradability was higher for VG and FW than for SD and AL (P < 0.001), but no differences were apparent on the effective CP degradability. A. bicolor showed a high nutritive value, which was even higher than that of AL, and the maturity stage of this species did not markedly affect its nutritive value, whereas the nutritive value of A. macrostachya reduced as it matured.

scholarly journals Chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and gas production characteristics of six ficus species based diets with Panicum maximum in the dry season

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
T. O. Abegunde ◽  
O. J. Babayemi ◽  
A. O. Akinsoyinu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Production Characteristics

The nutritive value of Ficus exasperata, F. polita, f. vogelli, F. ahutilifolia, F. thonningii, und F. mucoso in mixtures with 30% Punicum maximum were investigated in terms of their chemical composition, saponins, phenols, in vitro gus production (IVGP), metabolizuble energy (ME), organic matter digestibility (OMD%) and short chain fatty acids (SCFA). Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was significantly (P<0.05) lowest in E thoningii. Saponin was detected in F politu, while Phenol was detected in all Ficus species except F. poliiu und F. thonningii. WVGP, ME, OMD and SCFA obtained for all Ficus species were significantly (P<0.05) higher than values obtained for F. mucoso. Least value for soluble 'a' fraction of the samples was recorded for A mucoso (5.76), similar to values obtained for E thonningii (7.17), F. abutilifoliu (7.92) and F exasperula (7.92). Potential gas production 'b'values differed significantly (p<0.05) among E exasperata (50.50), I vogelli (43.92) and f mucoso (37.25), but was similar among E polita (46.17), E. thonningii (44.83) and F. abutilifolia (44.50). Potentially degradable a+b' fructions for all ficus species except F. mucuso were similar und significantly (P<0.05) higher than F mucoso. Rate of fermentation 'c' differed significantly (P<0.05) henveen F exasperata (0.06) and E mucoso (0.04). Data from this study showed that ull Ficus species except Ficus mucoso had potential to be used as forage supplements in the dry season. 

Producción de metano in vitro y parámetros fermentativos de mezclas de ensilado de girasol silvestre y pasto elefante, inoculadas o no con cepas de bacterias ácido-lácticas epífitas

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 789-810
Author(s):  
Vilma Amparo-Holguín ◽  
Mario Cuchillo-Hilario ◽  
Johanna Mazabel ◽  
Steven Quintero ◽  
Siriwan Martens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Production Values ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Protein Supply

The present investigation was carried out to determine the extent of the incorporation of Tithonia diversifolia (TD) and the possibility of blending it with Pennisetum purpureum (PP) to obtain the maximum benefit for ensilability and for animal nutrition. Silage mixtures of wild sunflower (TD) and elephant grass (PP) were evaluated based on chemical composition, quantification of gas production, methane release and fermentation parameters. The silage blends were arranged in four T. diversifolia / P. purpureum proportions, namely: 100/0; 67/33; 33/67; and 0/100 (fresh weight). Silages with higher proportions of T. diversifolia increased crude protein content, in vitro digestibility while decreasing NDF and ADF fractions (P<0.05). High amounts of T. diversifolia showed the lowest gas production values (160.2 ml), while treatments with higher grass inclusion produced a greater amount of gas up to 194.5 ml. Methane production was higher by increasing the proportion of P. purpureum into the silage blends. The silage inoculum did not have any impact on in vitro gas production (P<0.05). Also, higher proportions of T. diversifolia reduced acidification process while P. purpureum inclusion facilitated lower pH values. Lactic acid bacteria inoculum tended to decrease pH of silages but no clear effects on silage temperature were observed. Silages with high proportions of T. diversifolia (67 % of inclusion) would be more palatable for animals and might also translate into larger animal performance due to greater protein supply and better digestibility than silages with larger proportion of P. purpureum (67 and 100 % of inclusion).

scholarly journals An Illustrative Analysis of Atypical Gas Production Profiles Obtained from In Vitro Digestibility Studies Using Fecal Inoculum

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1069
Author(s):  
Mewa S. Dhanoa ◽  
Secundino López ◽  
Christopher D. Powell ◽  
Ruth Sanderson ◽  
Jennifer L. Ellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Growth Functions ◽  
Mitscherlich Equation ◽  
Standard Response ◽  
Time Information

Gas production profiles typically show a monotonically increasing monophasic pattern. However, atypical gas production profiles exist whereby at least two consecutive phases of gas production or additional extraneous features that distort the typical profile are present. Such profiles are more likely to occur with the use of a fecal inoculum and are much less well described. The presence of multiple phases or non-descript extraneous features makes it difficult to apply directly recommended modeling approaches such as standard response functions or classical growth functions. To overcome such difficulties, extensions of the Mitscherlich equation and a numerical modeling option also based on the Mitscherlich are explored. The numerical modeling option uses an estimate of relative rate obtained from the smoothed data profile and an estimate of maximum gas produced together with any lag time information drawn from the raw data to construct a simple Mitscherlich equation. In summary, this article illustrates the analysis of atypical gas production profiles obtained using a fecal inoculum and explores the methodology of numerical modeling to reconstruct equivalent typical growth-like trends.

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