scholarly journals The Effects of Substituting Dietary Soybean Meal with Maize Grain on Milk Production in Dairy Goats

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Luca Rapetti ◽  
Gianluca Galassi ◽  
Andrea Rota Graziosi ◽  
Gianni Matteo Crovetto ◽  
Stefania Colombini
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Maize Grain

In view of better environmental sustainability, livestock diets must not exceed protein requirements, as often happens with lactating goats reared in semi-intensive systems. The aim of this experiment was to verify in real-breeding conditions the influence of two diets with different protein contents (% crude protein (CP) on dry matter (DM)): 16.0 (high-protein diet; HP) vs 12.2 (low-protein diet; LP) on milk production in dairy goats. The diets differed only in the replacement—in the LP diet—of 250 g soybean meal with 250 g maize grain meal. Twenty-three Alpine goats were divided into two groups and used in a cross-over feeding trial for 2 months. Animals were weighed at the beginning of each month of the trial, and feed intake and milk yield and composition were recorded weekly. HP and LP did not differ statistically for milk yield and composition (3.32 vs 3.42 kg milk/d, 3.21% vs 3.27% fat, 3.31% vs 3.27% protein for HP and LP, respectively), but the HP diet determined a higher milk urea content (51.2 vs 36.6 mg/dL, p < 0.001) and a worse efficiency of nitrogen utilization (28.0% vs 37.2%). In conclusion, the LP diet resulted in a reduction of urinary nitrogen excretion by 28% and of the feed cost by about 10%.

scholarly journals Dietary Starch Concentration Affects Dairy Sheep and Goat Performances Differently during Mid-Lactation

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1222
Author(s):  
Mondina Francesca Lunesu ◽  
Mauro Decandia ◽  
Giovanni Molle ◽  
Alberto Stanislao Atzori ◽  
Giovanni Cristoforo Bomboi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrates ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Condition Score

Evolution of milk production, body reserves and blood metabolites and their relationships with dietary carbohydrates were compared in 30 Sarda dairy ewes and 26 Saanen dairy goats in mid-lactation. From 92 to 152 ± 11 days in milk (DIM), each species was allocated to two dietary treatments: high-starch (HS: 20.0% starch, on DM basis) and low-starch (LS: 7.8% starch, on DM basis) diets. In mid-lactating goats, the HS diet increased fat-corrected milk yield (FCM (3.5%); 2.65 vs. 2.53 kg/d; p = 0.019) and daily milk net energy (NEL; p = 0.025), compared to the LS diet. The body condition score (BCS) was not affected. In mid-lactating ewes, the LS diet increased FCM (6.5%) (1.47 vs. 1.36 kg/d; p = 0.008), and NEL (p = 0.008), compared to the HS diet. In addition, BCS was greater in HS than in LS ewes (3.53 vs. 3.38; p = 0.008). Goats had a higher growth hormone (GH) and lower insulin concentration than ewes (GH: 2.62 vs. 1.37 ng/mL; p = 0.04; insulin: 0.14 vs. 0.38 µg/L; p < 0.001 in goats and ewes, respectively). In conclusion, in mid-lactation, the two species responded differently to dietary carbohydrates, probably due to differences in the concentration of GH and insulin. The HS diet favored milk yield in goats and body reserve accumulation in ewes. In ewes, the partial replacement of starch with highly digestible fiber increased energy partitioning in favor of milk production.

scholarly journals Partial replacement of corn by forage cactus in the diets of lactating goats

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julianne Santiago Silva Goveia ◽  
Veronaldo Souza de Oliveira ◽  
Gladston Rafael De Arruda Santos ◽  
Karla Dias Antunes Melo ◽  
Aline Guimarães de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Daily Milk Production

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of the partial replacement of corn by forage cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck) in the diets of lactating goats on the nutrient intake, milk production and composition and ingestive behavior. Five crossbreed Saanen x Pardo Alpina goats with body weights of 47 ± 3.3 kg were used in the study. The design was 5x5 Latin square design, in which the treatments were as follows: 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40% of girl cactus included in the diet as a partial replacement of corn, with 0, 18, 36, 54 and 72% of the added the cactus comprising of gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq) Walp) as roughage in all treatments. Treatment did not affect (P > 0.05) the dry matter intake, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients with the increasing levels of cactus in the diet, presenting means of 1.64, 0.26, 0.82, 0.54 and 1.17 kg day-1, respectively. In the same way, no influence was observed on the daily milk production and levels of fat, protein, lactose and total solids of milk, which averaged 1.18 kg day-1; 3.74, 3.34, 5.06 and 13.56%, respectively. The inclusion of cactus also had no influence (P > 0.05) on the ingestion behavior. The treatment with 35% cactus showed a lower impairment of food intake (31%). The partial replacement of the corn by the girl cactus in the diets of dairy goats can be accomplished because it does not alter the intake, milk yield and composition and feeding behavior. The replacement of up to 54% corn by the cactus is recommended to reduce producer costs for food.

Starch sources and concentration in diet of dairy goats affected ruminal pH and fermentation, and inflammatory response

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1640
Author(s):  
Yizhao Shen ◽  
Fangfang Zhao ◽  
Lihuai Yu ◽  
Wenzhu Yang ◽  
Mengzhi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Increased Risk

Corn and wheat grains are two starch sources with considerably different ruminal digestion rates, which may lead to differing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) release in both rumen and hindgut affecting animal production. The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate the effects of different ruminal and faecal LPS concentrations induced by starch source (corn vs wheat) and starch concentrations (low vs high) on DMI, ruminal pH, ruminal fermentation patterns, milk production, and inflammatory responses; and (2) evaluate the possible translocation site of LPS in dairy goats. Eight lactating dairy goats with ruminal cannulas were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Each experimental period consisted of 24 days long including 21 days for adaption and 3 days for data and sample collection. The four treatment diets were: corn and wheat grain combined with low (LS) and high grain starch (HS). Goats were fed equal amounts of a total mixed ration twice daily at 0700 hours and 1900 hours. Replacing corn with wheat in goat diet led to longer (P &lt; 0.02) duration of ruminal pH &lt;5.6, higher ruminal LPS (P &lt; 0.05), but lower faecal LPS concentration. However, no differences between two grains in ruminal pH (mean, minimum and maximum), volatile fatty acids (VFA) and lactic acid concentration were observed. Goats fed HS diets had lower (P &lt; 0.01) ruminal pH and higher (P &lt; 0.01) ruminal concentrations of VFA and lactic acid, as well as higher (P &lt; 0.01) ruminal and faecal LPS concentrations. Starch source did not affect DMI, milk yield and milk components whereas feeding HS versus LS diet had higher milk yield, lactose yield and improved milk efficiency (P &lt; 0.05). Feeding wheat- versus corn-based diet showed only greater (P &lt; 0.05) concentration of toll-like receptor-4, whereas feeding the HS versus LS diet consistently increased blood concentrations of amyloid A, haptoglobin, LPS binding protein, and LPS (P &lt; 0.05). Analysis of Pearson correlation coefficients illustrated that the ruminal LPS concentration is more important than faecal LPS in inflammatory responses. In conclusion, replacing corn with wheat in lactating goat diet had negative impact on ruminal pH but little effects on fermentation characteristics and milk production. Increasing the dietary concentration of starch decreased ruminal pH status and thus increased risk of acidosis, whereas, feeding HS versus LS diets resulted in an improvement in milk yield, milk efficiency, and immunity response. Moreover, rumen acidosis induced by wheat based diet was accompanied with more severe inflammatory responses.

The effects of feeding different starch sources and concentrations on milk production of high yielding Holstein cows

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 192-192
Author(s):  
R.E. Lawson ◽  
A.R. Moss ◽  
C. Rymer ◽  
J.S. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Starch Concentration ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Ground Wheat

Mansbridge (1995) reported that replacing ground wheat with a mix of ground wheat and maize grain increased milk protein concentration, which led the authors to speculate that increased inclusion of maize grain increased rumen by-pass starch. Indeed, de Visseret al(1990) reported that feeding less rapidly degradable starches has led to increased milk protein concentration.The objective of this study was to examine the effects of starch concentration and source on feed intake, milk yield and milk composition of dairy cows.

Milk production in concurrently pregnant and lactating goats mated out of season

1988 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher H. Knight ◽  
Colin J. Wilde
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Mammary Cell ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Stage Yield

SummaryFive lactating goats which had kidded normally in March were mated during seasonal anoestrus in May, at the time of peak milk production, after ovulation had been induced using gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (Knight et al. 1988). Milk yield was unaffected by the hormone treatment, and decreased at the same rate as that of control (non-pregnant) goats for the first 8 weeks of the pregnancy. Thereafter yield declined more quickly in the test goats and just before parturition (in October) was 57% of the control value. Following parturition in the test animals, yield rose rapidly as the second lactation was established. None became ‘dry’ at any stage. Yield continued to decline with advancing lactation in the controls, which were mated normally in October or November and dried-off in December. During their second (‘extra’) lactation in the winter the test animals produced 12% less than in a normal second lactation in summertime; during the year the extra lactation meant that the test animals produced 73% more milk than the controls. In some, a second concurrent pregnancy was established during the extra lactation, with the resuit that three lactations were obtained in the time normally taken for two. Mammary cell number and proliferation rate were both higher in the pregnant animals than in the controls in week 23 of the first lactation.

scholarly journals Milk production in Saanen goats treated with repeated low doses of intermediate-release insulin during early lactation

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Bezerra de Menezes ◽  
Maria Gorete Flores Salles ◽  
Cleidson Manoel Gomes da Silva ◽  
César Carneiro Linhares Fernandes ◽  
Giovanna Galeati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Intermediate Acting Insulin

ABSTRACT: The effect of insulin administration on the productive responses of Saanen goats during early lactation was investigated. Ten of 20 adult females were subjected to subcutaneous administration of intermediate-acting insulin (0.14UI/kg body weight) at 2, 9, and 14 days postpartum. Milk yield was measured twice daily for 13 weeks and milk samples were collected to measure protein and fat contents. Plasma levels of progesterone, insulin, non-esterifies fatty acids, glucose and other metabolites were measured. Results showed a significantly increased effect of insulin treatment on the content of milk fat and protein; moreover, milk production in the first and second postpartum weeks were higher than control group. The peak of lactation in the insulin group was achieved one week earlier in comparison to the control group. In addition, the milk production rate showed lower persistency (milk yield 13 week/milk yield at peak) in the same group. During the first four weeks of postpartum, treated animals showed greater weight loss and higher non-esterified fatty acid concentration, whereas no effect was observed on the concentration of progesterone and other metabolites. The above results indicated that repeated administration of insulin in dairy goats during early lactation increase yield and qualitative components of milk, but has substantial consequences on animal productive rate and metabolic response.

The effect of hot season and nutrition on the oxidative status and metabolic profile in dairy goats during mid lactation

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 717-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Di Trana ◽  
P. Celi ◽  
S. Claps ◽  
V. Fedele ◽  
R. Rubino
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Metabolites ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Hot Season

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the hot season and nutrition on the oxidative status and metabolic profile of lactating goats during mid lactation. Twenty-four Red Syrian goats were allocated into three groups that were offered the following diets: natural pasture (P), pasture+500 g/h per day of concentrate (PC) and hay plus 500 g/h per day of concentrate (HC). Blood samples were taken in spring (85±7 days in milk (DIM)) and summer (120±7 DIM) and assayed for reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs), α-tocopherol, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids, total protein, albumin and globulin concentrations and glutathione peroxidase (GHS-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Milk yield and milk composition were also measured. SOD, GSH-Px and ROMs levels increased during summer when temperature humidity index values were high. The increase in ROMs in the PC and HC groups could be ascribed to the improved nutritional regime and to their higher production level. The markers of the oxidative status and of the metabolic profile measured in this study indicate that goats may have experienced moderate oxidative stress. It seems that, seasonal rather than nutritional factors have a more pronounced effect on oxidative status markers. Concentrate supplementation sustained milk yield and may represent a useful means to extend the lactation period in dairy goats during late spring and summer.

scholarly journals Potential Benefits of Boswellia sacra Resin on Immunity, Metabolic Status, Udder and Uterus Health, and Milk Production in Transitioning Goats

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 900
Author(s):  
Nesrein M. Hashem ◽  
Amr S. Morsy ◽  
Yosra A. Soltan ◽  
Sobhy M. Sallam
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Interleukin 1Β ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Boswellia Sacra

As an attempt to prevent transition-period-associated metabolic disorders and/or diseases, the potential benefits of Boswellia sacra (Bs) resin on hematology, immunity, metabolic status, udder and uterus health biomarkers, and milk production were examined in transitioning goats. From 2 weeks prepartum to 7 weeks postpartum, goats (n = 7/treatment) orally received 0 (control, nBS), 2 (BsL), or 4 (BsH) g of Bs resin/goat/day. The results showed that both Bs treatments significantly improved the activity of phagocytes. Both Bs treatments significantly decreased the concentrations of blood plasma urea, non-esterified fatty acids, hydroxybutyric acid, and interleukin-1β, whereas they increased the total antioxidant capacity compared with the nBS treatment. Both Bs treatments significantly decreased the uterine horn diameter and tended to decrease the intrauterine fluid content, indicating improved uterine involution compared with no treatment. Compared with the nBS treatment, both Bs treatments significantly decreased the milk somatic cell count. The lowest milk interleukin-1β content was observed in goats that received the BsL treatment, followed by those that received the BsH and nBS treatments. The BsL treatment significantly increased the concentration of immunoglobulin M (IgM) in the colostrum compared with the other treatments. Both Bs treatments significantly increased the daily milk yield compared with the nBS treatment but did not affect milk composition or the fat-to-protein ratio. In conclusion, supplementing lactating goats in the transition period with Bs resin at a dose of 2 g/goat/day positively affected the body lipid metabolism, udder and uterus health, colostrum IgM content, and milk yield due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

scholarly journals Influence of lactation number and parity on milk yield of Saanen goat’s breed

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 923-928
Author(s):  
R. Ralević ◽  
T. Papović ◽  
I. Pihler ◽  
D. Kučević ◽  
M. Ivković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Dairy Goats

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to determine the influence of lactation number and parity on milk yield of Saanen goat’s breed. It has been concluded that milk yield was higher for goats that had given birth to twins and three kids than for goats that had given birth to a single kid (P<0.05). The longevity has a great positive impact on production, given that goats in the fifth lactation produced more milk than goats in first or second lactation (P<0.05), while goats in the sixth lactation still produced more milk than goats in first lactation (P<0.05). During the period from 2014- 2019, the research was conducted on a farm of multiparous Saanen goats in Vojvodina (northern part of Serbia). In the observed period, the farm had between 350 and 400 goats per milking, and the research included a total of 1,628 concluded lactations, within which the first lactations were the most 484, then the second 381. According to the number of lactations, goats were grouped into classes from one to seven and from one to three for parity. By comparing each individual lactation, it was determined that in first lactation goats produced significantly lower milk than goats in the rest lactations(P<0.05), except the seventh. Research has shown that lactation number has a significant influence on milk yield (P=0.00). Increasing the fertility of goats significantly affects the production capacity of dairy goats, since does with a larger number of kids in the litter had a significantly higher milk production (P<0.05). Due to the larger number of kids in the litter, milk production also increases. Likewise, it is assumed that the increase in milk yield of goats with two and three kids is a consequence of a larger placenta, i.e. stronger lactogenic activity during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Factors affecting goat milk yield and its composition

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 465-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ciappesoni ◽  
JPřibyl ◽  
M. Milerski ◽  
V. Mareš
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Model Equations ◽  
Daily Milk

The aim of the paper was to prove the accuracy of various statistical models of vari&shy;ance analysis for estimation of systematic factors that influence milk yield and fat and protein content in dairy goats. Data on daily milk production recorded by methods AT, AC or A4 for the population of Czech White Shorthaired Goats over 1992&ndash;2002 was used for calculations. A total of 78 736 test day from 6 234 goats were analysed. Average daily milk production was 3.09 kg with 3.72% of fat and 2.84% of protein. Variability of examined traits was significantly influenced by effects of herd-year or herd-test day, litter size, parity, season of kidding, stage of lactation and the combined effect parity-year-season of kidding. The variants of model equations in which complex effects of herd-year were replaced by effects of herd-test day showed higher values of reliability for the three traits analysed. &nbsp;

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document