Starch sources and concentration in diet of dairy goats affected ruminal pH and fermentation, and inflammatory response

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1640
Author(s):  
Yizhao Shen ◽  
Fangfang Zhao ◽  
Lihuai Yu ◽  
Wenzhu Yang ◽  
Mengzhi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Increased Risk

Corn and wheat grains are two starch sources with considerably different ruminal digestion rates, which may lead to differing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) release in both rumen and hindgut affecting animal production. The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate the effects of different ruminal and faecal LPS concentrations induced by starch source (corn vs wheat) and starch concentrations (low vs high) on DMI, ruminal pH, ruminal fermentation patterns, milk production, and inflammatory responses; and (2) evaluate the possible translocation site of LPS in dairy goats. Eight lactating dairy goats with ruminal cannulas were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Each experimental period consisted of 24 days long including 21 days for adaption and 3 days for data and sample collection. The four treatment diets were: corn and wheat grain combined with low (LS) and high grain starch (HS). Goats were fed equal amounts of a total mixed ration twice daily at 0700 hours and 1900 hours. Replacing corn with wheat in goat diet led to longer (P < 0.02) duration of ruminal pH <5.6, higher ruminal LPS (P < 0.05), but lower faecal LPS concentration. However, no differences between two grains in ruminal pH (mean, minimum and maximum), volatile fatty acids (VFA) and lactic acid concentration were observed. Goats fed HS diets had lower (P < 0.01) ruminal pH and higher (P < 0.01) ruminal concentrations of VFA and lactic acid, as well as higher (P < 0.01) ruminal and faecal LPS concentrations. Starch source did not affect DMI, milk yield and milk components whereas feeding HS versus LS diet had higher milk yield, lactose yield and improved milk efficiency (P < 0.05). Feeding wheat- versus corn-based diet showed only greater (P < 0.05) concentration of toll-like receptor-4, whereas feeding the HS versus LS diet consistently increased blood concentrations of amyloid A, haptoglobin, LPS binding protein, and LPS (P < 0.05). Analysis of Pearson correlation coefficients illustrated that the ruminal LPS concentration is more important than faecal LPS in inflammatory responses. In conclusion, replacing corn with wheat in lactating goat diet had negative impact on ruminal pH but little effects on fermentation characteristics and milk production. Increasing the dietary concentration of starch decreased ruminal pH status and thus increased risk of acidosis, whereas, feeding HS versus LS diets resulted in an improvement in milk yield, milk efficiency, and immunity response. Moreover, rumen acidosis induced by wheat based diet was accompanied with more severe inflammatory responses.

scholarly journals Milk production in Saanen goats treated with repeated low doses of intermediate-release insulin during early lactation

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Bezerra de Menezes ◽  
Maria Gorete Flores Salles ◽  
Cleidson Manoel Gomes da Silva ◽  
César Carneiro Linhares Fernandes ◽  
Giovanna Galeati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Intermediate Acting Insulin

ABSTRACT: The effect of insulin administration on the productive responses of Saanen goats during early lactation was investigated. Ten of 20 adult females were subjected to subcutaneous administration of intermediate-acting insulin (0.14UI/kg body weight) at 2, 9, and 14 days postpartum. Milk yield was measured twice daily for 13 weeks and milk samples were collected to measure protein and fat contents. Plasma levels of progesterone, insulin, non-esterifies fatty acids, glucose and other metabolites were measured. Results showed a significantly increased effect of insulin treatment on the content of milk fat and protein; moreover, milk production in the first and second postpartum weeks were higher than control group. The peak of lactation in the insulin group was achieved one week earlier in comparison to the control group. In addition, the milk production rate showed lower persistency (milk yield 13 week/milk yield at peak) in the same group. During the first four weeks of postpartum, treated animals showed greater weight loss and higher non-esterified fatty acid concentration, whereas no effect was observed on the concentration of progesterone and other metabolites. The above results indicated that repeated administration of insulin in dairy goats during early lactation increase yield and qualitative components of milk, but has substantial consequences on animal productive rate and metabolic response.

scholarly journals The Effects of Substituting Dietary Soybean Meal with Maize Grain on Milk Production in Dairy Goats

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Luca Rapetti ◽  
Gianluca Galassi ◽  
Andrea Rota Graziosi ◽  
Gianni Matteo Crovetto ◽  
Stefania Colombini
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Maize Grain

In view of better environmental sustainability, livestock diets must not exceed protein requirements, as often happens with lactating goats reared in semi-intensive systems. The aim of this experiment was to verify in real-breeding conditions the influence of two diets with different protein contents (% crude protein (CP) on dry matter (DM)): 16.0 (high-protein diet; HP) vs 12.2 (low-protein diet; LP) on milk production in dairy goats. The diets differed only in the replacement—in the LP diet—of 250 g soybean meal with 250 g maize grain meal. Twenty-three Alpine goats were divided into two groups and used in a cross-over feeding trial for 2 months. Animals were weighed at the beginning of each month of the trial, and feed intake and milk yield and composition were recorded weekly. HP and LP did not differ statistically for milk yield and composition (3.32 vs 3.42 kg milk/d, 3.21% vs 3.27% fat, 3.31% vs 3.27% protein for HP and LP, respectively), but the HP diet determined a higher milk urea content (51.2 vs 36.6 mg/dL, p < 0.001) and a worse efficiency of nitrogen utilization (28.0% vs 37.2%). In conclusion, the LP diet resulted in a reduction of urinary nitrogen excretion by 28% and of the feed cost by about 10%.

scholarly journals Influence of lactation number and parity on milk yield of Saanen goat’s breed

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 923-928
Author(s):  
R. Ralević ◽  
T. Papović ◽  
I. Pihler ◽  
D. Kučević ◽  
M. Ivković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Dairy Goats

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to determine the influence of lactation number and parity on milk yield of Saanen goat’s breed. It has been concluded that milk yield was higher for goats that had given birth to twins and three kids than for goats that had given birth to a single kid (P<0.05). The longevity has a great positive impact on production, given that goats in the fifth lactation produced more milk than goats in first or second lactation (P<0.05), while goats in the sixth lactation still produced more milk than goats in first lactation (P<0.05). During the period from 2014- 2019, the research was conducted on a farm of multiparous Saanen goats in Vojvodina (northern part of Serbia). In the observed period, the farm had between 350 and 400 goats per milking, and the research included a total of 1,628 concluded lactations, within which the first lactations were the most 484, then the second 381. According to the number of lactations, goats were grouped into classes from one to seven and from one to three for parity. By comparing each individual lactation, it was determined that in first lactation goats produced significantly lower milk than goats in the rest lactations(P<0.05), except the seventh. Research has shown that lactation number has a significant influence on milk yield (P=0.00). Increasing the fertility of goats significantly affects the production capacity of dairy goats, since does with a larger number of kids in the litter had a significantly higher milk production (P<0.05). Due to the larger number of kids in the litter, milk production also increases. Likewise, it is assumed that the increase in milk yield of goats with two and three kids is a consequence of a larger placenta, i.e. stronger lactogenic activity during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Factors affecting goat milk yield and its composition

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 465-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ciappesoni ◽  
JPřibyl ◽  
M. Milerski ◽  
V. Mareš
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Model Equations ◽  
Daily Milk

The aim of the paper was to prove the accuracy of various statistical models of vari&shy;ance analysis for estimation of systematic factors that influence milk yield and fat and protein content in dairy goats. Data on daily milk production recorded by methods AT, AC or A4 for the population of Czech White Shorthaired Goats over 1992&ndash;2002 was used for calculations. A total of 78 736 test day from 6 234 goats were analysed. Average daily milk production was 3.09 kg with 3.72% of fat and 2.84% of protein. Variability of examined traits was significantly influenced by effects of herd-year or herd-test day, litter size, parity, season of kidding, stage of lactation and the combined effect parity-year-season of kidding. The variants of model equations in which complex effects of herd-year were replaced by effects of herd-test day showed higher values of reliability for the three traits analysed. &nbsp;

Effects of increasing supplementation levels of rice bran on milk production and fatty acid composition of milk in Saanen dairy goats

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Park ◽  
E. G. Kwon ◽  
C.-H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Forage Intake

In this study, the effects of four dietary supplementation levels of rice bran (RB) on milk yield and composition were examined in Saanen dairy goats. Four goats (initial bodyweight, 55.0 ± 7.1 kg) and four 21-day periods were used in a 4 × 4 Latin-square design. The diets contained 0, 5, 10, and 20% DM of RB, but were otherwise formulated to be 10.7 MJ metabolisable energy/kg and 18.8% crude protein/kg DM. Goats consumed the greatest amount of DM feed concentrate when fed the 5% RB diet (P < 0.01); however, DM forage intake was not significantly different between diets. Total DM intake of the 5% RB diet was significantly higher than that of the control diet (P < 0.05). Milk yield was the lowest from goats fed the 20% RB (P < 0.01). The protein concentration of milk was significantly lower in goats fed the control and 5% RB diets than in those fed the 10 and 20% RB diets (P < 0.01). However, milk protein production was not significantly different between diets. The concentration of fat in milk increased as the supplementation level of RB increased, although fat production did not differ between diets. The addition of RB increased the concentration of long-chain fatty acids (C16 and C18) in goat milk. No significant difference was found in milk lactose concentration between diets. Overall, the results indicate that RB supplements of up to 10% have no adverse effects on DM intake and milk production in dairy goats.

Influence of forage: concentrate ratio and type of starch in the diet on feeding behaviour, dietary preferences, digestion, metabolism and performance of dairy goats in mid lactation

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Abijaoudé ◽  
P. Morand-Fehr ◽  
J. Tessier ◽  
P. Schmidely ◽  
D. Sauvant
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
And Performance ◽  
C 30

AbstractIn a 12-week trial, 12 Alpine and 12 Saanen dairy goats in mid lactation were housed in individual stalls for behavioural, digestive and metabolic studies. Eight of them were fitted with ruminal cannulae. They were offered ad libitum four complete diets CR, CS, FR and FS (450 g dry matter (DM) per kg) in a 4✕4 Latin-square design. Forage: concentrate ratio was either low (C = 30: 70) or high (F = 55: 45) and starch source either rapidly (R, barley) or slowly (S, maize) degraded in the rumen.Diet preferences were tested. DM intake, chewing activities and performance were determined. Ruminal pH and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) concentrations were measured. Goats were also challenged intravenously with glucose (0·2 g/kg live weight) to assess glucose homeostasis.CR was the most preferred diet. The level of intake differed according to the type of starch (2·2 kg DM per day of CR and FR and 2·0 kg DM per day of CS and FS). FS lowered ruminal pH significantly less than the other diets after the meal. Ruminal NH3-N concentrations were lower in goats given CR and CS than FR and FS. Goats’ resistance to a glucose challenge was not different among diets. Milk yield was 2·00, 1·85, 2·01, 1·85 kg/day on CR, CS, FR and FS respectively. Milk fat content decreased significantly with diets rich in concentrate (24 v. 26 g/kg milk) but milk protein content varied only a little.In conclusion it appears that (1) higher forage: concentrate ratios were less preferred and decreased ruminal acidity but increased daily chewing, ruminal NH3-N and milk fat content; and (2) rapidly degraded starch increased intake, ruminal acidity and milk yield.

Milk production, milk composition, and reproductive function of dairy cows fed different fats

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. V. Petit ◽  
R. J. Dewhurst ◽  
J. G. Proulx ◽  
M. Khalid ◽  
W. Haresign ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Flaxseed Meal ◽  
Fat Supplements

Thirty-five non-gestating multiparous Holstein cows averaging 571 kg of BW (SE = 8) were allotted at 9 wk postpartum to one of two dietary fat supplements based on either Megalac® (Volac Ltd., Roston, Hertfordshire, UK) and solvent extracted flaxseed meal (MEGA) or whole flaxseed treated with formaldehyde (FLAX) to determine the effects on milk production and composition, follicular development, gestation rate, and fatty acid (FA) composition of blood. Cows were fed a total mixed diet based on ryegrass silage and fat supplements for ad libitum intake. The experiment was carried out between weeks 9 and 19 of lactation. Dry matter (DM) intake and change in body weight were similar for cows fed MEGA and FLAX. Milk production was higher for cows fed MEGA than for those fed FLAX (19.8 vs. 18.6 kg d–1) as was 4% fat-corrected milk yield (22.9 vs. 20.2 kg d–1). Increased fat mobilization could have contributed to increased milk yield when cows were fed MEGA compared with when they were fed FLAX as plasma concentrations of non-esterified FA and cholesterol increased more from weeks 9 to 19 of lactation for cows fed MEGA. Milk fat percentage tended (P = 0.06) to be greater for cows fed MEGA (4.62%) compared with those fed FLAX (4.37%). Milk protein percentage was higher for cows fed FLAX (3.09%) than for those fed MEGA (2.95%), indicating that formaldehyde protection of flaxseed was adequate to partly prevent ruminal degradability of protein in the seed. Milk fatty acid concentrations of C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C14:1, C18:0, C18:3, and C20:5 were higher for cows fed FLAX than for those fed MEGA while the inverse was observed for C16:0, C16:1, C18:1, and C18:2. Cows fed FLAX had lower blood concentrations of C16:0 than those fed MEGA. There was a significant interaction (P < 0.05) between week and diet for C18:0 and C18:2 with a decrease in C18:0 blood concentration for cows fed MEGA and an increase for those fed FLAX between weeks 9 and 19, while the inverse was observed for C18:2. Blood concentrations of C18:1 were similar for both treatments. Conception rate was significantly lower for cows fed MEGA (50.0%) compared to those fed FLAX (87.5%). Diet had no effect on the size of the largest and second largest follicles, or on the difference between the diameter of the largest and second largest follicles. The number of class 1 (1.09 vs. 0.86), 2 (1.33 vs. 0.86), and 3 (1.28 vs. 0.98) follicles was similar for MEGA and FLAX although the total number (3.70 vs. 2.70) of follicles tended (P = 0.09) to be greater for cows fed MEGA than for those fed FLAX. These data suggest that dietary FA have an effect on gestation rate, but this could not be explained by differences in follicle dynamics or number. However, additional trials with greater numbers of animals are needed to confirm the reproductive results. Key words: Dairy, flaxseed, milk production, reproduction, fatty acids

scholarly journals Sustainable Management of Voluntary Culling Risk in Primiparous Zaraibi Goats in Egypt: Roles of Season and Reproductive and Milk Production-Related Traits

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2342
Author(s):  
Ali Ali El-Raghi ◽  
Mahmoud A. E. Hassan ◽  
Ibrahim T. El-Ratel ◽  
Nesrein M. Hashem ◽  
Sameh A. Abdelnour
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Birth Season ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

The purpose of the current study is to reconnoiter the relationships between season (birth season, BS, and kidding season, KS), reproductive traits (birth weight, BW; total litter size at birth, TLS; litter size at weaning, LSW; the number of kids dead, NKD, and; age at first kidding, AFK) and milk production (total milk yield, TMY; average daily milk yield, DMY, and; lactation period, LP), with voluntary culling risk in primiparous Zaraibi goats. Records of 637 primiparous does were collected during the period 2008–2014 from a herd of Zaraibi goats raised at the El-Serw Experimental Station, which belongs to the Animal Production Research Institute. Our data revealed that the voluntary and involuntary culling was 89.12% and 10.88%, respectively. Moreover, the BW, TLS, LSW, NKD, TMY, DMY, LP, AFK had significant effects on culling risk (p < 0.05), while both the season of birth and kidding did not exhibit significant effects on culling risk. The thinnest goats at birth were more likely to be culled compared to those with body energy reserves. Does with weaned twins and triplets kids were 9.5% (OR = 0.905) and 43% (OR = 0.570), respectively less likely to be culled compared to those with singles. Likewise, does with dead twins and triplets kids had 2.566 and 2.138 times, respectively higher odds of culling compared to those with singles. Interestingly, culling risk decreased with 74.6% (OR = 0.254), 79.8% (OR = 0.202), and 75.6% (OR = 0.244) in does with TMY, LP, and DMY more than 230 kg, 260 days, and 0.800 kg, respectively compared to their counterparts (less than 185 kg, 240 day, and 0.500 kg, respectively). Moreover, culling risk increased steadily along with increasing AFK; the animals with an AFK of more than 24 months had 2.974 times higher odds of culling compared to those with an AFK that varied between 22 and 24 months. It could be concluded that the most critical issues for higher culling probability in dairy goats were attributed to the lower TMY (<185 kg) and DMY (<0.5 kg), and shorter LP (<245 days), as well as older age at first kidding (>2 years). This putative information could be used as indicators to enhance the management and genetic approaches in dairy goats and thus sustain productivity with low cost.

scholarly journals Machine milking of dairy goats during lactation: udder anatomy, milking characteristics, and blood concentrations of oxytocin and prolactin

1994 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupert M. Bruckmaier ◽  
Chantal Ritter ◽  
Dieter Schams ◽  
Jürg W. Blum
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Milk Ejection ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
The Third ◽  
Milk Flow

SummaryForty-four goats were milked and milk flow recorded without or with 1 min manual prestimulation in early, mid and late lactation. Ultrasound measurements of cross sections of the whole mammary gland were performed in a water bath. In additional experiments with 15 goats, milk flow was recorded and frequent blood samples were taken for the determination of oxytocin and prolactin concentrations. Milk yield increased from the first to the third lactation and decreased markedly during the course of lactation. Average and peak milk flow rates were closely related to the actual milk yield. The ultrasound cisternal area was 27·4±1·5% of the entire udder half cross section. Milking characteristics were scarcely different without or with prestimulation, although oxytocin was released within 30 s after the start of prestimulation, whereas oxytocin concentrations without prestimulation increased only after the start of milking. Concentrations of prolactin were higher during July and August than in April, and increased similarly with or without prestimulation during milking. In contrast to dairy cows, prestimulation and an opportune release of oxytocin during milking does not significantly influence the course of milk flow in goats, and this is probably because large amounts of cisternal milk allow milk ejection to be induced only after the start of milking without causing bimodal or otherwise reduced milk flow.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and effect of gastrointestinal nematodes on dairy goats in Argentina

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor H. Suarez ◽  
Gabriela M. Martínez ◽  
Alberto E. Viñabal ◽  
José R. Alfaro
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Faecal Egg Counts ◽  
Harmful Effects

The aim of this work was to study the epidemiology and harmful effects of gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) on dairy goats maintained in an intensive system. Two groups of goats were studied: untreated group (UG) (subdivided into UGjun goats that kidded in June, and UGjul goats that kidded in July) and treated group (TG) (with no subgroups, treated with monepantel: 3.75 mg/kg, orally, monthly). Eggs per gram (epg) in faeces were counted, faecal culture was performed to differentiate nematode genera and milk production was measured. Differences between groups were compared using least squares means analysis of variance (milk production and milking period length) and Kruskal–Wallis test (faecal egg counts). Nematode infection was moderate, with Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus being the dominant genera; the faecal egg counts reached the level of 2000 only once throughout the study. Goats that kidded in June had higher egg count after parturition (UGjun = 1564 epg), with significant differences (p < 0.04) from those that still had not kidded (UGjul = 962 epg). Over the entire trial period, the mean total milk production of TG (399.5 L ± 34.0 L) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of UG (281.6 L ± 37.5 L), representing an increase of 41.8% in total milk yield. The results of this study show a post-partum peak in egg count and a negative effect of GINs on milk yield, even with moderate infections.

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