scholarly journals Effect of Increasing Dietary Aminoacid Concentration in Late Gestation on Body Condition and Reproductive Performance of Hyperprolific Sows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Senén Seoane ◽  
Pasquale De Palo ◽  
José Manuel Lorenzo ◽  
Aristide Maggiolino ◽  
Pablo González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid ◽  
Ideal Protein ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine ◽  
The Ideal

A total of 62 highly prolific Danbred sows was used to evaluate the implications of increasing dietary amino acid (AA) concentration during late gestation (from day 77 to 107 of pregnancy) on body condition and reproductive performances. Sows were assigned to one of the two treatments (n = 31, with similar number of sows in the second-, third- and fourth-cycle); control diet (containing 6 g of standardized ileal digestible lysine -SID Lys-)/kg) and high AA level (containing 10 g SID Lys/kg and following the ideal protein concept for the remaining essential AA). On day 108 of pregnancy, animals were moved to the farrowing-lactating facilities where they spent until weaning receiving a common standard lactation diet. After farrowing, litters were standardized to 13 piglets each. At 107 d of gestation, backfat depth was thicker in sows fed high AA concentration than in those fed control diet (p < 0.0001) but these significant differences disappeared at weaning (p > 0.05). Additionally, at farrowing, the litter size (p = 0.043) and weight (p = 0.017) were higher in sows fed high AA level. It can be concluded that the increase in the AA content in the feed during the last month of gestation could improve the body condition of the sows and their performance results.

scholarly journals 88 Benefits of increasing amino acid intake in late gestation in prolific sows

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 76-76
Author(s):  
Ron Ball ◽  
Crystal L Levesque ◽  
D J Cadogan
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Amino Acid Levels ◽  
The Many

Abstract Most sows are fed a constant energy and amino acid supply throughout gestation, in line with the recommendations of most authorities and swine genetic companies. These recommendations for sow feeding have seen little change in decades, despite the many ways that sows have changed dramatically in reproductive performance. Beginning in about the year 2000, sow litter size has steadily increased as a result of genetic selection. With this increase in litter number has been a steady decline in birth weight, and the resulting negative effects of lower birthweight on subsequent piglet performance. Many experiments using so-called ‘bump’ feeding, or increased energy intake in late gestation, have been conducted in attempts to arrest this decline in birthweight and piglet performance. Generally, these experiments have shown little to no improvement in birthweight and often have negative effects on sow feed intake during gestation. These experiments have ignored the fact that the energy:amino acid ratios (lysine, threonine, isoleucine, tryptophan) in late gestation are different than during early and mid-gestation. In recent research in Australia we hypothesised that rapidly increasing essential amino acid levels in late gestation would increase birth weight and potentially improve subsequent reproductive performance. Three hundred and thirty-four multiparous PIC sows (average parity 3.6, average LW 261 kg) were housed in a dynamic gestation pen after mating and randomly assigned to one of two diet regimes. Two 13.5 MJ/kg DE gestation diets were formulated and created by blending in an ESF. The Control diet contained 0.48 g SID lysine per MJ DE and SID threonine, methionine+ cysteine, isoleucine and tryptophan at 68%, 65%, 58% and18% of SID lysine and offered at 2.2kg/day from d 28 to d 110. Sow were then moved to the farrowing house and placed on a lactation diet at 3.5kg/d. The Treatment diet contained 0.55 g SID lysine/MJ DE and SID threonine, methionine+cysteine, isoleucine and tryptophan at 78%, 65%, 60% and 20% of SID lysine and offered at 2.1kg/d from d 28 to d 85 and then increased to 2.4 kg/d to d 110 d. Increasing essential amino acid levels in late gestation increased gestational weight gain (5.6 kg, P=0.004), increased total litter birth weight (1.25 kg, P=0.003), and increased the birthweight of liveborn pigs from 1.286 to 1.329 kg, (P=0.04). There was no significant effect on the total number born or born alive. Piglet performance is not available because this commercial farm practices cross-fostering. Effects of continuation of this feeding regime in the same sows during subsequent parities is currently being evaluated.

An optimal dietary amino acid pattern for growing pigs

1997 ◽  
Vol 1987 ◽  
pp. 91-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Wang ◽  
M. F. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Amino Acid Pattern ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid ◽  
Ideal Protein ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid ◽  
The Ideal

An animal's rate of protein accretion (or nitrogen retention) is determined by the most deficient (or first limiting) amino acid in the diet, in a perfectly balanced (or ideal) protein all essential amino acids and the sum of the non-essential amino acids are equally limiting. If a dietary protein had any amino acids in excess of the ideal pattern, then the removal of any of the excess should not affect nitrogen retention. This principle was used to determine the ideal dietary amino acid pattern for growing pigs.Three nitrogen balance trials were carried out with a total of 64 gilts of weight from 30 to 55 kg. Casein and a mixture of amino acids were used in the semi-purified diets. The animals were given the diets at the rate of 93 g/kg BW0.75/d in three equal meals mixed with 0.3 L water. The feeding times were 08.30, 12.30 and 17.30. All pigs received their experimental diets for 7 days, made up of 3 days preliminary and a 4-day collection, except that the preliminary period before the first collection in the first period was 7 days. Before the first collection bladder catheters were introduced.

EFFECTS OF SOW NUTRITION IN LATE GESTATION ON THE BODY COMPOSITION AND SURVIVAL OF THE NEONATAL PIG

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. OKAI ◽  
F. X. AHERNE ◽  
R. T. HARDIN
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Neonatal Pig ◽  
Feeding Regimen ◽  
Sow Nutrition

One hundred and two sows were fed either 2.0 kg/day (C–L) or ad libitum a control diet (C–H) or diets containing 10% added sucrose (SU) or 10% stabilized tallow (TA) from day 100 of gestation until parturition. Level of nutrient intake or source of energy in the sows’ diet did not significantly influence the number or weight of pigs born or the number of pigs weaned. The survival of pigs of less than 1.0 kg birthweight was significantly greater for sows fed the C–H diet. At weaning, pigs from sows fed the SU diet were significantly (P < 0.05) heavier than those from sows receiving the other three treatments. Pigs from the sows fed TA were heavier (P < 0.05) at weaning than those from sows fed C–L or C–H. There were no significant differences in the proximate composition of the colostrum from sows on any of the four treatments. Proximate carcass composition of the pigs at birth, 24 or 48 h of age was similar for pigs from all four sow treatments. The fatty acid content of the carcass lipid of the newborn pig was not significantly affected by sow feeding regimen. Carcass proximate analyses and fatty acid content of the carcass lipid were significantly (P < 0.01) affected by age of pig at slaughter.

scholarly journals Reproductive performance of Santa Inês ewes fed protected fat diet

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 663-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Lopes Dias da Costa ◽  
Reginaldo da Silva Fontes ◽  
Eduardo Antonio da Cunha ◽  
Mauro Sartori Bueno ◽  
Celia Raquel Quirino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Santa Inês ◽  
Lambing Rate ◽  
Diet Supplementation

The objective of this work was to evaluate the reproductive performance of Santa Inês ewes fed a diet supplemented with protected fat. Intervals from lambing to first clinical estrus and to conception, conception rate, prolificacy, live weight and body condition were determined. After lambing, 60 ewes and their offsprings were weighted and randomly assigned to three treatments, based on age, body weight and number of born lambs. Treatments consisted of: control diet, or control diet plus 30 g of protected fat, from lambing to day 25 of post-lambing (Sup25), or to day 60 of post-lambing (Sup60). Out of 60 evaluated ewes, 93.3% returned to estrus, and 74.5% got pregnant, with 73.53% lambing rate and 196.5 days lambing interval. The average periods from lambing to first estrus were 32.4, 27.2 and 35.5 days for ewes fed the control diet, Sup25, and Sup60, respectively. The intervals from lambing to conception were 45.2, 46.5 and 45.2 days, and the supplemented diets did not show differences in comparison to the control diet. Supplementation with protected fat to well-nourished Santa Inês ewes does not improve their reproductive performance.

Pre-mating herbage intake and the reproductive performance of north Country Cheviot ewes in different levels of body condition

1991 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Gunn ◽  
W. F. Smith ◽  
A. J. Senior ◽  
E. Barthram ◽  
D. A. Sim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Mating Period ◽  
The North ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Body Condition Scores

ABSTRACTOver 4 years, a flock of mature North Country Cheviot ewes was grazed on different swards between weaning in August and mid October to achieve a range of condition scores at 5 weeks before mating (post-weaning period). During the subsequent 5 weeks before a synchronized mating (pre-mating period), all ewes were grazed on a perennial ryegrass/white clover sward, provided at high (H) or low (L) herbage masses (1600 to 2100 or 1200 to 1400 kg dry matter (DM) per ha, respectively). Ovulation rate was derived from the number of corpora lutea in 101 ewes slaughtered after first mating. Conception and lambing rates were derived from the number of lambs born to first mating of 406 ewes. In 2 out of the 4 years, 79 ewes were used to estimate herbage intake.There was no effect of post-weaning management on reproductive performance. Herbage intake and reproductive performance were examined in relation to the body condition of the ewes at 5 weeks before mating. On an H herbage mass pre-mating, herbage intake in the period immediately prior to mating was greatest in ewes in low body condition and declined significantly with increasing condition. On an L herbage mass pre-mating, herbage intake did not vary significantly with condition. Ovulation rate was low in ewes in low body condition (scores =≤·25) at 5 weeks before mating, increased significantly with increasing condition up to scores 2·50/2·75 but did not change significantly above such intermediate scores. Conception and lambing rates increased significantly with increasing body condition up to scores 2·50/2·75 and then decreased significantly as condition increased above these levels. These effects of body condition were greater on an L herbage mass pre-mating than they were on an H herbage mass. Ewes in the intermediate body condition scores of 2·50 and 2·75 at 5 weeks before mating had a low sensitivity to contemporary nutrition pre-mating. Such condition levels are therefore considered to be above the range of condition in the North Country Cheviot breed within which reproductive response is affected by contemporary nutrition pre-mating.The lower reproductive performance of ewes in high body condition (scores 3=3·00) at 5 weeks before mating was related to an increase in estimated ova and embryo loss and may be associated with a reduced herbage intake.

scholarly journals Responses of Vaginal Microbiota to Dietary Supplementation with Lysozyme and its Relationship with Rectal Microbiota and Sow Performance from Late Gestation to Early Lactation

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Shengyu Xu ◽  
Yanpeng Dong ◽  
Jiankai Shi ◽  
Zimei Li ◽  
Lianqiang Che ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Early Lactation

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary lysozyme (LZM) supplementation on the vaginal microbiota, as well as the relationship between vaginal microbiota and the fecal microbiota of rectum and the reproductive performance of the sow. A total of 60 Yorkshire × Landrace sows (3–6 of parity) were arranged from day 85 of gestation to the end of lactation in a completely randomized design with three treatments (control diet, control diet + lysozyme 150 mg/kg, control diet + lysozyme 300 mg/kg). The results showed that sows fed with lysozyme increased serum interleukin-10 (IL-10, p < 0.05) on day 7 of lactation. The vaginal microbiota varied at different taxonomic levels with LZM supplementation by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The most representative changes included a decrease in Tenericutes, Streptococcus, Bacillus and increase in Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Enterococcus, and Lactobacillus (p < 0.05). There were 777 OTUs existing in both, vaginal and fecal microbiota. The addition of LZM also decreased the abundance of Tenericutes (p < 0.05) in the vagina and feces. The changes in the microbiota were correlated in some cases positively with the performance of the sow, for example, Bacillus in feces was positively correlated with the neonatal weight (p < 0.05). These results indicate that the addition of lysozyme to the diet of sow during perinatal period promote the change of vaginal bacterial community after farrowing. The variations in vaginal microbiota are also associated with the changes in the fecal microbiology of the rectum and the reproductive performance of the sow. Therefore, it is concluded that dietary supplementation with lysozyme in sows in late gestation stage until early lactation, is beneficial to establish vaginal microbiota that seems to promote maternal health and reproductive performance.

scholarly journals Effects of Maternal Fiber Intake on Intestinal Morphology, Bacterial Profile and Proteome of Newborns Using Pig as Model

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Ying He ◽  
Xie Peng ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Qing Wu ◽  
Qiang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Newborn Piglets

Dietary fiber intake during pregnancy may improve offspring intestinal development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of maternal high fiber intake during late gestation on intestinal morphology, microbiota, and intestinal proteome of newborn piglets. Sixteen sows were randomly allocated into two groups receiving the control diet (CD) and high-fiber diet (HFD) from day 90 of gestation to farrowing. Newborn piglets were selected from each litter, named as CON and Fiber group, respectively. Maternal high fiber intake did not markedly improve the birth weight, but increased the body length, the ileal crypt depth and colonic acetate level. In addition, maternal high fiber intake increased the -diversity indices (Observed species, Simpson, and ACE), and the abundance of Acidobacteria and Bacteroidetes at phylum level, significantly increased the abundance of Bradyrhizobium and Phyllobacterium at genus level in the colon of newborn piglets. Moreover, maternal high fiber intake markedly altered the ileal proteome, increasing the abundances of proteins associated with oxidative status, energy metabolism, and immune and inflammatory responses, and decreasing abundances of proteins related to cellular apoptosis, cell structure, and motility. These findings indicated that maternal high fiber intake could alter intestinal morphology, along with the altered intestinal microbiota composition and proteome of offspring.

scholarly journals Effects of body condition on the reproductive performance of Red Sokoto goats.

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
B. B. A. Taiwo ◽  
V. Buvanendran ◽  
I. F. Adu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Red Sokoto Goat

Effects of the body condition on the litter size, birth weight and kids survival of Red Sokoto goat were examined using seventy eight does aged 1-3 years. The does were flushed by grazing on cultivated pastures in the morning, and when indoor, they were served 500gm of concentrate ration per head per day. Their body conditions were assessed. All does used in this study fell within the body condition 1 with a mean body weight of 20.7kg and the body condition 2 with a mean weight of 24.1kg on a condition scale where 1 is poor and 2 is fair. They were randomly assigned to six sire groups and making lasted ten weeks. All does were reared as a group before and after parturition until the kids were weaned at 12 weeks. Does on condition score 2 significantly higher litter size (1.74) reared more kids to weaning (0.68) and were superior to does on condition score 1in overall productivity measured as number of kids weaned (89.21 vs 45.85%) or weight of kids weaned per doe kidding (4.92 vs 2.40kg). Does on the condition score 2 were twice condition score 1. The large difference in productivity would seem to justify investments in nutrition to breeding does prior to mating

Effects of feeding magnesium sulfate to dry pregnant dairy cows with different body condition scores on intake in late gestation, periparturient blood calcium concentrations and production in early lactation

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Subclinical Hypocalcaemia

An experiment was conducted to investigate the interaction between the responses of cows fed magnesium sulfate during late gestation and body condition score (BCS). Cows were fed a total mixed ration before calving and a pasture-based diet in early lactation. Seventy-two cows were fed differentially to achieve target BCS, on an 8-point scale, of about 4, 5 and 6 units, 1 month before calving. Cows were individually fed a total mixed ration of maize silage, crushed barley, canola meal and barley straw at about 1.6 kg dry matter (DM)/100 kg liveweight during the 27 days, on average, before parturition. In each BCS treatment, half the cows were fed 105–155 g magnesium sulfate (depending on liveweight) in the last 3 weeks while the remaining cows were provided with 18–27 g magnesium oxide, maintaining similar levels of magnesium in both diets.The dietary cation–anion difference of the control and magnesium sulfate diets averaged +5.1 and –5.5�cmol(+)/kg, respectively, while urine pH values were 6.4 and 5.4, respectively. The cows fed the control diet, on average, calved in better condition (P<0.05) than those fed magnesium sulfate (BCS at calving were 5.1 and 4.7 units for the control and the magnesium sulfate treatments, respectively). The feed intake of cows that did not receive magnesium sulfate was maintained until the day before calving whereas the feed intake of cows fed magnesium sulfate declined sharply from about a week before calving, and was always lower (P<0.05) than the control group. During the 4 weeks before parturition, the cows in the medium BCS group generally consumed more DM than did those in the other 2 BCS treatments (8.9 v. 7.4 and 8.2 kg DM/cow.day; P<0.05). During the 2 days before calving, all cows had similar intakes (7.7 kg DM/cow.day; P>0.05). The control diet resulted in lower concentrations of total blood serum calcium but only immediately after calving (1.90 v. 2.02 mmol/L; P<0.05). The production data indicated that magnesium sulfate had no effect (P>0.05) on either milk yield or milk composition even though the use of magnesium sulfate reduced the incidence of subclinical hypocalcaemia from 64 to 46%. However, there was a positive relationship between BCS at calving and milk fat concentration (P<0.05). There were no significant (P>0.05) interactions between dietary additives and the BCS of the cows. In conclusion, the use of magnesium sulfate resulted in the relative maintenance of blood calcium concentrations, reducing the incidence of subclinical hypocalcaemia at calving, while having a negative effect on intake before calving. However, these effects were not translated into benefits in animal production.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary arginine supplementation on reproductive performance and immunity of sows

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Che ◽  
P. Yang ◽  
Z. Fang ◽  
Y. Lin ◽  
D. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Large White ◽  
Immunological Parameters

Arginine (Arg) is considered to have beneficial effects on placental development and function, as well as reproductive performance. The well-developed placenta is highly required in late gestation for rapid fetal growth, however, it is unknown if there is a crucial role of Arg in late gestation. Likewise, the immunological response of sows to Arg needs to be determined. Therefore, this study is designed to investigate the effects of dietary Arg supplementation on reproductive performance and immunity of sows. At day 30 of gestation, sixty sows (Landrace &times; Large White) were allocated to 3 groups receiving corn and soybean-based control diet (control group, n = 20), control diet supplemented with 1% l-arginine HCl until day 90 of gestation (Arg90 group, n = 20), and control diet supplemented with 1% l-arginine HCl until day 114 of gestation (Arg114 group, n = 20), respectively. Litter performance was recorded at parturition. Blood samples (n = 6) collected at days 30, 90, and 110 of gestation were measured for metabolic and immunological parameters. At parturition, total litter size was not affected by dietary Arg supplementation. As a result of less pigs born dead, however, sows in Arg114 group had more pigs born alive than sows in control group (+1.6 pigs, P &lt; 0.05), total and live litter weights were increased (+1.6~2.1 kg, P &lt; 0.05) in Arg114 group relative to both control and Arg90 groups. Compared with control group, dietary Arg supplementation increased (+12~110%, P &lt; 0.05) plasma levels of ornithine, proline, and arginine at either day 90 (Arg90 and Arg110 groups) or day 110 of gestation (Arg110 group). Moreover, immune response was enhanced in Arg-supplemented sows, as indicated by the increased levels of serum immunoglobulin and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) antibody. These findings indicate dietary Arg supplementation can improve litter performance and immune response, and the beneficial effect of Arg on fetal growth is evident in late gestation.

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