scholarly journals Maternal Exposure to T-2 Toxin Induces Changes in Antioxidant System and Testosterone Synthesis in the Testes of Mice Offspring

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Jiakun Shen ◽  
Aneela Perveen ◽  
Niaz Kaka ◽  
Zhaojian Li ◽  
Pengyuan Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Maternal Exposure ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Trichothecene Mycotoxin ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
Gene Expression Levels ◽  
Testosterone Synthesis

T-2 toxin, the most toxic member of trichothecene mycotoxin, is widely distributed in cereals, and has been extensively studied, but few studies focus on the toxicity of maternal exposure to offspring. This study focused on the effects of maternal exposure to T-2 toxin (during gestation and lactation) on the testicular development of mice offspring. Dams were orally administered with T-2 toxin at 0, 0.005, or 0.05 mg/kg body weight from the late stage of gestation to the end of lactation. Testicular samples of the mice offspring were collected on the postnatal day 21, 28, and 56. The results showed significant decreases in body weight and testicular weight on the postnatal day 28. Moreover, significant inhibition of antioxidant system and testosterone synthesis was detected on the postnatal day 28. Furthermore, there were significant decreases in the gene expression levels of StAR and 3β-HSD, which are involved in testosterone synthesis. In general, present results demonstrated that maternal exposure to T-2 toxin during gestation and lactation led to bad effects on the capacity of antioxidant system and inhibited testosterone synthesis in testes during pre-puberty with no significant effects on post-puberty.

scholarly journals Testicular Melatonin and Its Pathway in Roe Deer Bucks (Capreolus capreolus) during Pre- and Post-Rut Periods: Correlation with Testicular Involution

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1874
Author(s):  
Alberto Elmi ◽  
Nadia Govoni ◽  
Augusta Zannoni ◽  
Martina Bertocchi ◽  
Chiara Bernardini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Melatonin Receptors ◽  
Local Synthesis ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
And Function ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

Roe deer are seasonal breeders with a complete yearly testicular cycle. The peak in reproductive activity is recorded during summer, the rutting period, with the highest levels of androgens and testicular weight. Melatonin plays a pivotal role in seasonal breeders by stimulating the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonads axis and acting locally; in different species, its synthesis within testes has been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological melatonin pattern within roe deer testes by comparing data obtained from animals sampled during pre- and post-rut periods. Melatonin was quantified in testicular parenchyma, along with the genetic expression of enzymes involved in its local synthesis (AANAT and ASMT) and function (UCP1). Melatonin receptors, MT1-2, were quantified both at protein and gene expression levels. Finally, to assess changes in reproductive hormonal profiles, testicular dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was quantified and used for a correlation analysis. Melatonin and AANAT were detected in all samples, without significant differences between pre- and post-rut periods. Despite DHEA levels confirming testicular involution during the post-rut period, no correlations appeared between such involution and melatonin pathways. This study represents the first report regarding melatonin synthesis in roe deer testes, opening the way for future prospective studies in the physiology of this species.

308 TESTICULAR DEVELOPMENT IN PREPUBERTAL JERSEY BULL CALVES IMMUNIZED AGAINST INHIBIN

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
G. M. Schuenemann ◽  
S. M. L. C. Mendis-Handagama ◽  
S. A. Kania ◽  
N. R. Rohrbach ◽  
F. M. Hopkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Volume Calculation ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Absolute Volume ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
Antibody Titers

Previous studies have shown that immunization against inhibin (INH) in bull calves increased subsequent sperm production (Martin et al. 1991 Biol. Reprod. 45, 73; Bame et al. 1996 Biol. Reprod. 54, 328). The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of gonadotropin administration at initiation of inhibin immunization in bull calves on testicular morphology. The study was performed using the inhibin peptide (bovine inhibin α1–26) conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Primary treatments administered to Jersey bull calves (initial immunization at 27 ± 5 days of age; Day 1 of the experimental period) consisted of control (KLH, 250 µg, n = 9) or immunization (INH; 500 μg INH: 250 µg KLH, n = 9) with each emulsified in 2 mL of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Booster immunizations (identical preparation in FCA) occurred every 21 days with the last administration on Day 84 of the trial. Subsets of calves were randomly assigned within primary treatments (TRT) to receive saline (1 mL, n = 3/TRT), FSH (20 mg, n = 3/TRT), or GnRH (50 μg, n = 3/TRT) every 8 h (0600, 1400, and 2200 h) from Day 1 to Day 3 of the study. Blood samples were obtained daily from Days 0–14 and weekly until testes collection (Day 91) for FSH, LH, testosterone (T), and determination of antibody titers. Body weight and scrotal circumference (SC) were measured at each immunization and immediately before testes removal. The right testis was weighed and used for absolute volume calculation of cell components per testis. Tissue sections were examined using a light microscope (400×). For each cell type, absolute volume of Sertoli, Leydig, and germ cells were counted according to the point counting method. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure of SAS (SaS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Antibody titers were increased in INH bulls compared to KLH bulls (P < 0.05) during the experimental period. Body weight (89.8 ± 14.2 kg), SC (14.6 ± 1.3 cm), and single testicular weight (19.2 ± 6.2 g) recorded at the end of the experimental period did not differ between treatments. Neither serum concentrations of FSH, LH, and T nor population of Leydig and Sertoli cells differed between treatment groups. However, a significant immunization X hormone treatment interaction was noted for germ cell volume per testis (P < 0.008). Administration of FSH at the time of initial immunization against inhibin significantly increased germ cell population (1.22 ± 0.1 cm3) compared to INH-saline bulls (0.64 ± 0.1 cm3) with INH-GnRH bulls intermediate (0.84 ± 0.1 cm3; P < 0.05). In contrast, germ cell volume was not increased following hormone administration in KLH bulls. These results suggest that gonadotropin administration at the time of inhibin immunization increases germ cell volume in the testis without altering Sertoli and Leydig cell volume.

scholarly journals Antiandrogen Exposure in Utero Disrupts Expression of Desert Hedgehog and Insulin-Like Factor 3 in the Developing Fetal Rat Testis

Endocrinology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 445-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon J. S. Brokken ◽  
Annika Adamsson ◽  
Jorma Paranko ◽  
Jorma Toppari
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Desert Hedgehog ◽  
Patched 1 ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

Testicular development is an androgen-dependent process, and fetal exposure to antiandrogens disrupts male sexual differentiation. A variety of testicular disorders may result from impaired development of fetal Leydig and Sertoli cells. We hypothesized that antiandrogenic exposure during fetal development interferes with desert hedgehog (Dhh) signaling in the testis and results in impaired Leydig cell differentiation. Fetal rats were exposed in utero to the antiandrogen flutamide from 10.5 d post conception (dpc) until they were killed or delivery. Fetal testes were isolated at different time points during gestation and gene expression levels of Dhh, patched-1 (Ptc1), steroidogenic factor 1 (Sf1), cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage (P450scc), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (Hsd3b1), and insulin-like factor 3 (Insl3) were analyzed. To study direct effects of hedgehog signaling on testicular development, testes from 14.5 dpc fetuses were cultured for 3 d in the presence of cyclopamine, sonic hedgehog, or vehicle, and gene expression levels and testosterone secretion were analyzed. Organ cultures were also analyzed histologically, and cleaved-caspase 3 immunohistochemistry was performed to assess apoptosis. In utero exposure to flutamide decreased expression levels of Dhh, Ptc1, Sf1, P450scc, Hsd3b1, and Insl3, particularly from 17.5 dpc onward. Inhibition of hedgehog signaling in testis cultures resulted in similar effects on gene expression levels. Apoptosis in Wolffian ducts was increased by cyclopamine compared with sonic hedgehog- or vehicle-treated cultures. We conclude that exposure to the antiandrogen flutamide interferes with Dhh signaling resulting in an impaired differentiation of the fetal Leydig cells and subsequently leading to abnormal testicular development and sexual differentiation. Antiandrogenic exposure of rat fetuses in utero affects genes that are involved in sexual differentiation of the testis and suppresses sexual maturation.

scholarly journals Arsenic Trioxide Impairs Spermatogenesis via Reducing Gene Expression Levels in Testosterone Synthesis Pathway

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1562-1569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzeon-Jye Chiou ◽  
Sin-Tak Chu ◽  
Woan-Fang Tzeng ◽  
Yu-Chen Huang ◽  
Chi-Jr Liao
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Arsenic Trioxide ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Gene Expression Levels ◽  
Testosterone Synthesis

The effect of aspartame consumption on body weight and ADH1, ADH4, ADH3 gene expression in mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
É Polyák ◽  
K Gombos ◽  
A Gubicskóné Kisbenedek ◽  
S Szekeresné Szabó ◽  
K Bonyárné Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight

Effects of pH stress on antioxidant system enzyme activities and gene expression of Fenneropenaeus chinensis

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun WANG ◽  
Jian LI ◽  
Jitao LI ◽  
Yuying HE ◽  
Zhiqiang CHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Fenneropenaeus Chinensis ◽  
Ph Stress ◽  
Effects Of Ph

scholarly journals Alternative splicing during mammalian organ development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel V. Mazin ◽  
Philipp Khaitovich ◽  
Margarida Cardoso-Moreira ◽  
Henrik Kaessmann
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Organ Development ◽  
Functional Diversification ◽  
Mammalian Genomes ◽  
Species Comparisons ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

AbstractAlternative splicing (AS) is pervasive in mammalian genomes, yet cross-species comparisons have been largely restricted to adult tissues and the functionality of most AS events remains unclear. We assessed AS patterns across pre- and postnatal development of seven organs in six mammals and a bird. Our analyses revealed that developmentally dynamic AS events, which are especially prevalent in the brain, are substantially more conserved than nondynamic ones. Cassette exons with increasing inclusion frequencies during development show the strongest signals of conserved and regulated AS. Newly emerged cassette exons are typically incorporated late in testis development, but those retained during evolution are predominantly brain specific. Our work suggests that an intricate interplay of programs controlling gene expression levels and AS is fundamental to organ development, especially for the brain and heart. In these regulatory networks, AS affords substantial functional diversification of genes through the generation of tissue- and time-specific isoforms from broadly expressed genes.

scholarly journals A Sparse and Low-Rank Regression Model for Identifying the Relationships Between DNA Methylation and Gene Expression Levels in Gastric Cancer and the Prediction of Prognosis

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 854
Author(s):  
Yishu Wang ◽  
Lingyun Xu ◽  
Dongmei Ai
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Rank Regression ◽  
Prediction Of Prognosis ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

DNA methylation is an important regulator of gene expression that can influence tumor heterogeneity and shows weak and varying expression levels among different genes. Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly heterogeneous cancer of the digestive system with a high mortality rate worldwide. The heterogeneous subtypes of GC lead to different prognoses. In this study, we explored the relationships between DNA methylation and gene expression levels by introducing a sparse low-rank regression model based on a GC dataset with 375 tumor samples and 32 normal samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Differences in the DNA methylation levels and sites were found to be associated with differences in the expressed genes related to GC development. Overall, 29 methylation-driven genes were found to be related to the GC subtypes, and in the prognostic model, we explored five prognoses related to the methylation sites. Finally, based on a low-rank matrix, seven subgroups were identified with different methylation statuses. These specific classifications based on DNA methylation levels may help to account for heterogeneity and aid in personalized treatments.

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