308 TESTICULAR DEVELOPMENT IN PREPUBERTAL JERSEY BULL CALVES IMMUNIZED AGAINST INHIBIN

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
G. M. Schuenemann ◽  
S. M. L. C. Mendis-Handagama ◽  
S. A. Kania ◽  
N. R. Rohrbach ◽  
F. M. Hopkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Volume Calculation ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Absolute Volume ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
Antibody Titers

Previous studies have shown that immunization against inhibin (INH) in bull calves increased subsequent sperm production (Martin et al. 1991 Biol. Reprod. 45, 73; Bame et al. 1996 Biol. Reprod. 54, 328). The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of gonadotropin administration at initiation of inhibin immunization in bull calves on testicular morphology. The study was performed using the inhibin peptide (bovine inhibin α1–26) conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Primary treatments administered to Jersey bull calves (initial immunization at 27 ± 5 days of age; Day 1 of the experimental period) consisted of control (KLH, 250 µg, n = 9) or immunization (INH; 500 μg INH: 250 µg KLH, n = 9) with each emulsified in 2 mL of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Booster immunizations (identical preparation in FCA) occurred every 21 days with the last administration on Day 84 of the trial. Subsets of calves were randomly assigned within primary treatments (TRT) to receive saline (1 mL, n = 3/TRT), FSH (20 mg, n = 3/TRT), or GnRH (50 μg, n = 3/TRT) every 8 h (0600, 1400, and 2200 h) from Day 1 to Day 3 of the study. Blood samples were obtained daily from Days 0–14 and weekly until testes collection (Day 91) for FSH, LH, testosterone (T), and determination of antibody titers. Body weight and scrotal circumference (SC) were measured at each immunization and immediately before testes removal. The right testis was weighed and used for absolute volume calculation of cell components per testis. Tissue sections were examined using a light microscope (400×). For each cell type, absolute volume of Sertoli, Leydig, and germ cells were counted according to the point counting method. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure of SAS (SaS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Antibody titers were increased in INH bulls compared to KLH bulls (P < 0.05) during the experimental period. Body weight (89.8 ± 14.2 kg), SC (14.6 ± 1.3 cm), and single testicular weight (19.2 ± 6.2 g) recorded at the end of the experimental period did not differ between treatments. Neither serum concentrations of FSH, LH, and T nor population of Leydig and Sertoli cells differed between treatment groups. However, a significant immunization X hormone treatment interaction was noted for germ cell volume per testis (P < 0.008). Administration of FSH at the time of initial immunization against inhibin significantly increased germ cell population (1.22 ± 0.1 cm3) compared to INH-saline bulls (0.64 ± 0.1 cm3) with INH-GnRH bulls intermediate (0.84 ± 0.1 cm3; P < 0.05). In contrast, germ cell volume was not increased following hormone administration in KLH bulls. These results suggest that gonadotropin administration at the time of inhibin immunization increases germ cell volume in the testis without altering Sertoli and Leydig cell volume.

scholarly journals Maternal Exposure to T-2 Toxin Induces Changes in Antioxidant System and Testosterone Synthesis in the Testes of Mice Offspring

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Jiakun Shen ◽  
Aneela Perveen ◽  
Niaz Kaka ◽  
Zhaojian Li ◽  
Pengyuan Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Maternal Exposure ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Trichothecene Mycotoxin ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
Gene Expression Levels ◽  
Testosterone Synthesis

T-2 toxin, the most toxic member of trichothecene mycotoxin, is widely distributed in cereals, and has been extensively studied, but few studies focus on the toxicity of maternal exposure to offspring. This study focused on the effects of maternal exposure to T-2 toxin (during gestation and lactation) on the testicular development of mice offspring. Dams were orally administered with T-2 toxin at 0, 0.005, or 0.05 mg/kg body weight from the late stage of gestation to the end of lactation. Testicular samples of the mice offspring were collected on the postnatal day 21, 28, and 56. The results showed significant decreases in body weight and testicular weight on the postnatal day 28. Moreover, significant inhibition of antioxidant system and testosterone synthesis was detected on the postnatal day 28. Furthermore, there were significant decreases in the gene expression levels of StAR and 3β-HSD, which are involved in testosterone synthesis. In general, present results demonstrated that maternal exposure to T-2 toxin during gestation and lactation led to bad effects on the capacity of antioxidant system and inhibited testosterone synthesis in testes during pre-puberty with no significant effects on post-puberty.

301 Milk Replacer Biosalt Supplementation for Neonatal Calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 162-162
Author(s):  
David P Casper
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Holstein Calves

Abstract Neonatal Holstein calves may have limited liver bile production and secretion, which could limit fat digestion and absorption. Eighty 2- to 5-d old Holstein bull calves were randomly assigned to one of 4 treatments using a randomized complete block design. Treatments were: 1) BS0: Control, no biosalt added to milk replacer; 2) BW1/2: BS fed at 0.175 g/d; 3) BS1: BS fed at 0.35 g/d; and 4) BS2: BS fed at 0.70 g/d. Calves were fed 2x/d at 0630 and 1800 h along with free choice water and a 22% CP mini-pelleted calf starter. The MR was fed at 0.567 kg/d for d 1–14, then increased to 0.85 kg/d for d 15–35, and feeding reduced to 1x/d for d 36–42 with weaning after d 42 for the 56 d experimental period. Linear, quadratic and cubic responses were found to be nonsignificant (P &gt; 0.10) body weight (BW), BW gains, average daily gain (ADG) and dry matter intake (DMI). Body weight (59.2, 56.6 58.0 and 58.0 kg for BS0, BS1/2, BS1, and BS2, respectively), BW gains (36.5, 33.1, 33.9, and 34.8 kg), ADG (663.6, 602.0, 616.8, and 633,5 g/d) and DMI (1.25, 1.21, 1.23, and 1.23 kg/d) were similar (P &gt; 0.10) for calves fed all treatments. The number of days (37.4, 38,7, 37.9 and 37.5 d) for calves to achieve 0.90 kg/d CS consumption for 3 consecutive d were similar (P &gt; 0.10) among calves fed all treatments. Feed conversion demonstrated a quadratic response (P &lt; 0.05) with calves fed BS0 demonstrating greater (P &lt; 0.05) feed conversions (0.52, 0.45, 0.49 and 0.50 kg BW gain/kg DMI) compared with calves fed BS1/2 with calves fed BS1 and BS2 being intermediate and similar (P &gt; 0.10). Bile salt supplementation to neonatal Holstein calves fed MR did not enhance growth performance.

scholarly journals The Effects of Feed Color on Broiler Performance between Day 1 and 21

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1511
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Gulizia ◽  
Kevin M. Downs
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

Two trials were conducted to determine feed color effects on broiler performance. A completely randomized design was used. Trial 1 included four treatments: control (complete broiler starter diet), red, green, and blue; and Trial 2 included four treatments: control, orange, yellow, and purple. Each trial had 4 treatments with 4 replicates (60 birds/treatment) fed to 240 male Cobb 500 broilers during a 21 d grow out. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure. In Trial 1, there were no treatment effects on average body weight, body weight gain, and feed consumption (p > 0.05). Adjusted feed conversion for control (1.23) was less than red (1.27; p = 0.001) and green (1.26; p = 0.009), with blue (1.25; p = 0.056) tending to be different during the experimental period. In Trial 2, there were no treatment effects on average body weight, feed consumption, and adjusted feed conversion during this study (p > 0.05). Body weight gain between d 1 to 14 for purple (490.78 g/bird) was more than orange (467 g/bird; p = 0.013) and yellow (461 g/bird; p= 0.004), with control (474 g/bird; p = 0.052) tending to be different. Results indicate that these feed colors had some, albeit limited, influence on broiler performance parameters.

Maternal protein restriction in pregnancy and/or lactation affects seminiferous tubule organization in male rat offspring

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 321-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Rodríguez-González ◽  
R. M. Vigueras-Villaseñor ◽  
S. Millán ◽  
N. Moran ◽  
R. Trejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Germ Cell Differentiation ◽  
Maternal Protein Restriction ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation

Maternal protein restriction (MPR) during pregnancy impaired the reproduction of male offspring. We investigated, during the first wave of spermatogenesis, whether MPR exerts deleterious effects on germ cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as androgen receptor (AR) protein expression, which was used as a marker for Sertoli cell (SC) maturation. At the beginning of pregnancy (day 0), dams were fed a control diet (C: 20% casein) or a restricted isocaloric diet (R: 10% casein). After birth, four groups were established: CC, RR, CR and RC (first letter diet during pregnancy and second during lactation). Male offspring were studied at postnatal days 14, 21 and 36. At birth, pup body weight was unchanged. Body weight and testis weight were reduced in RR and CR groups at all ages evaluated. MPR delayed the germinal epithelium development at all ages evaluated. On performing Western blot and immunohistochemistry, AR expression was found to be lower in the three restricted groups. The results suggest that MPR during pregnancy and/or lactation delays SC maturation and germ cell differentiation, and affects intratubular organization. These changes might be responsible for the lower fertility rate at older ages.

scholarly journals Enhanced Sexual Behaviors and Androgen Receptor Immunoreactivity in the Male Progesterone Receptor Knockout Mouse

Endocrinology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 146 (10) ◽  
pp. 4340-4348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna S. Schneider ◽  
Carly Burgess ◽  
Nicole C. Sleiter ◽  
Lydia L. DonCarlos ◽  
John P. Lydon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Gene Deletion ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Androgen Receptor Expression ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Testicular Weight

Reproductive and behavioral functions of progesterone receptors (PRs) in males were assessed by examining consequences of PR gene deletion. Basal hormone levels were measured in male progesterone receptor knockout (PRKO) mice and compared to wild-type (WT) counterparts. RIA of serum LH, testosterone, and progesterone levels revealed no significant differences. Levels of FSH were moderately but significantly lower and inhibin levels were higher in PRKOs; these differences were not accompanied by gross differences in testicular weight or morphology. PRKOs exhibited significant alterations in sexual behavior. In initial tests PRKOs exhibited reduced latency to mount, compared with WT. In second sessions, PRKOs again showed a significantly reduced latency to mount and increased likelihood of achieving ejaculation. RU486 treatment in WT produced increased mount and intromission frequency and decreased latency to intromission. In anxiety-related behavior tests, PRKO mice exhibited intermediate anxiety levels, compared with WT, suggesting that enhanced sexual behavior in PRKOs is not secondary to reduced anxiety. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significantly enhanced androgen receptor expression in the medial preoptic nucleus and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis of PRKO. We conclude that testicular development and function and homeostatic regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary testicular axis are altered to a lesser extent by PR gene deletion. In contrast, PR appears to play a substantial role in inhibiting the anticipatory/motivational components of male sexual behavior in the mouse. The biological significance of this inhibitory mechanism and the extent to which it is mediated by reduced androgen receptor expression remain to be clarified.

Effect of luteolin on the gene level expression of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB in rats subjected to experimental pancreatitis – influence of HSP70

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadanandan Rajapriya ◽  
Arumugam Geetha
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Experimental Pancreatitis ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Pyrin Domain

Abstract Objectives Nod-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is one of the well characterized inflammasome that controls the maturation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and thereby the inflammation in pancreas which could be a promising target for anti-inflammatory drugs. The present study is aimed to explore whether luteolin can target the NLRP3 inflammasome and modulate its activity through the signaling protein, HSP70 in the ethanol-cerulein model of experimental pancreatitis. Methods Male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Groups 1 and 2 rats received normal diet. Groups 3 and 4 rats received isocalorically adjusted diet containing ethanol for 5 weeks and cerulein (20 μg/kg body weight i.p., thrice weekly for the last 3 weeks of the experimental period). Additionally, group 2 and 4 rats received 2 mg/kg body weight of luteolin orally from third week. Results Luteolin co-administration decreased the serum levels of HSP70, oxidative stress markers, myeloperoxidase, GSH/GSSG and GST with concomitant downregulation in the mRNA expression of HSP70, caspase-1, ASC-NLRP3 and NF-κB. Spearman’s rank correlation test showed that serum HSP70 has positive correlation with the expression of ASC-NLRP3, caspase-1, NF-κB and 4-hydroxynonenal and negative correlation with GSH:GSSG ratio. Conclusions The modulating effect of luteolin on the expression of HSP70, NF-κB and thereby on ASC-NLRP3 complex may be claimed for its pancreato-protective activity.

Growth performance, correlation and regression estimates of seven-chicken strains in South-Western Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
A. J. Atansuyi ◽  
U. C. Ihendu ◽  
C. A. Chineke
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Study Results

This study was conducted to determine the growth performance, correlation and regression estimates of seven-chicken strains in South-western Nigeria using a total of 300 day-old chicks. The birds were divided into seven groups based on their strain. The seven strains are Normal feather (NF), Fulani ecotype (FE), Frizzle feather (FF), naked neck (NN) and Transylvania indigenous strains while Hubbard and Marshal were meat-type exotic chickens. There were forty- five (45) unsexed day-old chicks in each strain except the Frizzle feather that were 30 in number. Completely randomized design (CRD) was used for the trial that lasted for 8 weeks. The birds were fed experimental diets ad libitum throughout the period of the study. Results showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the initial and final weights of the birds. It was observed that exotic strains weighed heavier (3569.73gHB) than their indigenous counterparts (1391.11gNF). However, the Fulani ecotype weighed heaviest (1840.99g) among Nigeria indigenous strains during the experimental period. This showed that FE strains are generally heavy breed chicken and could be incorporated into a meat producing indigenous chicken if improved upon. The result of the correlation coefficients showed that a very strong, positive and highly significant (P<0.001) relationship existed between body weights and linear body measurements as most of the values are (>0.40). All the body parameter examined had significant (p<0.01) and direct relationship with the body weight. Shoulder-to-tail length (STL) had the highest coefficient of 0.98.The high correlation estimates obtained in this study could be as a result of pleiotropy, heterozygosity or linkage of genes in the birds. The three functions were highly significant (p<0.05) for all the parameters studied. This shows that the functions well described the parameters. On the basis of coefficient of determination (R ), the body weight of poultry birds at any age can be predicted most accurately with BRG using cubic function.

scholarly journals Milk yield and composition, feed intake and stocking rate of crossbread cows in tropical grasses managed in a rotational grazing system

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1548-1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Massaru Fukumoto ◽  
Julio Cesar Damasceno ◽  
Fermino Deresz ◽  
Carlos Eugênio Martins ◽  
Antônio Carlos Cóser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Grazing System

The objective of this study was to evaluate milk yield and composition, dry matter intake, and stocking rate in pastures with tanzania grass (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia), star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis cv. Estrela-Africana), and marandu grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu). The grasses were managed in a rotational grazing system with Holstein x Zebu crossbreed cows, with a 30-day resting period and three days of paddock occupation. The pastures were fertilized with 1,000 kg/ha/year using the 20:05:20 (NPK) formula, split in three applications during the rainy season. It was used a complete random block experimental design with three factors being studied and two replications. In the experiment, four cows/paddock were used and, when it was necessary, regulator animals were added in order to obtain a supply of 7% body weight green forage dry matter. The animals were individually fed concentrate at 2 kg/day during the experimental period. Milk yield did not differ among the three grasses, with values of 9.1; 9.1; and 8.7 kg/cow/day for pastures with tanzania grass, star grass and marandu grass, respectively. Similarly, grass did not affect milk chemical composition. Stocking rate was similar among the three grasses, with values of 4.6; 4.5 and 5.0 UA/ha for tanzania grass, star grass and marandu grass, respectively. The highest dry matter intake was observed for tanzania grass with 2.6% of the body weight while stargrass (2.3%) and marandu grass (2.4%) did not differ among each other. The highest dry matter intake on tanzania grass pasture was not reflected on milk yield per animal. Milk yield and composition and stocking rate are similar among the evaluated grasses.

scholarly journals Quantitative characteristics of the carcasses of Moxotó and Canindé goats fed diets with two different energy levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1565-1570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Chacon Lisboa ◽  
Dermeval Araújo Furtado ◽  
Ariosvaldo Nunes de Medeiros ◽  
Roberto Germano Costa ◽  
Rita de Cássia do Egypto Queiroga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Energetic Level ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

The objective of this work was to evaluate the quantitative characteristics of carcasses of Moxotó and Canindé goats finished in feedlots and fed diets of two levels of energy. It was used 40 castrated young goats, 20 from Moxotó breed and 20 from Canindé breed, each one with an average body weight of 15.2 kg. The animals were fed with diets containing 2.20 and 2.71 (Mcal/kg DM). The experimental period lasted 86 days. There was no difference among the barometric measures of Moxotó and Canindé kids. Canindé goats showed higher final weight, higher weight after fasting and higher hot and cold carcass weights when compared to the Moxotó animals. Animals that consumed diets with higher energy level had higher final weight and conformation as well as higher carcass yield. Considering the percentage values of the commercial meat cuts, no difference among treatments was observed. The diet was the factor that most influenced the non-constituent components of the carcass of Moxotó and Canindé goats. In general, animals belonging to the Canindé breed presented higher quantitative characteristics than the Moxotó breed. Supply of diets with higher energetic level (2.71 Mcal/kg DM) for goats from Moxotó and Canindé breeds, in feedlots, favors the production of carcass with higher yields and heavier commercial meat cuts.

scholarly journals Fingernail may not be a reliable biomarker of fluoride body burden from dentifrice

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ynara Bosco Oliveira Lima-Arsati ◽  
Carolina Castro Martins ◽  
Lília Alves Rocha ◽  
Jaime Aparecido Cury
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Reliable Indicator ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The City

Fingernail has been suggested as a biomarker of fluoride (F) body burden, but there is no consensus if it would be a reliable indicator of F exposure from dentifrice. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate if fingernails would have sensitivity to detect F exposure from dentifrice in young children. Twenty-three 1-3-year-old children living in the city of Piracicaba (0.72 ppm F in water), Brazil, were enrolled in two phases of different F exposure: in phase A (1st to 11th week), they were exposed to the combination of F from diet (solids and liquids) and dentifrice (1,500 µg F/g as MFP), and in phase B (12th to 29th week), only to F from diet (the use of F dentifrice was interrupted). Fingernails were weekly clipped during 35 weeks for F determination. F intake from diet and dentifrice in each phase was also determined. Both analyses were made with ion-specific electrode. F intake (Mean ± SD) was significantly higher (p<0.01) when the children were exposed to F from diet+dentifrice than only to F from diet (0.086 ± 0.032 and 0.040 ± 0.009 mg F/day/kg body weight, respectively). However, F concentrations in nails collected during the whole experimental period of 35 weeks presented great variation with no trend of decreasing after F dentifrice intake interruption. The findings suggest that fingernail may not be a reliable F biomarker of body burden from dentifrice.

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