scholarly journals Weaning Performance of Beef Cattle Calves Based on Concentrate Intake

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Chong Wang ◽  
Dongping Li ◽  
Jinyong Yang ◽  
Yuefeng Xia ◽  
Yan Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Southern Chinese ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Primary Variable ◽  
Daily Gain

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of weaning based upon different concentrate intake on growth performance, health, and antioxidant status of Southern Chinese Cattle. Thirty female calves were used in the trial. Weaning strategy was the primary variable of interest and treatments included weaning when a calf consumed 1000 (W1000), 750 (W750), or 500 (W500) g of starter for three consecutive days. All calves received colostrum within 4 h of birth and colostrum intake was monitored to ensure all calves consumed 1.5 L within 12 h of birth. Calves were then fed fresh milk up to 2 L/d for 7 days. Between d 7 and 13, calves were fed a liquid feed composed of 50% fresh milk, and 50% milk replacer (MR) at maximum rate of 3 L/d. For the remainder of the study, calves were provided 3 L/d MR. Concentrate (starter), and grass hay were available ad libitum starting on d 1. Milk, MR, starter, and hay intakes were recorded daily. Calf body weights and measurements were recorded at birth and every 4 wk until weaning. Average weaning ages were 48 ± 4.5, 58 ± 4.6, and 65 ± 4.8 for W500, W750, and W1000, respectively. Between wk 8 and wk 21, calves in the W500 and W750 treatments had higher (p < 0.05) starter intakes than calves in the W1000 treatment. Body height, body length, circumference of cannon bone, circumference of the chest did not differ with weaning strategy (p > 0.05). There was no difference in body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) on wk 5 when any of the calves were weaned (p > 0.05). In wk 9, BW of calves in W1000 tended to be higher than that of W750 and W500 (p = 0.10). However, calves in W1000 lost their BW advantage in wk 13. Calves’ ADG was not different during the whole experiment period among treatments. Calves in W750 had higher plasma BHBA and the total antioxidant capacity which has been associated with a positive impact on health. Data in this experiment suggest that weaning when calves consume 750 g of starter can enhance ADG, DMI, feed efficiency, and selected blood parameters compared with weaning when calves consume 500 g of starter.

scholarly journals 57 Effects of Diploid and Tetraploid Annual Ryegrass Cultivars on Cattle Performance, Herbage Mass, and Nutritive Value

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 20-20
Author(s):  
Sarah M Montgomery ◽  
Brandi Karisch ◽  
Jane A Parish ◽  
Jesse Morrison ◽  
Brian Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) can be divided into two cytotypes: diploid (2n = 2x) and tetraploid (2n = 4x). Polyploid versions of a given plant species result in increased seedling vigor, more robust growth and, potentially, greater yield. While most data suggest no difference in yield between diploid and tetraploid cultivars, there is still potential for weight gain advantages thanks to increased non-structural carbohydrates in tetraploid cells. The objectives of this study were to compare weight gain of cattle grazing either diploid or tetraploid cultivars of annual ryegrass. Two diploid annual ryegrass cultivars (Marshall and Tam 90) and two tetraploid cultivars (Jumbo and Nelson) were planted in 0.81-ha pastures, each replicated four times. Four steers (mean initial BW = 214 kg) were randomly assigned to each pasture for an 82-d grazing period. Body weights were recorded starting at d0 then every 28 days throughout the season. Data were analyzed in the GLM procedure of SAS using a significance level of α = 0.05. There were significant differences between cytotypes with respect to seasonal yield with diploids (9547.90 kg/ha) yielding greater than tetraploids (7762.00 kg/ha). As expected, ADF and NDF fractions were significantly less for tetraploids (ADF; 31.39%, NDF; 31.39%) compared to diploids (ADF; 33.75%, NDF; 53.25%). Tetraploids also contained significantly greater crude protein (13.50%) than diploids (12.90%). Cytotype had no effect on final average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.9427). However, final ADG was significantly impacted by cultivar (P = 0.0134). Final ADG for Tam 90 (1.10 kg/d) was greater than Marshall (0.92 kg/d). Cattle grazing Nelson (1.04 kg/d) and Jumbo (0.99 kg/d) did not differ. Results show that regardless of differences in seasonal yield and nutritive value between cytotypes, there were no advantages in ADG for cattle grazing either cytotype.

scholarly journals 93 Evaluation of the intake and digestibility of ensiled residual material from edamame soybean processing with and without the use of an inoculant

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 74-74
Author(s):  
Ellen M Herring ◽  
Elizabeth B Kegley ◽  
Ken Coffey ◽  
Shane Gadberry ◽  
Jeremy G Powell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Soybean Processing ◽  
Silage Inoculant ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract This research evaluated the effects of ensiled edamame soybean processing waste on ruminant intake and total tract digestibility. Waste from processing stored edamame was obtained (3 trips) and wilted (28%, 25%, and 37% DM), then treated with or without inoculant (Lactobacillus buchneri) and ensiled in 167 L plastic barrels (2 or 3 barrels/treatment from each trip) for 72 (Trip 1) or 69 (Trip 2 and 3) days. Pregnant ewes (n = 18; body weight = 55.5 ± 1.2 kg; 2 to 3 years old) were blocked by body weight and assigned randomly within a block to treatments within a trip, then each ewe was assigned to a barrel of silage. Ewes were housed individually in 1 × 1.5-m pens and offered silage for a 10-day adaptation period followed by 7 days of total feces and urine collection. Ewes were offered silage to allow for 10% orts and were offered 0.2% of their body weight of soyhulls and 32 g of mineral supplement/day to meet their predicted nutrient requirements for gestating ewes. Ewes consumed 1,616 ± 54 g DM/day (X ± SEM) or 2.9 ± 0.12% of their body weight and there was no effect (P ≥ 0.85) of inoculant treatment on DM intake (g/day or % of body weight). Dry matter digestibility was not affected (P = 0.98) by inoculant and averaged 55.7 ± 0.66%. Ewe average daily gain for the 17-day trial tended to be greater (P = 0.08) for the ewes offered the silage without inoculant (0.18 vs. 0.04 kg/d). Ensiling edamame processing waste yielded a feed that ewes consumed in adequate amounts to maintain their body weights over 17 days when also supplemented with soyhulls. The addition of silage inoculant had minimal effects on intake, digestibility, or ewe body weight change.

scholarly journals The Impact of Selection using Residual Average Daily Gain and Marbling EPDs on Growth Performance and Carcass Traits in Angus Steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Krause ◽  
E. R. Moore ◽  
J. Duggin ◽  
J. R. Segers ◽  
T. D. Pringle
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Carcass Merit ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Daily Gain

ObjectivesProfitability in the beef industry has narrow margins regulated by revenue from output traits like growth and carcass merit, but profitability is also largely impacted by input expenses like feed costs. Selecting for improvements in feed efficiency during the finishing phase, one of the most feed intensive segments of the industry, can help to mitigate those input costs. This study compared growth performance, feed efficiency, body composition, and carcass characteristics in Angus steers (n = 321) from bulls divergently selected for feed efficiency and marbling.Materials and MethodsAngus sires were selected based on high (10th percentile or better) and low (85th percentile or worse) residual average daily gain (RADG) EPD as well as high (fifth percentile or better) and average (near 50th percentile) marbling (MARB) EPD. These criteria resulted in a 2 × 2 factorial design with four breeding lines: high RADG/high MARB, high RADG/average MARB, low RADG/high MARB, low RADG/average MARB. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedures of SAS with RADG and MARB as main effects. Significance was set at α = 0.05. Generation was also analyzed, where generation one (GEN1) steers were from a selected sire while generation two (GEN2) steers were from a selected sire and a selected dam.ResultsUltrasound and carcass data revealed no differences (P ≥ 0.12) in 12th rib backfat thickness from weaning through slaughter for the RADG EPD groups. Yield grade and dressing percent did not differ (P ≥ 0.56) across RADG or MARB groups. At the beginning and end of the feeding trial, the high RADG (P ≤ 0.02) group had larger ultrasound ribeye area (REA) than the low RADG group. Carcass REA tended (P = 0.08) to be larger in the high versus low RADG steers. During the feedlot trial and through slaughter, body weight was heavier (P ≤ 0.006) for the high versus low RADG steers but did not differ (P ≥ 0.44) across MARB EPD. Feed efficiency measures did not differ (P ≥ 0.32) across RADG or MARB groups apart from the tendency (P = 0.08) for residual feed intake to be lower in the high versus low RADG steers. Marbling scores differed (P ≤ 0.04) across RADG and MARB groups with the low RADG steers and the high MARB steers having improved marbling. The quality grade distribution across MARB EPD revealed that the average MARB steers graded 73% Choice and 25% Prime while the high MARB steers graded 56% and 42%, respectively. Slice shear force did not differ (P ≥ 0.32) across RADG or MARB EPD. Body weights tended (P = 0.06) to be heavier at the start of the feeding trial for GEN1 versus GEN2 steers. Total gain, average daily gain, and feed to gain (F:G) differed by generation (P ≤ 0.007) with increased rates of gain and reduced F:G in the GEN2 versus GEN1 steers. Body weights did not differ (P = 0.72) across GEN at the end of the feeding trial. Backfat thickness at the start and end of the feedlot phase was less (P ≤ 0.03) and marbling score was improved (P = 0.02) in the GEN2 versus GEN1 steers, respectively.ConclusionThese results suggest that selection using RADG EPD has negligible impacts on meat quality; and that progress in selection for efficiency can be achieved while advancing carcass quality and value. Furthermore, continued divergent selection for feed efficiency and marbling has the potential to improve feed efficiency through advancements in the rate of gain, while enhancing carcass merit through marbling.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF SLAUGHTER’ AGE ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS AND NON-CARCASS COMPONENTS TRAITS OF BERBER BREED LAMBS

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1401-1407
Author(s):  
S. Atroun ◽  
C. Aissaoui ◽  
S. Smeti ◽  
N. Atti
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of this work was to study the lamb’s growth, the carcass yield and composition and the importance of main organs of Berber lambs slaughtered at 4 or 6 months. The study concerned 40 lambs reared under motherhood. Lambs of the first group were slaughtered at the age of 4 months (4M) and the second at 6 months (6M). Slaughter body weights (BW), hot and cold carcass weights and organs were recorded. The carcass was cut out and dissected. The average BW at birth was 4.14 + 0.506 kg while the BW at slaughter was 22.86 kg + 3.40 and 31.51 + 3.50 kg for 4M and 6M groups, respectively. The average daily gain were 172 and 164g for 4M and 6M groups, respectively. Therefore, during 2months the lambs of 6M group gained 8.67 kg in BW. The carcasses were heavier for 6M than 4M. The carcass commercial yields were 42% and 45% for 4M and 6M groups, respectively, resulting in 4.1 kg gain of meat during 2 months. The tissular (muscle, fat and bone) and the regional (leg, shoulder …) carcass composition did not differ among groups. All organs were heavier for 6M than 4M; however, their proportion in the empty body weight were variables. The BWand carcass gain at six months are encouraging to prolong the lamb’s slaughter age without carcass composition difference given the similar fat proportion in the carcass of both groups.

scholarly journals Effect of Silver Nanoparticle Administration on Productive Performance, Blood Parameters, Antioxidative Status, and Silver Residues in Growing Rabbits under Hot Climate

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdy Abdelsalam ◽  
Ibrahim Al-Homidan ◽  
Tarek Ebeid ◽  
Osama Abou-Emera ◽  
Mohamed Mostafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Antioxidative Status ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

The influence of subcutaneous injections of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on rabbit performance, hematological and biochemical parameters of blood, antioxidant status, and the residues of silver in meat and blood in two breeds (New Zealand White (NZW) and Jabali) of rabbits growing under high ambient temperature was evaluated. A total of 90 six-week-old rabbits (45 NZW and 45 Jabali) were randomly distributed into three equal treatment groups (control, 0.5 mg, and 1.0 mg AgNPs/kg body weight). The treated rabbits were injected twice a week for four consecutive weeks. The results revealed that AgNPs administration had no significant effect on average daily gain (ADG), feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The NZW breed surpassed the Jabali breed in growth performance traits, carcass weight, dressing percentage, and cuts of mid parts and hind cuts. Administration of AgNPs had a significant effect on hematocrit (HCT) and platelet (PLT) values. Rabbits injected with AgNPs at a dose of 0.5 mg showed a lower plasma concentration of total cholesterol and triglycerides than that of control rabbits. The NZW breed had significantly low platelet, total cholesterol, and triglyceride values. Rabbits injected with 0.5 mg/kg BW had the lowest total antioxidant capacity and highest malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase. The Ag residues were higher in blood than those in meat in treated rabbits. The local breed (Jabali) had significantly lower residues than the imported one (NZW) either in meat or in blood. However, the amount of accumulated silver in blood plasma and meat increased with increasing dose.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Resveratrol Improves Systemic Inflammation Responses in LPS-Injected Lambs

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanping Liang ◽  
Jianwei Zhou ◽  
Kaixi Ji ◽  
Hu Liu ◽  
Allan Degen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Inflammatory Genes ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Daily Gain

Highly intensive livestock production often causes immune stress to animals, which makes them more susceptible to infections. The aim of this study was to examine whether resveratrol (Res) alleviates inflammation in lambs. In Experiment 1, 16 male lambs were injected with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) at an initial dose of 0.25, 1.25, and 2.5 μg/kg body weight (BW) for 9 days. Average daily gain and blood parameters were measured and clinical symptoms were recorded. In Experiment 2, 20 male lambs were injected intravenously with LPS (0 mg/kg) + Res (0 mg), LPS (2.5 μg /kg) + Res (0 mg, 82.5 mg, 165 mg, 330 mg), 4 h after LPS injection. Jugular blood was collected from each lamb to determine white blood cell (WBC) counts and the expression of inflammatory genes. In Experiment 1, all LPS-treated lambs showed clinical signs of sickness including rhinorrhea, lethargy, and shivering, and systemic inflammatory responses of increased inflammatory genes levels and cortisol concentration. The lambs had increased respiratory and heart rates and rectal temperature and decreased average daily gain and feed intake. In Experiment 2, resveratrol significantly reduced WBCs and the expression levels of several genes associated with inflammation response (TLR4, NF-κB, c-jun) and inhibited the signaling cascades of NF-κB and MAPKs by down-regulating the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ) induced by LPS. Resveratrol attenuated the LPS-evoked inflammatory responses in lambs by suppressing expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, and blocking NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.

Normal growth and development up to one year of age of Sudanese cattle with special reference to the influence of Sex and sire

1968 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Osman ◽  
Y. Rizgalla
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
One Year ◽  
Daily Gain

SUMMARYThree years' data on a herd of Sudanese cattle were used to study the influence of sex and sire on their growth from birth to 1 year of age. The traits studied included body weights at birth, weaning and yearling ages, and body measurements at birth and weaning age. Analysis of variance indicated no significant sex by sire interactions. Male calves had significantly (P < 0.01) heavier birth, weaning and yearling weights and faster pre-weaning average daily gain than female calves. There were no statistically significant differences between sexes in post-weaning gain or body measurements. The sire effects were highly significant (P < 0.01) for birth and yearling weights and postweaning average daily gain, but not for weaning weight and pre-weaning average daily gain. Sire effects were also significant (P < 0.05) for height at withers and heart girth at birth and weaning age and for body length at weaning age. The heritability estimates of birth and yearling weights and post-weaning gain were relatively high, whereas the heritability estimates of weaning weight and pre-weaning gain were low.

Growth-related hormones in plasma of bulls, steers and heifers given food with two different energy levels

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Röpke ◽  
D. Schams ◽  
F. J. Schwarz ◽  
M. Kirchgessner
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Needle Puncture ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
High Level ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Total Concentrations

AbstractConcentrations of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), insulin and glucagon were determined in the plasma of growing bulls, steers and heifers (no. = 138 in total, German Simmental breed). The animals were offered either a high level or a low level of energy resulting in relatively high and low average daily gain. Trials were subdivided into two experimental series and started at approximately 3 months of age at an average live weight of 110 kg. The animals were slaughtered at different body weights from 200 to 510 kg (heifers) or 660 kg (bulls, steers). Blood samples (needle puncture) were collected at biweekly intervals. Frequent samples time-course analysis of GH were taken by catheter from nine animals in total. Concentrations of GH declined during growth in steers and heifers as well as in bulls in blood samples collected by means of a catheter. IGF-1 and insulin concentrations increased from the start of the trial onwards up to different ages among the groups. Concentrations of glucagon constantly decreased from the start of the trial until slaughter. Significant differences (P < 0·05) in concentrations ofGH, IGF-1 and insulin could be observed between sexes and levels of nutrition, with the highest GH and IGF-1 levels in bulls followed by steers and heifers. In contrast insulin values were highest in heifers followed by steers and bulls. A high level of nutrition increased concentrations of IGF-1 and insulin in all sexes.

scholarly journals The influence of the probiotic “Active East” on the digestibility of nutrients, morphological and biochemical blood parameters of young pigs

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Sergey Petrovich Moskalenko ◽  
Roman Phedorovich Belov
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Probiotic Preparation ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Fattening Pigs

The results of the experiment on feeding the probiotic “Active East”  to young fattening pigs are presented. Its inclusion in the diet of animals stimulated an increase in the digestibility of the main nutrients of the diet while increasing the gross and average daily gain in live weight. The use of a probiotic preparation did not adversely affect the morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood.  

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF STOCKING RATE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF TWO HYBRIDS OF COMMERCIAL BROILERS IN THE HUMID TROPICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
J. A. Agunbiade ◽  
K. Benyi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Humid Tropics ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Space Requirements ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Daily Gain

The effects of four stocking rates (0.070, 0.093, 0.116 and 0.140m2/ bird) on the performance of two hybrids of commercial broilers were investigated. There were significant hybrid effects on initial and final body weights (P< 0.01) and on feed effici­ency (P <0.05) but not on average daily gain and feed consumption and mortality. Stocking effects which were not signi­ficant for initial body weight, feed efficiency and mortality were highly significant for final body weight, average daily gain and feed consumption, (P < 0.01). There were significant interactions bet­ween hybrid and stocking rate for average daily gain (P <0.01) and mortality (P < 0.05). It is suggested that in the humid tropics, the stocking rates of 0.116 and 0.140m2/ bird would be appropriate for rearing broilers. The results of the study also show­ed that different hybrids do vary on space requirements in respect • of certain produc­tion traits.

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