scholarly journals Bioregulators Can Improve Biomass Production, Photosynthetic Efficiency, and Ornamental Quality of Gazania rigens L.

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Zulfiqar ◽  
Adnan Younis ◽  
Zainul Abideen ◽  
Alessandra Francini ◽  
Antonio Ferrante
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Display Time ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Perennial Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Shoot Mass

Gazania rigens L. is a perennial herbaceous plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family, widely used as bedding or ornamental potted plants. The environmental and economic sustainability of ornamental production can be enhanced using environmentally friendly bioregulators. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of key bioregulators gibberellic acid ((GA3) at 50, 100 or 150 mg L−1), humic acid ((HA) at 100, 300 or 600 mg L−1), and ascorbic acid ((AA) at 50, 100 or 200 mg L−1)), on the growth, leaf gas exchange, and ornamental quality of G. rigens. The results indicated that plants treated with foliar applications of GA3, HA, or AA exhibited higher plant fresh and dry biomass, plant height, leaf area, and leaf area ratio, root-shoot ratio, root-shoot mass fractions, and number of flowers, as well as the flowers display time. All bioregulator treatments enhanced the vegetative and floral characteristics of Gazania plants. The GA3 was the most efficient at the concentration of 100 mg L−1. The highest efficacy of HA and AA treatments was observed at the higher concentrations, 600 and 200 mg L−1, respectively. These results were associated with higher photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (E) as well as stomatal conductance (gs), and water use efficiency (WUE). In conclusion, the results suggest that foliar-applied bioregulators to Gazania are promising and represent sustainable strategies to enhance growth, flowering, and flower display time of Gazania plants.

scholarly journals Vegetative Development and Nutrient Absorption March of Sorrel (Rumex acetosa L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
Maria Angélica Suedan Souza Lima ◽  
Anastácia Fontanetti ◽  
Márcio Roberto Soares ◽  
Rodrigo Gazaffi ◽  
Nathalia de França Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Rumex Acetosa ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Blade Length ◽  
Perennial Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plant Collection

Sorrel (Rumex acetosa L.) is an unconventional food plant. It is a perennial herbaceous plant that forms thickets. There are studies related to the accumulation of nutrients in sorrel, but there is no information on its absorption march and vegetative development. The objective of this study is to determine macronutrient absorption and biometric parameters of sorrel during 60 days after seedling transplantation (DAT) of seedlings. The experiment was completely randomized with eight treatments and four replications. It was conducted in a greenhouse. The treatments consisted of plant collection times, performed at 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50 and 60 DAT. Plants’ biometric parameters (leaf blade length, relative leaf area, and shoot fresh and dry matter) and macronutrient absorption march were evaluated. Biomass, leaf blade length and relative leaf area of sorrel plants increased over time and, more markedly, after 35 DAT. The maximum levels of macronutrients accumulated in sorrel shoots, in descending order, were K > N > Ca > Mg > P > S. There was no significant difference in Ca and S contents among collection times, that is, the absorption and accumulation of these nutrients by sorrel did not vary throughout the evaluation time.

UTILIZING COMBINATION OF HERBICIDE COMMAND AND GROWTH STIMULATORS MELAFEN AND EMISTIM C FOR TOBACCO SEEDLING GROWING

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Qualitative Properties ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Prolonged Effect ◽  
Agricultural Plants

Efficiency of combination of soil herbicide Command (CE 0.02 ml/m2) and growth stimulators Melafen and Emistim S for tobacco seedling growing in sheltered ground has been studied. Before studies inhibition properties of herbicide on first stage of tobacco growing were found. For decreasing effect of herbicide ’s depression and increasing growing processes researches during greenhouse and field stages have been carried. It has been found that soaking seeds in solution of growth stimulator Melafen (concentration 0.05 %) and Emistim S (concentration 0.00001 %) during 3 hours in combination with further treatments on basic stages of seedling development (cotyledon and ready for transplanting before pulling out) led not only to decreasing toxic effect of herbicide but also increasing qualitative properties of tobacco plants. Growth stimulators led to increasing length of plants from collar to growing point by 46-62 %, to end of tips - by 20-35 %, above ground plant mass - by 42 - 86 %, root mass - by 32 %. It was also noticed 28 - 36 % increasing outcome of standard seedlings from m2 in time of transplanting. Due to prolonged effect of Melafen and Emistim S seedlings transplanted into field were with increased surviving properties. Later, due to increased growing rate it was noticed increasing leaf area by 9-18 % and productivity - by 16-24 %. Economic effect due to utilizing growth stimulators Melafen and Emistim S during seedling stage reaches 360 and 470 rubles/m2 and during field stage - 66 and 98 th.rubles/ha respectively. Offered elaboration can be utilized for protecting systems of different agricultural plants where utilizing soil herbicides is recommended. Also quality of cured tobacco grown with stimulators had been improved.

scholarly journals Selection and validation of appropriate reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis of flowering stages and different genotypes of Iris germanica L

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinjie Wang ◽  
Yongxia Zhang ◽  
Qingquan Liu ◽  
Haiying Tong ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Genes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Gene Selection ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Perennial Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Iris Germanica ◽  
Accurate Normalization ◽  
Suitable Reference

AbstractIris germanica L. is a perennial herbaceous plant that has been widely cultivated worldwide and is popular for its elegant and vibrantly colorful flowers. Selection of appropriate reference genes is the prerequisite for accurate normalization of target gene expression by quantitative real-time PCR. However, to date, the most suitable reference genes for flowering stages have not been elucidated in I. germanica. In this study, eight candidate reference genes were examined for the normalization of RT-qPCR in three I. germanica cultivars, and their stability were evaluated by four different algorithms (GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and Ref-finder). The results revealed that IgUBC and IgGAPDH were the most stable reference genes in ‘00246’ and ‘Elizabeth’, and IgTUB and IgUBC showed stable expression in ‘2010200’. IgUBC and IgGAPDH were the most stable in all samples, while IgUBQ showed the least stability. Finally, to validate the reliability of the selected reference genes, the expression patterns of IgFT (Flowering Locus T gene) was analyzed and emphasized the importance of appropriate reference gene selection. This work presented the first systematic study of reference genes selection during flower bud development and provided guidance to research of the molecular mechanisms of flowering stages in I. germanica.

scholarly journals Assessment of Growth Characteristics of Medicinal Plants Ocimum tenuiflorum L. and Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. Under Shade Net and Open Conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
J. Ambujavalli ◽  
K. Santhiya ◽  
K. Rohini ◽  
V. Kumaresan
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Similar Type ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Ocimum Tenuiflorum ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Plectranthus Amboinicus ◽  
Microclimate Conditions

Aim: To study the effect of shade net on the growth characteristics of two medicinal plants viz., Tulsi and Indian Borage in terms of plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and flowering in relation to open condition. Place and Duration of Study: Lawspet, Puducherry, India between June 2018 and October 2018. Methodology: Tulsi and Indian Borage plants were grown in similar type of soil. The potted plants were kept in open, 35% and 75% shade net conditions and studied for 3 months. The plant height, number of leaves, and leaf area were measured including number of inflorescence branches for Tulsi. Results: The average air temperature was lower under shade net. Relative humidity was more in shade net conditions with maximum in 75% shade and least in open conditions. The number of leaves of Tulsi and Indian Borage recorded was maximum when grown under 35% shade and least in open conditions. Plant height was maximum in 75% shade for Tulsi and 35% shade in Indian Borage and least in open conditions on both the cases. Leaf area was maximum for both Tulsi and Indian Borage in 75% shade. Conclusion: Growth of the two medicinal plants was influenced by the microclimate conditions. The present study shows that the medicinal plants can be grown in shade net conditions to increase the yield of medicinally useful parts.

scholarly journals Medium-grown daylily flowering in the Republic of Mari El

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mariya Aleksandrovna Okach ◽  
Svetlana Valer'evna Mukhametova ◽  
Kseniya Valentinovna Kharisova ◽  
Anastasiya Sergeevna Polkanova ◽  
Gul'nara Il'darovna Yakupova
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Continuous Series ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
State University ◽  
Perennial Herbaceous Plant ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Country Club ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
The Republic

Daylily (Hemerocallis) is a perennial herbaceous plant widely used in landscape gardening. Daylilies are prized for their long term flowering mainly in late summer and low maintenance cultivation. According to flower spike height, the varieties are divided into runt, medium-growing and tall. The article contains the results of the study of 21 medium-growing daylily varieties’ terms of flowering in the botanic garden of the Volga region State University of Technology (Yoshkar-Ola, the Republic of Mari El). The research was conducted in 2015 - 2017. The calendar dates were converted into a continuous series. All varieties were classified as early, medium or late according to the terms of the beginning and the end of flowering and its duration. During three years of research, the earliest beginning of the phenological phase was registered in 2016, and the latest one  - in 2017. The early beginning and ending of flowering were typical for the varieties “Dr Regel” and “Royal Sovereign”. The late beginning of flowering was registered for the “Country Club” variety, and the late ending - for “Sandalwood”. Other varieties were classified as medium-term. The varieties “Royal Sovereign”, “Tejas”, and “Sugar Candy” are characterized by a short flowering period, while “Sandalwood” and “Derby Bound” - with a long one. It was established that the late-flowering varieties are characterized with a longer flowering period.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF COMPOST QUALITY OF SERICULTURE WASTE ON THE GROWTH OF Anogeissus leiocarpus USING TWO COMPOSTING METHODS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-46
Author(s):  
C. Kambai ◽  
R. O. Olatunji ◽  
M. J. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Compost Quality ◽  
Anogeissus Leiocarpus

This study investigated the compost quality of sericulture waste on the growth of Anogeissus leiocarpus using two composting methods. The two-method adopted were M1 (pile method) and M2 (bin method). Sericulture waste which includes mulberry leaves and silkworm excreta were air dried for 24hours, measured (1 kg) and set in layers for both methods adopted. Samples of compost from each method were taken before planting to the laboratory for proximate analysis. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the data obtained. Anogeissus leiocarpus seeds were soaked for 10 minutes at 35oC and at 9.5oC for 24 hours to enhance the breaking of its dormancy. Anogeissus leiocarpus seeds was planted using sericulture compost from both adopted methods. Result shows that M1 had the highest mineral composition. M1 recorded the highest (N %) with the value of 0.93%; (P %) with 0.089%; (K %) with 0.58%; (Ca %) with the value of 1.78% and (Mg %) with the value of 0.72% while M2 had a lower mineral composition. The result obtained for the early growth parameters shows that M1 had a higher plant height and stem girth which was significantly different from M2, the mixture of the two compost had the highest leaf count which was also significant while the control recorded the lowest value for all the parameters assessed. This result suggests that pile composting method is the best method for composting sericulture waste and can be used as a good and preferable alternative for inorganic manure in raising seedlings and trees species.  Adopting the use of sericulture waste as compost will help in reducing the waste management problem, enhance economic use of farm waste and also help to ease the low germination rate and germination percentage of Anogeissus leiocarpus. Kambai, C. | Department of Forestry Technology, Federal College of Forestry, Jos, Plateau state, Nigeria

scholarly journals Production of Bambusa vulgaris seedlings from rhizomes under brackish water irrigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 337-342
Author(s):  
Lourenço M. C. Branco ◽  
Claudivan F. de Lacerda ◽  
Albanise B. Marinho ◽  
Carlos H. C. de Sousa ◽  
Amanda S. F. Calvet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Bambusa Vulgaris ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of irrigation with brackish water on the production of bamboo seedlings (Bambusa vulgaris). The experiment was carried out at the Fazenda Experimental Piroás, in the municipality of Redenção, CE, Brazil (4° 14’ 53” S, 38° 45’ 10” W, and altitude of 230 m), in a completely randomized design with five treatments and six repetitions. The treatments consisted of five irrigation water electrical conductivity (ECw): 0.5 (control); 1.5; 2.5; 3.5 and 4.5 dS m-1. At 120 days after the beginning of the application of the treatments the leaf gas exchange, relative chlorophyll index (RCI), plant height (H), shoot dry matter (SDM), H/SDM ratio, and the concentrations of Na+ and K+ in stems and leaves were evaluated. Salt tolerance indexes were calculated based on SDM, H, photosynthesis rate and RCI. The increase in the ECw reduced leaf gas exchange, and the reduction in the photosynthesis rate was caused by stomatal and non-stomatal effects. The salinity affected negatively the growth and quality of bamboo seedlings, with the greatest effects being with ECw equal to or greater than 2.5 dS m-1. Bamboo seedlings present Na+ retention in the stems and low Na+/K+ ratio in the leaves. Bamboo seedlings are tolerant to salinity up to 1.5 dS m-1, indicating that waters with this salinity can be used for seedling production of this species, without loss of growth and quality.

scholarly journals Does insect herbivory suppress ecosystem productivity? Evidence from a temperate woodland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristiina Visakorpi ◽  
Sofia Gripenberg ◽  
Yadvinder Malhi ◽  
Terhi Riutta
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Insect Herbivory ◽  
Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
Area Loss ◽  
Leaf Area Loss ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractOur current understanding of the relationship between insect herbivory and ecosystem productivity is limited. Previous studies have typically quantified only leaf area loss, or have been conducted during outbreak years. These set-ups often ignore the physiological changes taking place in the remaining plant tissue after insect attack, or may not represent typical, non-outbreak herbivore densities. Here, we estimate the amount of carbon lost to insect herbivory in a temperate deciduous woodland both through leaf area loss and, notably, through changes in leaf gas exchange in non-consumed leaves under non-outbreak densities of insects. We calculate how net primary productivity changes with decreasing and increasing levels of herbivory, and estimate what proportion of the carbon involved in the leaf area loss is transferred further in the food web. We estimate that the net primary productivity of an oak stand under ambient levels of herbivory is 54 - 69% lower than that of a completely intact stand. The effect of herbivory quantified only as leaf area loss (0.1 Mg C ha−1 yr−1) is considerably smaller than when the effects of herbivory on leaf physiology are included (8.5 Mg C ha−1 yr−1). We propose that the effect of herbivory on primary productivity is non-linear and mainly determined by changes in leaf gas exchange. We call for replicated studies in other systems to validate the relationship between insect herbivory and ecosystem productivity described here.

scholarly journals Phytomass and quality of yellow passion fruit seedlings under salt stress and silicon fertilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e3400
Author(s):  
Genilson Lima Diniz ◽  
Reginaldo Gomes Nobre ◽  
Geovani Soares de Lima ◽  
Leandro de Pádua Souza ◽  
Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Silicon Fertilization ◽  
Plant Nursery

The semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil is characterized by long drought periods, and the use of saline waters appears as an alternative for the expansion of irrigated areas. Associated with the use of these waters, silicon fertilization constitutes an important attenuator of salt stress. In this perspective, this study aimed to evaluate the phytomass production and quality of the passion fruit cultivar ‘Gigante Amarelo’ grown with saline water and silicon fertilization. The experiment was conducted in a plant nursery belonging to the Center of Agrifood Science and Technology, in the municipality of Pombal-PB. A completely randomized block design in a 5 x 5 factorial scheme was used, referring to five levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (0.3, 1.0, 1.7, 2.4, and 3.1 dS m-1) and five doses of silicon fertilization (0; 25; 50; 75, and 100 g of potassium silicate/plant), with four replications and two plants per plot. The phytomass accumulation (leaves, stem, and roots), as well as the total dry phytomass, shoot dry phytomass, root/shoot ratio, and the quality index of Dickson were evaluated. The data obtained were subjected to the F-test at 0.01 and 0.05 level of probability. The electrical conductivity of water from 0.3 dS m-1 caused the decrease of phytomass production in seedlings of the passion fruit cultivar ‘Gigante Amarelo’, although it is possible to produce good quality passion fruit seedlings with water salinity up to 3.1 dS m-1. The doses of silicon fertilization mitigated the effect of salt stress on the root/shoot ratio of plants of the passion fruit cultivar ‘Gigante Amarelo’.

scholarly journals Growth performance and nutritional quality of selected vegetables in response to organic and inorganic fertilizers under low and high irradiance

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
L. T. Olaokiki ◽  
S. A. Adejumo
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Screen House ◽  
Better Than

Vegetables form major part of human dietary/nutritional needs. It provides the necessary vitamins and minerals as well as antioxidants to boost immunity. Different vegetables however have different benefits and require different growing conditions. This study investigated the effect of two growing conditions (Screen-house and open field) and soil amendments; Mexican sunflower compost (MSC; applied at 0, 5, 10 t/ha) and NPK 15:15:15 (applied at 0, 50 and 100 kg N/ha) on the growth performance, yield, and nutritional quality of five selected vegetables (Amaranthus cruentus, Celosia. argentea, Solanum macrocarpon, Solanum nigrum and Solanum incanum). Each treatment was replicated three times and experiment arranged in completely randomized design, Compost was applied a week before seed sowing vegetables grown in the screen-house generally performed better than the open field in terms of leaf area and chlorophyll content. The response however varied based on the vegetable and the soil amendments. Solanum species, performed better than Amaranthus under screen-house than open field. Chlorophyll in the leaf responded positively to NPK fertilizer under screen-house conditions while growth parameters such as plant height, stem girth, number of leaves under screen-house and field conditions varied depending on the vegetables. The number of leaves and leaf area increased with soil amendments. Moisture, crude protein and ash contents were reduced under open field compared to screen-house. The zinc and iron contents of the vegetable leaves showed that addition of compost was superior to NPK and screen-house better than open field. It can be concluded that vegetables grown in the screen-house performed better in their respective growth parameters than vegetables are grown under the open field.

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