scholarly journals Contribution of CaBPM4, a BTB Domain–Containing Gene, to the Response of Pepper to Phytophthora capsici Infection and Abiotic Stresses

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Mei He ◽  
Ke-Ke Liu ◽  
Huai-Xia Zhang ◽  
Guo-Xin Cheng ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Btb Domain ◽  
Drought And Salt Stress ◽  
Salt And Drought Stress ◽  
Broad Complex

The Broad-complex Tramtrack and Bric-a-brac (BTB) domain participates in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, however its role is unknown in pepper plants. CaBPM4 has meprin and TRAF homology (MATH) and BTB domains at its N- and C-termini, respectively, and it contains a 1589-bp full-length cDNA that encodes a protein containing 403 amino acids. In this study, the pepper gene CaBPM4 (Capsicum annuum BTB-POZ and MATH domain protein) was cloned, and its role in responses to Phytophthora capsici, cold, drought, and salt stress were characterized. The results of quantitative RT-PCR revealed that CaBPM4 was down-regulated under P. capsici infection, salicylic acid, H2O2, and abscisic acid treatments, while abiotic stresses, including salt, cold, and drought, enhanced its transcript level. Furthermore, CaBPM4 silencing significantly impaired resistance to P. capsici, apparently by altering the transcript level of defense-related genes CaPR1, CaDEF1, and CaSAR82 and reducing root activity. However, CaBPM4-silenced plants exhibited remarkably increased peroxidase activity and decreased malondialdehyde concentrations, indicating that CaBPM4 may enhance resistance to salt and drought stress. Further study should focus on the mechanism by which CaBPM4 regulates the defense response to P. capsici infection and abiotic stresses.

scholarly journals Infection with an asymptomatic virus in rice results in a delayed drought response

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaymee R. Encabo ◽  
Reena Jesusa A. Macalalad-Cabral ◽  
Jerlie Mhay K. Matres ◽  
Sapphire Charlene Thea P. Coronejo ◽  
Gilda B. Jonson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Drought Response ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Leaf Rolling ◽  
Rice Tungro Spherical Virus ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Infection of viruses in plants often modifies plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present study we examined the effects of Rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV) infection on drought response in rice. RTSV infection delayed the onset of leaf rolling by 1–2 days. During the delay in drought response, plants infected with RTSV showed higher stomatal conductance and less negative leaf water potential under drought than those of uninfected plants, indicating that RTSV-infected leaves were more hydrated. Other growth and physiological traits of plants under drought were not altered by infection with RTSV. An expression analysis of genes for drought response-related transcription factors showed that the expression of OsNAC6 and OsDREB2a was less activated by drought in RTSV-infected plants than in uninfected plants, further suggesting improved water status of the plants due to RTSV infection. RTSV accumulated more in plants under drought than in well-watered plants, indicating the increased susceptibility of rice plants to RTSV infection by drought. Collectively, these results indicated that infection with RTSV can transiently mitigate the influence of drought stress on rice plants by increasing leaf hydration, while drought increased the susceptibility of rice plants to RTSV.

scholarly journals The Abscisic Acid Pathway Has Multifaceted Effects on the Accumulation of Bamboo mosaic virus

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazen Alazem ◽  
Kuan-Yu Lin ◽  
Na-Sheng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Acid Pathway

Accepted 29 October 2013. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a key role in modulating plant responses to different biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the effect of ABA on virus infection is not fully understood. Here, we describe the effects of the ABA pathway on the accumulation of Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in two different hosts: Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana. We report that ABA2 plays a critical role in the accumulation of BaMV and CMV. Mutants downstream of ABA2 (aao3, abi1-1, abi3-1, and abi4-1) were susceptible to BaMV, indicating that the ABA pathway downstream of ABA2 is essential for BaMV resistance. The aba2-1 mutant decreased the accumulation of BaMV (+)RNA, (–)RNA, and coat protein, with the most dramatic effect being observed for (–)RNA. These findings were further validated by the use of virus-induced gene silencing and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in N. benthamiana. In addition, infecting N. benthamiana with BaMV or CMV increased ABA contents and activated the SA and ABA pathways, thereby disrupting the antagonism between these two cascades. Our findings uncover a novel role for ABA2 in supporting BaMV and CMV accumulation, distinct from the opposing role of its downstream genes.

scholarly journals Phytochrome B regulates reactive oxygen signaling during abiotic and biotic stress in plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosef Fichman ◽  
Haiyan Xiong ◽  
Soham Sengupta ◽  
Rajeev K Azad ◽  
Julian M Hibberd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Phytochrome B ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Regulatory Module ◽  
Plant Acclimation ◽  
Life On Earth

Plants are essential for life on Earth converting light into chemical energy in the form of sugars. To adjust for changes in light intensity and quality, and to become as efficient as possible in harnessing light, plants utilize multiple light receptors, signaling, and acclimation mechanisms. In addition to altering plant metabolism, development and growth, light cues sensed by some photoreceptors, such as phytochromes, impact on many plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Central for plant responses to different stresses are reactive oxygen species (ROS) that function as key signaling molecules. Recent studies demonstrated that respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH) proteins that reside at the plasma membrane and produce ROS at the apoplast play a key role in plant responses to different biotic and abiotic stresses. Here we reveal that phytochrome B (phyB) and RBOHs function as part of a key regulatory module that controls ROS production, transcript expression, and plant acclimation to excess light stress. We further show that phyB can regulate ROS production during stress even if it is restricted to the cytosol, and that phyB, RBOHD and RBOHF co-regulate thousands of transcripts in response to light stress. Surprisingly, we found that phyB is also required for ROS accumulation in response to heat, wounding, cold, and bacterial infection. Taken together, our findings reveal that phyB plays a canonical role in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, regulating ROS production, and that phyB and RBOHs function in the same pathway.

scholarly journals Function and Mechanism of Jasmonic Acid in Plant Responses to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8568
Author(s):  
Yun Wang ◽  
Salma Mostafa ◽  
Wen Zeng ◽  
Biao Jin
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Plant Stress Responses

As sessile organisms, plants must tolerate various environmental stresses. Plant hormones play vital roles in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Among these hormones, jasmonic acid (JA) and its precursors and derivatives (jasmonates, JAs) play important roles in the mediation of plant responses and defenses to biotic and abiotic stresses and have received extensive research attention. Although some reviews of JAs are available, this review focuses on JAs in the regulation of plant stress responses, as well as JA synthesis, metabolism, and signaling pathways. We summarize recent progress in clarifying the functions and mechanisms of JAs in plant responses to abiotic stresses (drought, cold, salt, heat, and heavy metal toxicity) and biotic stresses (pathogen, insect, and herbivore). Meanwhile, the crosstalk of JA with various other plant hormones regulates the balance between plant growth and defense. Therefore, we review the crosstalk of JAs with other phytohormones, including auxin, gibberellic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroid, ethylene, and abscisic acid. Finally, we discuss current issues and future opportunities in research into JAs in plant stress responses.

scholarly journals Molecular Basis of the Activation and Dissociation of Dimeric PYL2 Receptor in Abscisic Acid Signaling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuankai Zhao ◽  
Diwakar Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Abscisic Acid Signaling ◽  
Aba Receptors

Phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is essential for plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Dimeric receptors are a class of ABA receptors that are important for various ABA responses. While...

scholarly journals Calcium Sensors as Key Hubs in Plant Responses to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Ranty ◽  
Didier Aldon ◽  
Valérie Cotelle ◽  
Jean-Philippe Galaud ◽  
Patrice Thuleau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Calcium Sensors

scholarly journals Reference Gene Validation for Quantitative RT-PCR during Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Vitis vinifera

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e111399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Filipe Borges ◽  
Catarina Fonseca ◽  
Ricardo Boavida Ferreira ◽  
Ana Maria Lourenço ◽  
Sara Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Reference Gene ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Reference Gene Validation

Retrotransposons and ethyl methanesulfonate-induced diversity in hexaploid wheat and Triticale

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgi Bonchev ◽  
Sevdalin Georgiev ◽  
Stephen Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Ethyl Methanesulfonate ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Polymorphic Pattern ◽  
Pattern Distribution ◽  
Mutant Forms ◽  
Insertional Polymorphism

AbstractThe bulk of large plant genomes consists of retrotransposons. Retrotransposons are able to integrate into a multitude of loci in the genome, and can thereby generate insertional polymorphism between individuals, as well as mutations and new characteristics. Retrotransposons are largely quiescent during development, but become more active in response to biotic and abiotic stresses, which cause them to produce larger pools of transcripts. The present study assesses the structural dynamics and putative transcriptional activation of BARE-1 and WIS 2-1A retrotransposons in ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced hexaploid wheat and Triticale sphaerococcum mutants, via an RT-PCR approach that utilized the retrotransposon based markers SSAP, IRAP and REMAP. Our results demonstrate a polymorphic pattern distribution of BARE-1/WIS 2-1A members, and identify new insertions. The WIS 2-1A retrotransposon members have a modulated transcriptional profile, which strongly suggests that EMS treatment encourages their activation Retrotransposon-based methods are efficient for fingerprinting and genetic polymorphism studies of sphaerococcum mutant forms, and can illuminate the genome dynamics affecting the genes responsible for the sphaerococcum phenotype.

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