scholarly journals Management of Abiotic Stress in Horticultural Crops: Spotlight on Biostimulants

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1514
Author(s):  
Carlo Andreotti
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Number Of Factors

Horticultural crops are currently exposed to multiple abiotic stresses because of ongoing climate change. Abiotic stresses such as drought, extreme temperatures, salinity, and nutrient deficiencies are causing increasing losses in terms of yield and product quality. The horticultural sector is therefore searching for innovative and sustainable agronomic tools to enhance crop tolerance towards these unfavorable conditions. In a recent review published in Agronomy, “Biostimulants Application in Horticultural Crops under Abiotic Stress Conditions”, Bulgari and colleagues discussed the main pieces of evidence of the use of biostimulants to manage abiotic stresses in vegetable crops. The intent of this editorial was to focus the attention on aspects related to the stress development in plants (i.e., timing and occurrence of multiple stress factors), in combination with the application of biostimulants. The large number of factors potentially involved in the enhancement of crop tolerance toward stress calls for an intensification of research activities, especially when conducted in field conditions and with well-defined protocols. This must be seen as a mandatory task for a successful implementation of biostimulant products among the available agronomic tools for the management of abiotic stresses in horticultural crops.

scholarly journals Plant-Microbe Interactions in Alleviating Abiotic Stress—A Mini Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Prabhu Inbaraj
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
The Impact

Crop plants are continuously exposed to various abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, ultraviolet radiation, low and high temperatures, flooding, metal toxicities, nutrient deficiencies which act as limiting factors that hampers plant growth and low agricultural productivity. Climate change and intensive agricultural practices has further aggravated the impact of abiotic stresses leading to a substantial crop loss worldwide. Crop plants have to get acclimatized to various environmental abiotic stress factors. Though genetic engineering is applied to improve plants tolerance to abiotic stresses, these are long-term strategies, and many countries have not accepted them worldwide. Therefore, use of microbes can be an economical and ecofriendly tool to avoid the shortcomings of other strategies. The microbial community in close proximity to the plant roots is so diverse in nature and can play an important role in mitigating the abiotic stresses. Plant-associated microorganisms, such as endophytes, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), are well-documented for their role in promoting crop productivity and providing stress tolerance. This mini review highlights and discusses the current knowledge on the role of various microbes and it's tolerance mechanisms which helps the crop plants to mitigate and tolerate varied abiotic stresses.

scholarly journals Biostimulants Application in Horticultural Crops under Abiotic Stress Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Bulgari ◽  
Giulia Franzoni ◽  
Antonio Ferrante
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Performance Validation

Abiotic stresses strongly affect plant growth, development, and quality of production; final crop yield can be really compromised if stress occurs in plants’ most sensitive phenological phases. Additionally, the increase of crop stress tolerance through genetic improvements requires long breeding programmes and different cultivation environments for crop performance validation. Biostimulants have been proposed as agronomic tools to counteract abiotic stress. Indeed, these products containing bioactive molecules have a beneficial effect on plants and improve their capability to face adverse environmental conditions, acting on primary or secondary metabolism. Many companies are investing in new biostimulant products development and in the identification of the most effective bioactive molecules contained in different kinds of extracts, able to elicit specific plant responses against abiotic stresses. Most of these compounds are unknown and their characterization in term of composition is almost impossible; therefore, they could be classified on the basis of their role in plants. Biostimulants have been generally applied to high-value crops like fruits and vegetables; thus, in this review, we examine and summarise literature on their use on vegetable crops, focusing on their application to counteract the most common environmental stresses.

scholarly journals Multiple Beneficial Effects of Using Biochar (as a Great Organic Material) on Tolerance and Productivity of Rice under Abiotic Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-51
Author(s):  
Gulaqa Anwari ◽  
Jin Feng ◽  
Abdourazak Alio Moussa
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Plant Growth Hormones ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Rice as a sensitive crop that usually affected by many harmful environmental stresses. Numerous policies are followed to increase plant growth-tolerance under abiotic-stresses in various plant species. The attempts to improve crop tolerance against abiotic stresses via common breeding method are needed to follow a long-term, and may also be non-affordable, these are due to the existing genetic variability of the plant. Current review analysis existing knowledge gaps, challenges, and opportunities in the biochar application as a beneficial and pyrogenic-C, material. Consequently, a review of the literature with a high focusing on the multiple beneficial effects of using biochar on tolerance and productivity of rice in abiotic stresses is needed. This review provides a summary of those efforts that would be beneficial in reducing inconvenienced abiotic-stresses, and also how using biochar could increase rice tolerance and production through the supporting of plant growth regulator's roles. Accordantly, present review findings showed that biochar is a great amendment and consisting of principally organic rich-C matter, which has multiple benefits on improving soil physicochemical and biological properties as well as increasing rice tolerance and its productivity through enhancing plant hormones roles under abiotic stressed conditions (heat/cold temperature, drought, salinity, heavy metal, and climate change stresses). Nevertheless, it is anticipated that further researches on the benefits of biochar will increase the comprehension of interactions between biochar and plant growth hormones, to accelerate our attempts for improving rice tolerance and productivity, under abiotic-stress conditions.

Protein Phosphatase Type 2C Functions in Phytohormone-Dependent Pathways and in Plant Responses to Abiotic Stresses

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Nguyen Chuong ◽  
Xuan Lan Thi Hoang ◽  
Duong Hoang Trong Nghia ◽  
Thai Ngoc Trang Dai ◽  
Van-Anh Le Thi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Protein Phosphatases ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
In Planta

: Plants, as sessile organisms, are susceptible to a myriad of stress factors, especially abiotic stresses. Over the course of evolution, they have developed multiple mechanisms to sense and transduce environmental stimuli for appropriate responses. Among those, phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, regulated by protein kinases and protein phosphatases, respectively, are considered as crucial signal transduction mechanisms. Regarding the latter group, protein phosphatases type 2C (PP2Cs) represent the largest division of PPs. In addition, discovery of regulatory functions of PP2Cs in abscisic acid (ABA)-signaling pathway, the major signal transduction pathway in abiotic stress responses, indicates significant importance of PP2C members in plant adaptation to adverse environmental factors. In this review, current understanding of the roles of PP2Cs in different phytohormone-dependent pathways related to abiotic stress is summarized, highlighting the crosstalk between the ABA-signaling pathway with other hormonal pathways via certain ABA-related PP2Cs. We also updated progress of in planta characterization studies of PP2Cs under abiotic stress conditions, providing knowledge of PP2C manipulation in developing abiotic stress-tolerant crops.

scholarly journals ROS and NO Regulation by Melatonin Under Abiotic Stress in Plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Pardo-Hernandez ◽  
Maria Lopez-Delacalle ◽  
Rosa M Rivero
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Physiological Reactions

Abiotic stress in plants is an increasingly common problem in agriculture, and thus, studies on plant treatments with specific certain compounds that may help to mitigate these effects have increased in recent years Melatonin (MET) application and its role in mitigating the negative effects of abiotic stress in plants have become important in the last few years. MET, a derivative of tryptophan, is an important plant-related response molecule involved in the growth, development, and reproduction of plants, and the induction of different stress factors. In addition, MET plays a protective role against different abiotic stresses such as salinity, high/low temperature, high light, waterlogging, nutrient deficiency and stress combination by regulating both the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems. Also, MET interacts with many signaling molecules, among these, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), and participates in a wide variety of physiological reactions. It is well known that NO produces S-nitrosylation and NO2-Tyr of important antioxidant-related proteins, being this an important mechanism for maintaining the antioxidant capacity of the AsA/GSH cycle under nitro-oxidative conditions, being extensively reviewed here under different abiotic stress conditions. Lastly, in this review, we show the coordination between NO and MET as a long-range signaling molecule, regulating many responses in plants, including plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance. Despite all the knowledge acquired over the years, there is still more to know about how MET and NO act on tolerance to abiotic stresses.

scholarly journals ROS and NO Regulation by Melatonin Under Abiotic Stress in Plants

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1078
Author(s):  
Miriam Pardo-Hernández ◽  
Maria López-Delacalle ◽  
Rosa M. Rivero
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Physiological Reactions

Abiotic stress in plants is an increasingly common problem in agriculture, and thus, studies on plant treatments with specific compounds that may help to mitigate these effects have increased in recent years. Melatonin (MET) application and its role in mitigating the negative effects of abiotic stress in plants have become important in the last few years. MET, a derivative of tryptophan, is an important plant-related response molecule involved in the growth, development, and reproduction of plants, and the induction of different stress factors. In addition, MET plays a protective role against different abiotic stresses such as salinity, high/low temperature, high light, waterlogging, nutrient deficiency and stress combination by regulating both the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems. Moreover, MET interacts with many signaling molecules, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), and participates in a wide variety of physiological reactions. It is well known that NO produces S-nitrosylation and NO2-Tyr of important antioxidant-related proteins, with this being an important mechanism for maintaining the antioxidant capacity of the AsA/GSH cycle under nitro-oxidative conditions, as extensively reviewed here under different abiotic stress conditions. Lastly, in this review, we show the coordinated actions between NO and MET as a long-range signaling molecule, regulating many responses in plants, including plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance. Despite all the knowledge acquired over the years, there is still more to know about how MET and NO act on the tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses.

Identification of conserved genes linked to responses to abiotic stresses in leaves among different plant species

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Imen Balti ◽  
Jubina Benny ◽  
Anna Perrone ◽  
Tiziano Caruso ◽  
Donia Abdallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment ◽  
Gene Set

As a consequence of global climate change, certain stress factors that have a negative impact on crop productivity such as heat, cold, drought and salinity are becoming increasingly prevalent. We conducted a meta-analysis to identify genes conserved across plant species involved in (1) general abiotic stress conditions, and (2) specific and unique abiotic stress factors (drought, salinity, extreme temperature) in leaf tissues. We collected raw data and re-analysed eight RNA-Seq studies using our previously published bioinformatic pipeline. A total of 68 samples were analysed. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed using MapMan and PageMan whereas DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualisation and Integrated Discovery) was used for metabolic process enrichment analysis. We identified of a total of 5122 differentially expressed genes when considering all abiotic stresses (3895 were upregulated and 1227 were downregulated). Jasmonate-related genes were more commonly upregulated by drought, whereas gibberellin downregulation was a key signal for drought and heat. In contrast, cold stress clearly upregulated genes involved in ABA (abscisic acid), cytokinin and gibberellins. A gene (non-phototrophic hypocotyl) involved in IAA (indoleacetic acid) response was induced by heat. Regarding secondary metabolism, as expected, MVA pathway (mevalonate pathway), terpenoids and alkaloids were generally upregulated by all different stresses. However, flavonoids, lignin and lignans were more repressed by heat (cinnamoyl coA reductase 1 and isopentenyl pyrophosphatase). Cold stress drastically modulated genes involved in terpenoid and alkaloids. Relating to transcription factors, AP2-EREBP, MADS-box, WRKY22, MYB, homoebox genes members were significantly modulated by drought stress whereas cold stress enhanced AP2-EREBPs, bZIP members, MYB7, BELL 1 and one bHLH member. C2C2-CO-LIKE, MADS-box and a homeobox (HOMEOBOX3) were mostly repressed in response to heat. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation was enhanced by heat, which unexpectedly repressed glutaredoxin genes. Cold stress mostly upregulated MAP kinases (mitogen-activated protein kinase). Findings of this work will allow the identification of new molecular markers conserved across crops linked to major genes involved in quantitative agronomic traits affected by different abiotic stress.

scholarly journals An Insight into the Abiotic Stress Responses of Cultivated Beets (Beta vulgaris L.)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Seher Yolcu ◽  
Hemasundar Alavilli ◽  
Pushpalatha Ganesh ◽  
Muhammad Asif ◽  
Manu Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors

Cultivated beets (sugar beets, fodder beets, leaf beets, and garden beets) belonging to the species Beta vulgaris L. are important sources for many products such as sugar, bioethanol, animal feed, human nutrition, pulp residue, pectin extract, and molasses. Beta maritima L. (sea beet or wild beet) is a halophytic wild ancestor of all cultivated beets. With a requirement of less water and having shorter growth period than sugarcane, cultivated beets are preferentially spreading from temperate regions to subtropical countries. The beet cultivars display tolerance to several abiotic stresses such as salt, drought, cold, heat, and heavy metals. However, many environmental factors adversely influence growth, yield, and quality of beets. Hence, selection of stress-tolerant beet varieties and knowledge on the response mechanisms of beet cultivars to different abiotic stress factors are most required. The present review discusses morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of cultivated beets (B. vulgaris L.) to different abiotic stresses including alkaline, cold, heat, heavy metals, and UV radiation. Additionally, we describe the beet genes reported for their involvement in response to these stress conditions.

scholarly journals Nitrogen in plants: from nutrition to the modulation of abiotic stress adaptation

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Yuan Ye ◽  
Wen Hao Tian ◽  
Chong Wei Jin
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Molecular Processes ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Sessile Organisms

AbstractNitrogen is one of the most important nutrient for plant growth and development; it is strongly associated with a variety of abiotic stress responses. As sessile organisms, plants have evolved to develop efficient strategies to manage N to support growth when exposed to a diverse range of stressors. This review summarizes the recent progress in the field of plant nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) uptake, which are the two major forms of N that are absorbed by plants. We explore the intricate relationship between NO3-/NH4+ and abiotic stress responses in plants, focusing on stresses from nutrient deficiencies, unfavorable pH, ions, and drought. Although many molecular details remain unclear, research has revealed a number of core signaling regulators that are associated with N-mediated abiotic stress responses. An in-depth understanding and exploration of the molecular processes that underpin the interactions between N and abiotic stresses is useful in the design of effective strategies to improve crop growth, development, and productivity.

scholarly journals How Abiotic Stress Conditions Affects Plant Roots

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raziye Kul ◽  
Melek Ekinci ◽  
Metin Turan ◽  
Selda Ors ◽  
Ertan Yildirim
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
High And Low Temperatures

Roots are generally subject to more abiotic stress than shoots. Therefore, they can be affected by such stresses as much as, or even more, than above ground parts of a plant. However, the effect of abiotic stresses on root structure and development has been significantly less studied than above ground parts of plants due to limited availability for root observations. Roots have functions such as connecting the plant to the environment in which it grows, uptaking water and nutrients and carrying them to the above-ground organs of the plant, secreting certain hormones and organic compounds, and thus ensuring the usefulness of nutrients in the nutrient solution. Roots also send some hormonal signals to the body in stress conditions such as drought, nutrient deficiencies, salinity, to prevent the plant from being damaged, and ensure that the above-ground part takes the necessary precautions to adapt to these adverse conditions. Salinity, drought, radiation, high and low temperatures, heavy metals, flood, and nutrient deficiency are abiotic stress factors and they negatively affect plant growth, productivity and quality. Given the fact that impending climate change increases the frequency, duration, and severity of stress conditions, these negative effects are estimated to increase. This book chapter reviews to show how abiotic stress conditions affect growth, physiological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of plant roots.

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