scholarly journals How Abiotic Stress Conditions Affects Plant Roots

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raziye Kul ◽  
Melek Ekinci ◽  
Metin Turan ◽  
Selda Ors ◽  
Ertan Yildirim
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
High And Low Temperatures

Roots are generally subject to more abiotic stress than shoots. Therefore, they can be affected by such stresses as much as, or even more, than above ground parts of a plant. However, the effect of abiotic stresses on root structure and development has been significantly less studied than above ground parts of plants due to limited availability for root observations. Roots have functions such as connecting the plant to the environment in which it grows, uptaking water and nutrients and carrying them to the above-ground organs of the plant, secreting certain hormones and organic compounds, and thus ensuring the usefulness of nutrients in the nutrient solution. Roots also send some hormonal signals to the body in stress conditions such as drought, nutrient deficiencies, salinity, to prevent the plant from being damaged, and ensure that the above-ground part takes the necessary precautions to adapt to these adverse conditions. Salinity, drought, radiation, high and low temperatures, heavy metals, flood, and nutrient deficiency are abiotic stress factors and they negatively affect plant growth, productivity and quality. Given the fact that impending climate change increases the frequency, duration, and severity of stress conditions, these negative effects are estimated to increase. This book chapter reviews to show how abiotic stress conditions affect growth, physiological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of plant roots.

scholarly journals ROS and NO Regulation by Melatonin Under Abiotic Stress in Plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Pardo-Hernandez ◽  
Maria Lopez-Delacalle ◽  
Rosa M Rivero
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Physiological Reactions

Abiotic stress in plants is an increasingly common problem in agriculture, and thus, studies on plant treatments with specific certain compounds that may help to mitigate these effects have increased in recent years Melatonin (MET) application and its role in mitigating the negative effects of abiotic stress in plants have become important in the last few years. MET, a derivative of tryptophan, is an important plant-related response molecule involved in the growth, development, and reproduction of plants, and the induction of different stress factors. In addition, MET plays a protective role against different abiotic stresses such as salinity, high/low temperature, high light, waterlogging, nutrient deficiency and stress combination by regulating both the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems. Also, MET interacts with many signaling molecules, among these, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), and participates in a wide variety of physiological reactions. It is well known that NO produces S-nitrosylation and NO2-Tyr of important antioxidant-related proteins, being this an important mechanism for maintaining the antioxidant capacity of the AsA/GSH cycle under nitro-oxidative conditions, being extensively reviewed here under different abiotic stress conditions. Lastly, in this review, we show the coordination between NO and MET as a long-range signaling molecule, regulating many responses in plants, including plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance. Despite all the knowledge acquired over the years, there is still more to know about how MET and NO act on tolerance to abiotic stresses.

scholarly journals ROS and NO Regulation by Melatonin Under Abiotic Stress in Plants

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1078
Author(s):  
Miriam Pardo-Hernández ◽  
Maria López-Delacalle ◽  
Rosa M. Rivero
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Physiological Reactions

Abiotic stress in plants is an increasingly common problem in agriculture, and thus, studies on plant treatments with specific compounds that may help to mitigate these effects have increased in recent years. Melatonin (MET) application and its role in mitigating the negative effects of abiotic stress in plants have become important in the last few years. MET, a derivative of tryptophan, is an important plant-related response molecule involved in the growth, development, and reproduction of plants, and the induction of different stress factors. In addition, MET plays a protective role against different abiotic stresses such as salinity, high/low temperature, high light, waterlogging, nutrient deficiency and stress combination by regulating both the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems. Moreover, MET interacts with many signaling molecules, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), and participates in a wide variety of physiological reactions. It is well known that NO produces S-nitrosylation and NO2-Tyr of important antioxidant-related proteins, with this being an important mechanism for maintaining the antioxidant capacity of the AsA/GSH cycle under nitro-oxidative conditions, as extensively reviewed here under different abiotic stress conditions. Lastly, in this review, we show the coordinated actions between NO and MET as a long-range signaling molecule, regulating many responses in plants, including plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance. Despite all the knowledge acquired over the years, there is still more to know about how MET and NO act on the tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses.

scholarly journals Bitkilerde Abiyotik Stres Toleransında Etkili Olan Moleküllere Örnek Olarak Eksojen Salisilik Asit Uygulamaları

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (sp3) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Ayşe Gül Nasırcılar ◽  
Kamile Ulukapı ◽  
Sevinç Şener
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Mode Of Application

Plant growth and development, which is associated with endogenous and exogenous factors, is greatly affected by abiotic stress factors such as drought, salt, high and low temperature, radiation and heavy metals. Coping with stress in plants takes place by making changes in cell metabolism under adverse conditions and activating defence mechanisms. Salicylic acid (SA) is one of the molecules that activate these mechanisms in plants and it is an internal plant growth regulator which is especially effective in responding to pathogen attacks. SA, which is a phenolic compound and also known as a plant hormone, acts as a signalling molecule under stress conditions and regulates the response of the plant under stress conditions and ensures its survival. It is known that especially exogenous SA applications provide resistance by activating pathogenicity-related genes in plants. There are many studies showing that externally applied SA increases plant resistance against abiotic stress factors as well as biotic stress factors. Exogenous SA applications were researched in different plants such as tomato, pepper, corn, maize and bean and it was found to be effective in forming resistance for salt, high and low temperature, drought and heavy metal stresses. However, some studies have shown that exogenous SA applications have inhibitory properties in some vegetative and biochemical contents of some plant species. It is concluded that the effects of SA may vary depending on the application dose, plant species and the mode of application.

scholarly journals Jute Responses and Tolerance to Abiotic Stress: Mechanisms and Approaches

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1595
Author(s):  
Khussboo Rahman ◽  
Naznin Ahmed ◽  
Md. Rakib Hossain Raihan ◽  
Farzana Nowroz ◽  
Faria Jannat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Hot And Humid Climates ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cold Metal

Jute (Corchorus spp.) belongs to the Malvaceae family, and there are two species of jute, C. capsularis and C. olitorious. It is the second-largest natural bast fiber in the world according to production, which has diverse uses not only as a fiber but also as multiple industrial materials. Because of climate change, plants experience various stressors such as salt, drought, heat, cold, metal/metalloid toxicity, and flooding. Although jute is particularly adapted to grow in hot and humid climates, it is grown under a wide variety of climatic conditions and is relatively tolerant to some environmental adversities. However, abiotic stress often restricts its growth, yield, and quality significantly. Abiotic stress negatively affects the metabolic activities, growth, physiology, and fiber yield of jute. One of the major consequences of abiotic stress on the jute plant is the generation of reactive oxygen species, which lead to oxidative stress that damages its cellular organelles and biomolecules. However, jute’s responses to abiotic stress mainly depend on the plant’s age and type and duration of stress. Therefore, understanding the abiotic stress responses and the tolerance mechanism would help plant biologists and agronomists in developing climate-smart jute varieties and suitable cultivation packages for adverse environmental conditions. In this review, we summarized the best possible recent literature on the plant abiotic stress factors and their influence on jute plants. We described the possible approaches for stress tolerance mechanisms based on the available literature.

scholarly journals Plant-Microbe Interactions in Alleviating Abiotic Stress—A Mini Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Prabhu Inbaraj
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
The Impact

Crop plants are continuously exposed to various abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, ultraviolet radiation, low and high temperatures, flooding, metal toxicities, nutrient deficiencies which act as limiting factors that hampers plant growth and low agricultural productivity. Climate change and intensive agricultural practices has further aggravated the impact of abiotic stresses leading to a substantial crop loss worldwide. Crop plants have to get acclimatized to various environmental abiotic stress factors. Though genetic engineering is applied to improve plants tolerance to abiotic stresses, these are long-term strategies, and many countries have not accepted them worldwide. Therefore, use of microbes can be an economical and ecofriendly tool to avoid the shortcomings of other strategies. The microbial community in close proximity to the plant roots is so diverse in nature and can play an important role in mitigating the abiotic stresses. Plant-associated microorganisms, such as endophytes, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), are well-documented for their role in promoting crop productivity and providing stress tolerance. This mini review highlights and discusses the current knowledge on the role of various microbes and it's tolerance mechanisms which helps the crop plants to mitigate and tolerate varied abiotic stresses.

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