scholarly journals Effects of the Irrigation with Treated Wastewaters on the Proximate Composition, Mineral, and Polyphenolic Profile of the Globe Artichoke Heads [Cynara cardunculus (L.)]

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gagliardi ◽  
Marcella Michela Giuliani ◽  
Federica Carucci ◽  
Matteo Francavilla ◽  
Giuseppe Gatta
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Globe Artichoke ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Edible Part ◽  
Caffeoylquinic Acid

The present work was carried out to evaluate the effects of irrigation with two different municipal wastewaters (secondary-treated wastewater (SW) and tertiary-treated wastewater (TW)) compared to freshwater (FW) on main qualitative parameters of three different classes of globe artichoke (main, secondary, and processing heads). The experimental trial was conducted in Southern Italy (Apulia region) for two cropping cycles (GS1 and GS2) using ‘Violetto di Provenza’ as cultivar. The artichoke heads were analyzed for proximate composition (dry matter, total sugar, total fat, ash, and total protein), percentage of edible part, mineral profile (sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, copper, iron, nickel, zinc, chloride, nitrate, phosphate, and sulphate) and polyphenolic acids content (caffeoylquinic acids and flavones). Both SW and TW treatments caused an increase of the percentage of the edible part, head protein contents, and mineral elements of the main and processing heads. Moreover, SW statistically increased the caffeoylquinic acid derivatives and the trans-ferulic acid content, while both SW and TW the flavones content. Finally, according to the multivariate analysis adopted, in our experimental conditions, the mineral component of the heads, such as chloride, potassium, copper, and zinc content, had a greater weight in the separation of FW, SW, and TW. On the other hand, the polyphenolic 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, trans-ferulic acid, and 1,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid had a greater weight in the separation of the head class groups (main, secondary, and processing). Moreover, the trans-ferulic acid content of the heads was related both to the irrigation water type and to the different head classes.

scholarly journals The Influence of Flower Head Order and Gibberellic Acid Treatment on the Hydroxycinnamic Acid and Luteolin Derivatives Content in Globe Artichoke Cultivars

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1813
Author(s):  
María José Giménez ◽  
Marina Giménez-Berenguer ◽  
María Emma García-Pastor ◽  
Joaquín Parra ◽  
Pedro Javier Zapata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid ◽  
Flower Head ◽  
Globe Artichoke ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Head Weight ◽  
Gibberellic Acid Treatment

Flower head orders and the use of GA3 (gibberellic acid) treatment could be two influencing factors determining the bioactive compound levels in artichoke, but little to no information is available about their effects. In this study, we have therefore evaluated the influence of these factors on the hydroxycinnamic acid and luteolin derivative levels in three categories of artichoke: Seed-propagated open-pollinated cultivars; vegetatively propagated cultivars; and seed-propagated hybrids. The hydroxycinnamic acids and luteolin derivatives were quantified by RP-HPLC-DAD. The average flower head weight was the lowest in tertiary heads and GA3-treated artichokes, followed by secondary and main heads. Moreover, the hydroxycinnamic acid and luteolin derivatives levels were significantly higher in tertiary heads than in secondary or main heads. In addition, the GA3 treatment significantly reduced the hydroxycinnamic acid content and, in contrast, improved luteolin derivatives levels. These effects depended on the flower head order and cultivar. Knowledge of the effects of flower head order and GA3 treatment is therefore key in order to achieve the greatest health-benefits from artichoke consumption.

scholarly journals Influence of saprophages (Isopoda, Diplopoda) on leaf litter decomposition under different levels of humidification and chemical loading

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-389
Author(s):  
A. P. Pokhylenko ◽  
O. O. Didur ◽  
Y. L. Kulbachko ◽  
L. P. Bandura ◽  
S. A. Chernykh
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Leaf Litter Decomposition ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Chemical Stress ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Different Levels

The paper presents a study about the influence of two saprophage groups (Isopoda, Diplopoda) on leaf litter decomposition under different levels of humidification and chemical stress. Because of their worldwide distribution, we focused on the common pillbug Armadillidium vulgare (Latreille, 1804) (Isopoda, Armadillidiidae), and the common millipede species Rossiulus kessleri (Lohmander, 1927) (Julida, Julidae). The function of environment creation by the given saprophages, as destructors of dead plant matter, supporting such ecosystem services as soil fertility improvement and nutrients’ turnover, is highlighted. To conduct the experiment, the animals were collected manually and using pitfall trapping. In order to bring the experimental conditions closer to the natural, the individuals were not sexed. The maximum consumption of leaf litter by woodlice was recorded in the conditions with adequate moisture (0.5 mL of distilled water per box) and amounted to 2.52 mg/10 individuals per day, which exceeds its consumption with low and increased moisture, respectively, by 1.82 and 1.24 times. As for the effect of interaction, the consumption of maple litter with optimal moisture (4.77 mg/10 individuals per day) was the greatest. The largest absolute difference between broad-leaved tree species in the average weight of leaf litter consumed by woodlice was between maple leaf litter and oak leaf litter, the minimum – between robinia leaf litter and oak leaf litter. According to the results of the obtained data (Diplopoda), it can be stated that there is a statistically significant effect of chemical stress and discrepancy of the average zinc content in the object of study (in Diplopoda and their faecal pellets). We found that the diet provided did not affect the distribution of zinc in Diplopoda under conditions of chemical stress. According to the results of pairwise comparisons, we determined that the zinc content in the Diplopoda clearly differs for control and almost every concentration of zinc sulfate solution – 0.03 and 0.15 g/L, the samples of which do not form a homogeneous group. The species composition, abundance and distribution in space of soil invertebrates are informative indicators which reflect the ecological state of soils, intensity in development of soil horizons as well as intensity of processes occurring in them.

scholarly journals Ferulic Acid Content of Barley and Wheat Grains and Head Blight Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-255
Author(s):  
Seul Gi Baek ◽  
Sosoo Kim ◽  
Ja Yeong Jang ◽  
Jeomsoon Kim ◽  
Theresa Lee
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Grains

scholarly journals Composition of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and the Rheological Characteristics of its Starch

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Rodríguez-Sosa ◽  
O. Parsi-Ros ◽  
M. A. González
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Tuberous Root ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Rheological Characteristics ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Toxicity Level

Proximate composition of two edible commercial varieties of cassava (M. esculenta Crantz) grown in Puerto Rico, and the rheological characteristics of their starch were determined. These included variety Pana which has a light tan skin and a dark-skinned variety known as Zenón, or Yuca Negra de Maca (Black Maca cassava), in the Dominican Republic. Proximate composition was found to be about the same for both varieties. Hydrocyanic acid content was well below the toxicity level (50 to 100 mg HCN/kg of fresh-peeled tuberous root). Although pasting temperatures were the same for both varieties (63° C), viscosity values of the starch of Pana variety were somewhat higher than those of Zenón.

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