scholarly journals Plant Density Influences Reproductive Growth, Lint Yield and Boll Spatial Distribution of Cotton

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nangial Khan ◽  
Yingchun Han ◽  
Fangfang Xing ◽  
Lu Feng ◽  
Zhanbiao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Lint Yield ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Plant Densities

The number of cotton plants grown per unit of ground area has gained attention due to the high prices of inputs and lower production. Cotton yield per unit of area in Henan province has been stagnant in the last few years. The objectives of this study were to investigate cotton growth, yield, boll spatial distribution and biomass accumulation using different plant densities at cultivation and to find out the optimal plant density. A 2-year field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design under six plant densities (D1, 15,000; D2, 33,000; D3, 51,000; D4, 69,000; D5, 87,000 and D6, 105,000 ha−1). Cotton grown at lower plant density produced taller plants and high number of leaves per plant while greater number of branches, fruiting nodes and high number of bolls per unit of ground area were produced under high plant density. Boll retention rate decreased as plant population increased and at nodes 1–8 the rate decreased slowly and then increased dramatically. The highest seed cotton yield (4546 kg ha−1) and lint yield (1682 kg ha−1) was produced by D5. The seed cotton and lint yield produced by D5 were 51–55%, 40–37%, 22–26%, 11–15%, 12–15%, 28–30%, 21–24%, 15–20%, 7–13% and 13–17% higher than D1, D2, D3, D4 and D6 during both years of experimentation, respectively. The increase in seed yield was due to higher biomass accumulation in reproductive organs under D5 plant density. The highest average (110.4 VA kg ha−1 d−1) and maximum (126 VM kg ha−1 d−1) rate of reproductive organs biomass was also accumulated by D5 as compared to other plant densities. The results suggest that D5 is the optimal plant density for high reproductive biomass accumulation and high yield for the area of Henan province.

scholarly journals Comparative Yield, Fiber Quality and Dry Matter Production of Cotton Planted at Various Densities under Equidistant Row Arrangement

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Nangial Khan ◽  
Fangfang Xing ◽  
Lu Feng ◽  
Zhanbiao Wang ◽  
Minghua Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Lint Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Area Index ◽  
High Plant Density

The number of cotton plants grown per unit area has recently gained attention due to technology expense, high input, and seed cost. Yield consistency across a series of plant populations is an attractive cost-saving option. Field experiments were conducted to compare biomass accumulation, fiber quality, leaf area index, yield and yield components of cotton planted at various densities (D1, 1.5; D2, 3.3; D3, 5.1; D4, 6.9; D5, 8.7; and D6, 10.5 plants m−2). High planting density (D5) produced 21% and 28% more lint yield as compared to low planting density (D1) during both years, respectively. The highest seed cotton yield (4662 kg/ha) and lint yield (1763 kg/ha) were produced by high plant density (D5) while the further increase in the plant population (D6) decreased the yield. The increase in yield of D5 was due to more biomass accumulation in reproductive organs as compared to other treatments. The highest average (19.2 VA gm m−2 d−1) and maximum (21.8 VM gm m−2 d−1) rates of biomass were accumulated in reproductive structures. High boll load per leaf area and leaf area index were observed in high planting density as compared to low, while high dry matter partitioning was recorded in the lowest planting density as compared to other treatments. Plants with low density had 5% greater fiber length as compared to the highest plant density, while the fiber strength and micronaire value were 10% and 15% greater than the lowest plant density. Conclusively, plant density of 8.7 plants m−2 is a promising option for enhanced yield, biomass, and uniform fiber quality of cotton.

FLOWER AND POD ABSCISSION IN SNAP BEAN AS INFLUENCED BY INFLORESCENCE POSITION, RACEME NODE, IRRIGATION AND PLANT DENSITY

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1193-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
CRAIGHTON S. MAUK ◽  
PATRICK J. BREEN ◽  
HARRY J. MACK
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
A Value ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Early Rise

Abscission and/or retention of flowers and pods formed on inflorescences arising from mainstem nodes 6 (terminal) and 2 (first trifoliolate leaf) of Oregon 1604 snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were studied during the 1978 and 1979 seasons to determine the effects of irrigation and plant population. Inflorescences at these two nodes account for the majority of the yield produced in this determinate cultivar. The influence of high (−0.06 MPa) and low (−0.25 MPa) soil water potential and plant density were also assessed. High and low plant densities were 45 vs. 18 in 1978, and 54 vs. 33 plants m−2 in 1979. Percent flower and pod abscission was signficantly less under high (62%) than low (74%) irrigation at node 6 in 1978, and at node 2 in 1978 (48 vs. 71) and 1979 (37 vs. 60). Although plant density had no effect at node 6, percent abscission at node 2 was significantly less under low than high plant density in both years. An acropetal increase in percent abscission occurred within the inflorescence at node 6, with a value of 45% at the proximal, first raceme node, and from 65 to 86% at the most distal, third raceme node. The acropetal pattern of abscission was less marked in inflorescences at node 2. A sharp rise in reproductive abscission was observed in 1978 after a 3-d period when maximum daily temperatures exceeded 34 °C. This early rise in abscission (which did not occur in the cooler 1979 season) was reduced by high irrigation (nodes 6 and 2) and low plant density (node 2). Abscission of flowers at the white bud stage or at anthesis was relatively low. The major portion of reproductive organs were shed after anthesis. High irrigation delayed abscission at both main-stem nodes, thus increasing the proportion of organs which abscised as pods. Low plant density also postponed abscission of reproductive organs at node 2, but had less effect at node 6.Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris L., anthesis, first bloom

scholarly journals Light interception and yield response of cotton varieties to high density planting and fertilizers in sub-tropical India

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1835-1839 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Y. Ajayakumar ◽  
M. R. Umesh ◽  
Shivaleela Shivaleela ◽  
J.M. Nidagundi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
High Density ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Plant Densities

Plant density and optimum fertilization are two important agronomic practices to enhance productivity of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of high density planting (HDPS) and fertilization rate, especially their interactions, on yield, yield components of cotton varieties in sub-tropical India. Split-split plot design was adopted and replicated thrice. The main plots were assigned to low, medium and high plant densities (16.7, 13.3 and 11.1 plants/m2). Pre released cotton varieties TCH-1705 and LH-2298 were tested in low, moderate and high rates of fertilizers recommended for the region (100, 125 and 150 %) in sub-sub plots. Significantly higher seed cotton yield (1148 kg/ha) was achieved in narrow inter row spaced at 60 cm over normal plant row spacing of 90 cm (1025 kg/ha). Compact genotype TCH-1705 was out yielded (1146 kg/ha) over LH 2298(1044 kg/ha). Application of fertilizers at higher rate improved seed cotton yield (1232 kg/ha) Leaf area index (3.8) and light interception (0.98) over blanket recommendation. The results of the study inferred that seed cotton yield improvement was possible under HDPS production system with compact varieties grown at narrow spacing and higher fertilizer dose.

Nitrogen reduction in high plant density cotton is feasible due to quicker biomass accumulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 114070
Author(s):  
Zhao Zhang ◽  
Muhammad Sohaib Chattha ◽  
Shoaib Ahmed ◽  
Jiahao Liu ◽  
Anda Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen Reduction ◽  
High Plant Density

scholarly journals Effect of Plant Spacing and Harvest Interval on the Growth Parameters of Moringa oleifera Lam (Periyakulam-1) in Sokoto (Semi-Arid Environment)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Harvesting Intervals ◽  
Range Test

Moringa is a typical representative of multi-purpose tropical tree crop due to the high nutritional value, it is an important source for food to many communities and provides raw materials for animal feed industries. This study investigates the influence of plant densities (15 x 15 cm, 15 x 20 cm, 20 x 20 cm, and 20 x 30 cm) and four (4) harvesting intervals (HI) of 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks was laid out using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three times. Data on silvicultural practices were collected and six (6) plants were randomly selected for harvest from each plot which were subsequently separated into leaves, stems and twigs. Fresh and air-dried weights were recorded for analysis. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used for data analysis Duncan’s Multiple Range Test was used to separate the means. Results of the present study show non-significant effects of plant density (p>0.05) between treatments. However, greater number of branches, leaves, height and biomass accumulation was recorded at 8 weeks harvesting interval. A significant interaction effects were recorded between spacing and HI.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF COTTON TO NITROGEN FERTILIZER AND SPACING BETWEEN HOLES

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alubaidi & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Lint Yield ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

This experiment was conducted at the farm of field crop department, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad during two summer seasons (2010 and 2011) in order to know the response of cotton var. Lashata to nitrogen levels and spacing between holes. A randomized complete block design under arrangement of split plot with four replications was used. The plant spacing; 10, 20 and 30 cm between holes and 75 cm between rows considered as main plots, while three nitrogen levels (150, 200 and 250 Kg N.ha-1) are considered as sub plots. The results showed that using 10 cm between hills were significantly superior in boll weight (3.69 and 4.26) gm.boll-1, seed cotton yield (3.03 and 3.6) t.ha-1 and lint yield (1.13 and 1.30) t.ha-1 in both seasons 2010 and 2011 respectively. While, 30 cm spacing significantly superior in number of open bolls (12.10 and 13.6) bolls.plant-1 and ginning percentage (39.05 and 37.44)% in both seasons respectively. The nitrogen fertilizer 250 kg N ha-1 was significantly superior in dehiscence bolls number, seed cotton yield, lint yield and ginning percentage in both seasons 2010 and 2011 respectively. It can be concluded that 'using 10 cm spacing between holes with 250 kg N ha-1 to achieve highest seed cotton yield.  

scholarly journals Effects of Ornamental Plant Density and Mineral/Plastic Media on the Removal of Domestic Wastewater Pollutants by Home Wetlands Technology

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5273
Author(s):  
Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo ◽  
Alejandro Alvarado-Lassman ◽  
María Cristina López-Méndez ◽  
Albino Martínez-Sibaja ◽  
Alberto A. Aguilar-Lasserre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Optimal Material ◽  
Planting Distance ◽  
Wastewater Pollutants

Wastewater treatment (WWT) is a priority around the world; conventional treatments are not widely used in rural areas owing to the high operating and maintenance costs. In Mexico, for instance, only 40% of wastewater is treated. One sustainable option for WWT is through the use of constructed wetlands (CWs) technology, which may remove pollutants using cells filled with porous material and vegetation that works as a natural filter. Knowing the optimal material and density of plants used per square meter in CWs would allow improving their WWT effect. In this study, the effect of material media (plastic/mineral) and plant density on the removal of organic/inorganic pollutants was evaluated. Low (three plants), medium (six plants) and high (nine plants) densities were compared in a surface area of 0.3 m2 of ornamental plants (Alpinia purpurata, Canna hybrids and Hedychium coronarium) used in polycultures at the mesocosm level of household wetlands, planted on the two different substrates. Regarding the removal of contaminants, no significant differences were found between substrates (p ≥ 0.05), indicating the use of plastic residues (reusable) is an economical option compared to typical mineral materials. However, differences (p = 0.001) in removal of pollutants were found between different plant densities. For both substrates, the high density planted CWs were able to remove COD in a range of 86–90%, PO4-P 22–33%, NH4-N in 84–90%, NO3-N 25–28% and NO2-N 38–42%. At medium density, removals of 79–81%, 26–32, 80–82%, 24–26%, and 39–41%, were observed, whereas in CWs with low density, the detected removals were 65–68%, 20–26%, 79–80%, 24–26% and 31–40%, respectively. These results revealed that higher COD and ammonia were removed at high plant density than at medium or low densities. Other pollutants were removed similarly in all plant densities (22–42%), indicating the necessity of hybrid CWs to increase the elimination of PO4-P, NO3-N and NO2-N. Moreover, high density favored 10 to 20% more the removal of pollutants than other plant densities. In addition, in cells with high density of plants and smaller planting distance, the development of new plant shoots was limited. Thus, it is suggested that the appropriate distance for this type of polyculture plants should be from 40 to 50 cm in expansion to real-scale systems in order to take advantage of the harvesting of species in these and allow species of greater foliage, favoring its growth and new shoots with the appropriate distance to compensate, in the short time, the removal of nutrients.

Effect of density on growth, development, yield and quality of kabocha (Cucurbita maxima)

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
T. Botwright ◽  
N. Mendham ◽  
B. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Growth Development

Summary. The effect of plant density on growth, development, yield and quality of kabocha (buttercup squash) (Cucurbita maxima) was examined during 1992–93, at a field site in Cambridge, Tasmania. Plant densities ranged between 0.5 and 4.7 plants/m2. Marketable and total yields were fitted to a yield–density model. Total yield followed an asymptotic trend, approaching 33 t/ha at 4.7 plants/m2, while marketable yield had a parabolic relationship with density. Marketable yield increased to a maximum of 18 t/ha at 1.1 plants/m2, while declining at higher densities because of increased numbers of undersized fruit. Yield of vine marked and callused fruit did not vary with density, but represented a significant proportion of the total yield at all densities. High plant density reduced vegetative growth per plant due to competition for limited resources; as shown by decreased leaf area, number and length of vines, and plant dry weight. Yield tended to decline at high densities because of fewer female flowers and increased fruit abortion per plant. Plants at low densities had more vegetative growth but decreased yields, as increased abortion of fruit relative to the higher plant densities left only 1–2 large fruit per plant. Economic returns varied with plant density. At high densities, variable costs increased (particularly due to high seed cost) while gross income declined reflecting the relationship between marketable yield and plant density. The gross margin therefore declined at high densities.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SPRAYING WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATION OF LICORICE EXTRACT AND PLANT DENSITIES IN GROWTH AND YIELD OF SORGHUM BICOLOR L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Mohmadi & Al-Ani
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Fall Season ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Plant Densities

A field experiment was condueted at the experimental Farm, College of Agriculture University of AL-Anbar in replace location (Abu-Gheaib) in spring season of 2017. While in Fall season it was applied at AL-saqluwiya-Anbar Province 10 km west north of Falluga city to study the effect of four levels of licorice extractor (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) (0,2,4 and 6) g.L-1 water and three (53,333, 66,666 and 88,888 plant) plant.ha-1. On growth and grain yield of Sorghum cv. Rabih. The experiment was applied using R.C.B.D. arranged in split plots with three replications. levels of plant densities were used as main-plot, while licorice extractor were used as sub-plot. Foliar application of licorice extractor was applied during vegetative growth. The results showed that, high plant density (88888) plant.h-1 significantly increase plant height and leaf area index, while most of traits were not significantly influenced by plant density including grain yield. Results revealed that foliar application of licorice extractor with 2,4,6 g.L-1 of water significantly influenced grain yield in spring season compane with control treatment and it is amounted to (9.62, 9.55 and 9.78) t.h-1 respectively. There were significant interaction between Licorice extractor and plant density in spring and fall season in grain yield. The higher grain yield of 10.31 and 10.33 t.h-1 were obtained when sorghum plants were sowing at hight density and sprayed with Licorice extractor at level          4 g.L-1 respectively

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