scholarly journals Impact of Microwave Thermal Processing on Major Grain Quality Traits of Linseed (Linum usitatissium L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-263
Author(s):  
Nikola Puvača ◽  
Dragana Ljubojević Pelić ◽  
Milica Živkov Baloš ◽  
Jovanka Lević ◽  
Radivoj Prodanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Experimental Treatments

The current study investigated the effects of thermal processing of the microwave technology on nutritive value, crude protein solubility, urease activity and amino acid profile on linseed grains. Samples were treated in a SAMSUNG GE82N-B microwave oven at 450W for 0 (L1), 60 (L2), 180 (L3), 300 (L4), and 420 (L5) seconds, respectively. Microwave treatment for 300 seconds showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in activity urease comparing to raw linseed. The raw and treated linseed protein solubility index (PDI) show statistical differences (p ≤ 0.05) between all the treatments compared. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses of samples differences in the amino acid composition between controls and experimental treatments showed that amino acids were not significantly affected (p ≥ 0.05), except isoleucine and leucine amino acid (p ≤ 0.05). From the results of the present study, it is possible to identify that the best method for improving linseed quality for animal feed is the application of microwave for 60 second (treatment L2). Our results indicate that microwave thermal processing or micronizing dry thermal processing of grains could be successfully used in large industrial feed production with a short period of time and the improved nutritional parameters of grains, increased shelf-life and the unchanged amino acid profile of treated grains.

scholarly journals Possibilities of utilization of the leftover bread

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zvonko Njezic ◽  
Jasmina Zivkovic ◽  
Biljana Cvetkovic
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Food Production ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydrothermal Processing ◽  
Baking Industry ◽  
Average Consumption

Food production is a top priority issue, as the lack of food for the continuously growing population is becoming an increasing problem in the world and in Serbia as well. Increase of food production for humans and animals can be achieved by use of new technologies in biotechnology, i.e. in bio-industry. Nowadays, there are many different ways for thermal processing of cereals: toasting, extrusion, hydrothermal processing, micronization, microwave treatment, while in Serbia, most frequently used processes are extrusion and hydrothermal processing. Baking industry is highly developed in Serbia. Bread consumption per capita in Serbia is far above average consumption in EU. According to the survey conducted, there is a significant amount of leftover bread in Serbia. Leftover bread represents an environmental problem, but also potentially valuable raw material for human food and animal feed.

Development of high protein soybean experimental lines with enhanced sulfur amino acid content

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alaa Alaswad
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Line ◽  
Modest Improvement

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Soybean is one of the most important field crops grown in the United States. Commercial soybeans contain about 36 - 40% protein and 18 - 20% oil, by dry weight. Most of the soybean produced in the U.S. is utilized for oil production and animal feed. Even though soybean is a rich source of protein for livestock and humans, the nutritional quality of soybean can be further enhanced if the concentration of sulfur containing amino acids, methionine and cysteine, can be increased. Previously, our lab has employed transgenic approaches to increase the nutritive value of soybean by expressing heterologous sulfur-rich seed proteins and by manipulating the sulfur assimilatory pathway. Even though modest improvement in the nutritive value has been obtained by these approaches, till now no high yielding soybean cultivars with high protein and high sulfur amino acid content has been developed. Such cultivars will be of great value for the agricultural industry especially in animal feed. In this study, I have crossed a South Korean high protein soybean line (Lee5) with a transgenic soybean line with elevated sulfur amino acid content (CS) and developed soybean experimental lines that were advanced to F4:5 seeds. Theses experimental lines exhibit both high protein and high sulfur amino acid content. The protein content of their seeds has been increased 8 to 14% while their oil content has decreased 5 to 7% when compared with CS. Furthermore, I have successfully introduced the cytosolic isoform of O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase (OASS), the overexpressed transgene, from CS into these crosses. The activity of OASS has been increased 5 to 20-fold in experimental lines when compared to Lee5.

scholarly journals Response of adult rats to deficiencies of different essential amino acids

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Said ◽  
D. M. Hegsted ◽  
K. C. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Fatty Livers

1. Adult rats were fed on diets free of either lysine, methionine, threonine or protein. The threonine- and protein-deficient animals lost weight at approximately the same rate, about 100 g in 14 weeks, at which time several were moribund. In contrast, lysine-deficient animals lost only about 30 g in 14 weeks and had lost only 46 g after 22 weeks, when they were killed. Methionine-deficient animals showed an intermediate response. Losses in weight of several tissues – kidney, heart and two muscles – were related to, but not necessarily proportional to, the loss of body-weight. Liver weights relative to body-weights were large in lysine- and threonine-deficient animals and smallest in methionine-deficient animals.2. Adult rats were fed on diets containing zero, a moderate amount (about twice the estimated minimal requirement) or an excess (about four times the estimated requirement) of lysine or threonine in all combinations (3 × 3 design). Analysis of variance of the body-weights, tissue weights and tissue nitrogen contents indicated, in general, a significant effect of each amino acid, as expected, but also, in most instances, a significant interaction. Plasma concentrations of lysine and threonine were affected by the intakes of the respective amino acids, but plasma lysine concentrations were also affected by the threonine intake.3. Liver histology also suggested significant interactions between the two amino acids. Animals given no lysine but moderate amounts of threonine developed severely fatty livers; next most severely affected were animals receiving excess of both amino acids. Threonine deficiency, in the presence or absence of lysine, produced moderately fatty livers similar to those seen in protein-deficient animals.4. Since animals have varying ability to conserve body nitrogen when they are fed on diets limiting in different essential amino acids, measurements of biological value (BV) and net protein utilization by conventional methods, over a short period of time, over-estimate nutritive value relative to amino acid score and probably over-estimate the true nutritive value of poor-quality proteins, particularly those limiting in lysine. If so, this is a serious error, since it leads to underestimates of the protein requirements if BV is used. The fact that certain tissues, particularly the liver, do not necessarily lose nitrogen in proportion to total body nitrogen and may show specific pathological effects depending on the limiting amino acid or the proportions of amino acids in the diet also indicates that general measures of nitrogen economy may not be sufficiently discriminating tests of the nutritive value of proteins.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Protein Level and Amino Acid Profile in Eels (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard and Anguilla bicolor) of Lake Poso -

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Jamaluddin ◽  
Nur Atina ◽  
Yonelian Yuyun
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Anguilla Marmorata ◽  
Two Samples

In this study used a sample of eel fish species Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard and Anguilla bicolor from Poso lake that has a high protein content and is a fish endemic to Central Sulawesi. These eels are consumed by the surrounding community of the lake, but the nutritional content remains unknown. The present research was aimed to determine the protein level and amino acid profile of Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard and Anguilla bicolor eels. The protein level testing used Kjeldahl method, and amino acid profile used High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The results demonstrate the protein level of the two samples Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard eels have a protein content of 41.84% and Anguilla bicoloreels at 33.75%. Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard and Anguilla bicolor eels contain 18 types of amino acid, comprised of 9 types of essential amino acids and 9 types of non-essential amino acids. Of the two samples of eel species Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard and Anguilla bicolor, have complete protein quality because it has all kinds of essential amino acids.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PERIOD OF BOILING FULL-FAT SOYA BEANS ON ITS AMINO ACID PROFILE AND ON PERFORMANCE OF PIGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
T. F. BALOGUN ◽  
F. G. KAANKUKA ◽  
G. S. BAWA
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Amino Acid Analysis ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Large White ◽  
Soyabean Meal

Amino acid analysis and 2 growth studies were carried out to determine the effect of period of boiling of full-fat soyabeans on their nutritive value for weanling and growing pigs. Soyabeans were boiled in water for 15, 20, 25 or 30 minutes in Experiment 1 and 25, 30, 35 or 40 minutes in Experiment 2. Forty cross-bred (Large White x Hampshire) pigs were used in each of the experiments. Period of boiling had no effect on amino acid analysis of full-fat soyabeans. Weanling pigs had the best growth performance when soyabeans were boiled for 30 minutes ad this was not significantly different (P>0.05) from the soyabean meal control diet. Period of boiling of full-fat soyabeans did not significantly (P>0.05) affect the performance of the heavier pigs, although improvfement was observed up to 30 minutes of boiling.

Yeast Proteins Originated from the Production of Brazilian Bioethanol Quantification and Content

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Steckelberg ◽  
Maria da GraÇa Stupiello Andrietta ◽  
Silvio Roberto Andrietta ◽  
Erika Nogueira Andrade Stupielloé
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
The One

AbstractThe purpose of this work was to determine the levels of protein and the amino acid distribution in the cell mass of yeast strains (Saccharomyces sensu stricto) originated from Brazilian bioethanol industries. The protein was analyzed with the Kjeldahl method and the amino acids, by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The percentages of the protein found ranged from 39 to 49%. The results show that in spite of some variation in numbers between the different yeast strains, all of them presented an amino acid profile similar to the one in the literature for S. cerevisae. The amino acids that have occurred in the largest amounts were: aspartic, glutamic acids and lysine, and those in the lowest amounts were: cysteine and methionine. Although the characteristics of the feedstock used and the process conditions are determinant of the protein values obtained in dry mass, this work elucidates that the intrinsic properties of the yeast strain influence these values.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of differently processed Cattle Hoof meal Waste as Feedstuff Ingredient

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
A. E. Falaye ◽  
S. O. Sule
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Slaughter House ◽  
Significant Difference

Waste generation at slaughter from ruminant has led to environmental concerns. Processing slaughter house waste will reduce the problem of disposal and possible utilisation in livestock feed. Subjecting Cattle hoof meal to different processing methods can help in enhancing its nutritive value. Cattle hoof were obtained from the slaughter house; raw hoof was subjected to processing methods by boiling; chemical treatment with 10 % soda ash + boiling; fermentation treatment in water + boiling; 10 % wood ash treatment in water + boiling; autoclave treatment and samples analysed for proximate composition, amino acid profile and mineral content analysis according to standard methods. The hoof proximal analysis ranged 9.30 ± 0.06 % – 12.39 ± 0.01 % moisture content; 0.34 ± 0.01 % – 2.50 ± 0.12 % ash; 0.31 ± 0.01 % – 1.47 ± 0.02 % crude fat; 0.19 ± 0.02 % – 12.71 ± 0.15 % crude fibre and 85.27 ± 0.20 % – 90.74 ± 0.26 % crude protein in all samples. The amino acids profile of the hoof showed significant difference among treated samples. Tryptophan an essential amino acid was below detectable limit in all processed samples and raw hoof. The essential and non-essential minerals content showed significant difference (P < 0.05) among treatments with highest (Mg, Fe, K) in wood ash; (Cu) in raw hoof; (Ca, Na, P, Mn, Zn) in autoclaved samples. This study, suggest that Cattle hoof has the potential of being exploited as a source of animal protein for feed formulation in animal nutrition. This research concludes that the different processing methods affect the nutritive profiles of treated samples hence supplementation of limiting amino acids envisaged.

scholarly journals Fatty and amino acid profile of mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-180
Author(s):  
Igor Jajic ◽  
Aleksandra Popovic ◽  
Miroslav Urosevic ◽  
Sasa Krstovic ◽  
Milos Petrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Scale Production

The yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L., Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is an edible insect, distributed worldwide and a convenient candidate for industrial-scale production. Mealworms could be commercially used for the substitution of conventional protein sources. In our previous study, it was found that T. molitor larvae predominantly contained crude protein (55.83%) and crude fat (25.19%), as well as low content of nitrogen-free extract (based on dry weight). Mealworm specimens were maintained in an incubator under controlled conditions in plastic containers. Insects were sieved and put into the container with boiling water and cooked for 180 seconds. Moisture content was determined as weight loss after drying of larvae. Amino acids were determined on an Agilent Technologies 1260 series HPLC system. Fatty acid composition was determined on a Thermo Scientific TRACE 1300 gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector using TR-FAME column. The results showed that the content of unsaturated fatty acid is very high, i.e. oleic acid (C18:1) formed the major lipid component in 40.83%, which was followed by linoleic acid (C18:2, omega-6 fatty acid) with 29.80% and linolenic acid (C18:3) with 1.08%. The essential amino acids are highly represented in the samples (in % dry matter). This primarily refers to isoleucine (4.12), tyrosine (3.86), phenylalanine (3.06), leucine (2.96), lysine (2.67) and methionine (1.76). The differences in essential fatty and amino acid content between our results and discussed literature data, could be the consequence of different substrates used for rearing of insects. After everything stated above, the biological value of T. molitor larvae proves that it could be suitable as animal feed.

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