scholarly journals Learning from Incidents: A Qualitative Study in the Continuing Airworthiness Sector

Aerospace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Clare ◽  
Kyriakos I. Kourousis
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Just Culture

Learning from incidents (LFI) is a useful approach when examining past events and developing measures to prevent ensuing recurrence. Although the reporting of incidents in the aircraft maintenance and continuing airworthiness domain is well appointed, it is often unclear how the maximum effect of safety data can be efficaciously applied in support of LFI in the area. From semi-structured interviews, with thirty-four participants, the gathered data were thematically analyzed with the support of NVivo software. This study establishes a relationship between an incident in its lifecycle and the learning process. The main aim of this work is to elucidate factors that enable LFI. The analysis of the data revealed, for example, the benefits of a just culture and the use of formal continuation training programs in this respect. Moreover, it identified limitations inherent in current processes such as poor event causation and poorly designed learning syllabi. Additionally, aspects such as a lack of regulatory requirements for competence in the areas of learning for managers and accountable persons currently exist. This thematic analysis could be used in support of organizations examining their own processes for learning from incidents. Additionally, it can support the development of terms of reference for a continuing airworthiness regulatory working group to examine, strengthen and better apply LFI in the aviation industry.

scholarly journals Experiences of New Zealand Haemodialysis Patients in Relation to Food and Nutrition Management: A Qualitative Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2299
Author(s):  
Rachael M. McLean ◽  
Zhengxiu Xie ◽  
Vicky Nelson ◽  
Vili Nosa ◽  
Hla Thein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Culturally Appropriate ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Nutrition Management ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Major Disruption

People receiving haemodialysis have considerable and complex dietary and healthcare needs, including co-morbidities. A recent New Zealand study has shown that few patients on haemodialysis are able to meet nutritional requirements for haemodialysis. This study aims to describe the perspectives and experiences of dietary management among patients on haemodialysis in New Zealand. This exploratory qualitative study used in-depth semi-structured interviews. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants from different ethnic groups. Forty interviews were conducted, audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. An inductive approach was taken using thematic analysis. Forty participants were interviewed. Participants spoke of major disruption to their lives as a result of their chronic kidney disease and being on haemodialysis, including loss of employment, financial challenges, loss of independence, social isolation and increased reliance on extended family. Most had received adequate dietary information, although some felt that more culturally appropriate support would have enabled a healthier diet. These findings show that further support to make the recommended dietary changes while on haemodialysis should focus on socio-cultural factors, in addition to the information already provided.

Healthcare and Terrorism: The Lebanese Experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Nooreddine Iskandar ◽  
Tatiana Rahbany ◽  
Ali Shokor
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Common ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background: Due to the common instability caused by political and security issues, Lebanese hospitals have experienced acts of terrorism multiple times. The most recent Beirut Explosion even forced several hospitals to cease operations for the first time in decades—but studies show the preparedness levels for such attacks in similar countries are low. Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the experience of Lebanese hospitals with terrorist attacks. Methods: This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews with various stakeholders to assess their experience with terrorist bombings. Data was analyzed using the thematic analysis method. Results: The researchers found that Lebanese hospitals vary greatly in their structures and procedures. Those differences are a function of 3 contextual factors: location, culture, and accreditation status. Hospitals found near ‘dangerous zones’ were more likely to be aware and to have better response to such events. A severe lack of communication, unity of command, and collaboration between stakeholders has made the process fragmented. Conclusion: The researchers recommend a larger role for the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) in this process, and the creation of a platform where Lebanese organizations can share their experiences to improve preparedness and resilience of the Lebanese healthcare system in the face of terrorism.

Exploring novice Indian school counsellors’ experiences collaborating with teachers and administrators

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Aashna Sadana ◽  
Aneesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
School Climate ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Indian School ◽  
School Counsellors ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Collaboration Strategies

Abstract Previous studies have shown that collaboration between school counsellors and other stakeholders such as teachers and administrators leads to improved outcomes for students and a better school climate. The current qualitative study explored the experiences and perceptions of novice school counsellors in India regarding collaboration with teachers and administrators. The sample included 11 novice school counsellors working in five different cities who were recruited using purposive sampling. The thematic analysis of the data collected via semistructured interviews revealed six main themes: ‘Counsellors’ perceptions about collaboration’, ‘Collaboration with teachers’, ‘Collaboration with administrators’, ‘Challenges faced during collaboration’, ‘Strategies helpful in collaboration’ and ‘Impact of training’. Implications discussed include the need for school counsellors to advocate for their role, the need for training programs to prepare stakeholders for collaboration, and the need for policies to integrate the role of a school counsellor into schools.

Students’ perception of effective learning experiences at an Iranian dental school: A qualitative study using the critical incident technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-24
Author(s):  
Rojin Soleimanzadeh ◽  
Kousha Sarpari ◽  
Nasrin Abdi ◽  
Parisa Heydari ◽  
Yadolah Zarezadeh
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Critical Incident Technique ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Effective Learning ◽  
Perceived Experiences

Background: Dental students need to learn effectively to promote their professional services as a part of their daily activities. This study is conducted to determine dentistry students’ experiences of factors that influence their learning. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using the critical incident technique and content analysis approach to examine dental students’ experiences with factors that influence an effective learning process. Data were collected by individual in-depth semi-structured interviews with dental students at the Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. Results: In all, 104 primary codes were obtained from the interviews and group discussions, classified into two major themes. The factors facilitating effective learning encompassed three categories: teacher-related perceived experiences (8 subcategories), learning-related perceived experiences (5 subcategories), and compelling student-related perceived experiences (3 subcategories). Two factors inhibited learning: practical teacher-related perceived experiences (3 subcategories) and learning-related perceived experiences (3 subcategories). Conclusion: The results showed that several instructor characteristics, such as being experienced in teaching methods, having the required clinical skills, and "interacting with students and patients" lead to effective learning. Several other factors involved in the learning process, such as student characteristics, a comprehensive curriculum fitting the theoretical and clinical needs of this field, interacting with peers, and keeping calm and being focused are the some of the most critical factors involved in effective learning.

scholarly journals Understanding Relationship between Milestone and Decision-Making in Project Management: A Qualitative Study among Project Managers in Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umar Altahtooh ◽  
Thamir Alaskar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Project Management ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Pragmatic Research ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Despite the importance of milestone as a key knowledge in project management, there has been lack of research to understand the relationship between milestones and decision-making. This paper presents a pragmatic research context that aims understanding the nature of milestones and their relationship with different decision-making structures and responsibilities across projects. Data were collected through 14 semi-structured interviews with project managers and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings explore the concepts of project milestones among project managers in Saudi Arabia. The paper finds that there is a relationship between milestones and the impact on decision-making.

scholarly journals The aftermath of burn injury from the child’s perspective: A qualitative study

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 2464-2474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marthe R Egberts ◽  
Rinie Geenen ◽  
Alette EE de Jong ◽  
Helma WC Hofland ◽  
Nancy EE Van Loey
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Psychosocial Impact ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Psychological Barriers ◽  
Injury Event ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Vivid Memories

A burn injury event and subsequent hospitalization are potentially distressing for children. To elucidate the child’s experience of pediatric burn injury, children’s reflections on the burn event and its aftermath were examined. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight children (12–17 years old). Using thematic analysis, interview transcripts were coded and codes were combined into overarching categories. Three categories were identified: vivid memories; the importance of parental support; psychosocial impact and coping. Implications for care are discussed in terms of assessing children’s appraisals, paying attention to the parent’s role, and preparing families for potential psychological barriers after discharge.

scholarly journals Swimming for dementia: An exploratory qualitative study: Innovative practice

Dementia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 776-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Hobden ◽  
Mary Swallow ◽  
Charlotte Beer ◽  
Tom Dening
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Local Group ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Innovative Practice ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
The Impact

Swimming is a non-weight bearing form of exercise that can be enjoyable and promote physical fitness. This qualitative study investigated a local group established as part of a national dementia swimming initiative. Semi-structured interviews with people with dementia (N = 4), carers or companions (N = 4) and the organisers and facilitators of the group (N = 6) were analysed using thematic analysis. This revealed four main themes: (1) the pleasure of swimming and its benefits as a form of exercise and for building confidence and empowering participants, (2) the importance of insight and empathy in creating a safe and secure experience, (3) the impact of dementia and (4) how participants valued being part of a group ‘all in the same boat’. ‘Dementia friendly swimming’ appears to be a valuable form of exercise, but it requires considerable preparation and support to make it happen.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes and Expectations of Physicians with Respect to Palliative Care in Ecuador: A Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Dávalos-Batallas ◽  
Vinita Mahtani-Chugani ◽  
Carla López-Núñez ◽  
Víctor Duque ◽  
Fatima Leon-Larios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Medical Professional ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Unequal Distribution

Background: The worldwide need for palliative care is high, especially in mid- income countries like Ecuador, where the percentage of patients receiving such care is very small due to the scarcity of infrastructure and specialized personnel and to the unequal distribution in the country. The objective of this study is to explore the knowledge, attitudes and expectations related to palliative care of the physicians in Ecuador. Methods: A qualitative study based on 28 semi-structured interviews, from March 2014 to November 2016, with physicians working in four cities in Ecuador recruited through the snowball technique. Thematic analysis was developed supported by the ATLAS.ti software. Results: Five core themes were identified: (1) training, (2) health policy, (3) professionals’ activities, (4) health services and (5) development of palliative care in Ecuador. Conclusions: Strategies are needed which intensify the training of medical professional in palliative care, as well as avail the human resources and materials for providing it.

scholarly journals GPs’ decisions about prescribing anticipatory medicines at the end of life: a qualitative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. bjgp19X702809
Author(s):  
Ben Bowers ◽  
Kristian Pollock ◽  
Sam Barclay ◽  
Stephen Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Symptom Management ◽  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Family Experiences ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Purposive Sample

BackgroundGPs have a central role in decisions about prescribing anticipatory medications (AMs) to help control symptoms at the end of life. Little is known about GPs’ decision-making processes in prescribing AMs and the subsequent use of prescribed drugs.AimTo explore GPs’ decision-making processes in the prescribing and use of AMs for patients at the end of life.MethodA qualitative interpretive descriptive enquiry with a purposive sample of 13 GPs working across one English county. Data was collected in 2017 via semi-structured interviews and analysed inductively using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis.ResultsThree themes were constructed from the data: 1) ‘Something we can do’: AMs were a tangible intervention GPs felt they could offer to provide symptom relief for patients approaching death. 2) ‘Getting the timing right’: the prescribing of AMs was recognised as a harbinger of death for patients and families. GPs preferred to prescribe drugs weeks before death was expected, while recognising this meant that many prescribed AMs were never used. 3) ‘Delegating care while retaining accountability’: GPs relied on nurse to assess when to administer drugs and keep them updated about their use.ConclusionGPs view AMs as key to symptom management for dying people. AMs are routinely prescribed even though they are often not used. In order to feel comfortable delegating care, GPs need regular access to nurses and trust in their skills to administer drugs appropriately. Patient and family experiences of AMs, and their preference for involvement in decision-making about their use warrant urgent investigation.

scholarly journals Stratification of Happiness in Urban Areas in Mexico: A Qualitative Examination by Level of Marginalization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar A. Martínez-Martínez ◽  
Javier Reyes ◽  
Eder Noda
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Social Stratum ◽  
The Family ◽  
Research Findings

Although Mexico presents high levels of poverty and marginalization, it is the second happiest nation in Latin America. This raises several questions about what factors are associated with happiness at each level of marginalization and how these factors vary according to marginalization levels. We conducted a qualitative study in urban municipalities in four Mexican states, using 184 semi-structured interviews and employing a thematic analysis approach. Results suggest that happiness is a multifactorial phenomenon. Factors such as the family, health, religion, friendships, economic conditions, and fulfillment of basic needs contribute to happiness, but each of these aspects has different importance and meaning based on the level of marginalization. Evidence also shows that unhappiness is more homogeneous, regardless of the level of marginalization; thus, we can find people in both low marginalized and high-marginalized contexts that are unhappy. The research findings are relevant for the design of public policies, because they show various unsatisfied needs by level of marginalization and how not having them may affect happiness in each social stratum.

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