scholarly journals EXPTIME Hardness of an n by n Custodian Capture Game

Algorithms ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Fumitaka Ito ◽  
Masahiko Naito ◽  
Naoyuki Katabami ◽  
Tatsuie Tsukiji
Keyword(s):  
Modern Times ◽  
Board Games ◽  
Orthogonal Line ◽  
Different Cultures

Custodian capture occurs when a player has placed two of his pieces on the opposite sides of an orthogonal line of the opponent’s men. Each piece moves like the rook in Chess. Different cultures played it from pre-modern times in two-player strategy board games, Ludus Latrunculorum (Kowalski’s reconstruction), Hasami shogi in Japan, Mak-yek in Thailand and Myanmar, Ming Mang in Tibet, and so on. We prove that a custodian capture game on n×n square board is EXPTIME hard if the first player to capture five or more men in total wins.

Nationalist historiography and the English and Gaelic worlds in the late middle ages

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (97) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The North ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Coverage ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Much more so than in modern times, sharp cultural and social differences distinguished the various peoples inhabiting the British Isles in the later middle ages. Not surprisingly these differences and the interaction between medieval forms of culture and society have attracted considerable attention by historians. By comparison with other fields of research, we know much about the impact of the Westminster government on the various regions of the English polity, about the interaction between highland and lowland Scotland and about the similarities and differences between English and Gaelic Ireland. Yet the historical coverage of these questions has been uneven, and what at first glance might appear obvious and promising lines of inquiry have been largely neglected — for example the relationship between Gaelic Ireland and Gaelic Scotland, or between Wales, the north of England and the lordship of Ireland as borderlands of the English polity. No doubt the nature and extent of the surviving evidence is an important factor in explaining this unevenness, but in fact studies of interaction between different cultures seem to reflect not so much their intrinsic importance for our understanding of different late medieval societies as their perceived significance for the future development of movements culminating in the present.

scholarly journals Sensitifitas Kurikulum 2013 : Stigma Sosial dan Positifisme Pemerintah

FONDATIA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Halimatus Suhailah
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Negative Behaviors ◽  
Positive View ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
K 13 ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Many ◽  
Different Cultures

The industrial revolution marked by the term "Age Now" which is rife over the rapid advances in technology will certainly always bring negative changes to society in general and students in particular. It is characterized by negative behaviors that we often encounter in students who lack morality or morality. The reality is also indisputable because the flow of technology will increasingly develop according to modern times. One effort to filter the heavy behavior of the negative is the world of education, which is expected not only to be able to educate, provide the ability to live better in the future, but also able to improve moral eroded by the flow of negative changes. The 2013 curriculum carried by the government is an effort to realize students who are not only qualified on the cognitive side, but also excel in psychomotor and affective students. But the question is, is this positive view of K-13 able to answer the negative stigma of parents and the problems of teachers in educating students who in fact are born from different cultures, and have been strong based on the selfishness caused by ethnicity and dissent? So, this paper raises the authors of the many problems of teachers about the 2013 Curriculum Scientific Approach with descriptive qualitative research methods through the study of library reseach.

scholarly journals Visual advertisements: a tool for English language teaching?

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-137
Author(s):  
Mária Babocká
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Psychology Of Learning ◽  
Different Cultures

Abstract Advertising as one of the phenomena of modern times is often an inseparable, though undesirable part of our everyday lives. Current trends indicate that there are still more and more anglicisms, internationalisms, and particles of different cultures penetrating billboard advertisements in many towns and cities around the world, and Slovakia is no exception. The crucial question of this article is: How is it possible to use advertisements in English language teaching and learning? To answer this question, the examination is focused on: (1) defining the role and characteristic traits of advertisements; (2) searching for the linkage between the psychological principles of advertising and psychology of learning foreign languages; (3) the frequency of anglicisms and internationalisms in billboard advertisements in particular areas of selected Slovak cities; (4) concrete suggestions for teaching practice based on the previous findings.

scholarly journals Five Depictions of the Circumcision of Jesus Christ from the Croatian Sacral Heritage

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Tatjana Čulina
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Male Circumcision ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Central European ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Medical Indication ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Adriatic Coast ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Medical Values

Male circumcision has been perceived differently in different cultures. In modern times, if it is a non-medical indication, circumcision becomes the starting point of many ethical and other discussions. Its rootedness in Christianity is fixed, among other things, in sacral art and iconography. This article presents five sacral images of the Circumcision of Christ from the holdings of the Croatian sacral heritage with the aim of noticing their iconographic and sacral-medical values. In this article, it is presented the results of field research related to the identification and medical-iconographic presentation of the motive for the circumcision of Jesus Christ in the area of the northern and central Adriatic coast. Five such paintings have been recorded and will be described and compared with similar works by European masters. These are the works of Venetian and Central European provenance and were created between the 16th and 18th centuries. The basic traditional Jewish iconography is visible in all the paintings but modified according to current religious standards. These depictions from the area of Croatia contextualizing and filling in the gaps in verbal records on this topic in our region fit Croatia into an undoubted component of the European Judeo-Christian heritage and when it comes to rare iconographic depictions.

The development of forms for studying Mathematics

2020 ◽  
pp. 289-302
Author(s):  
Gert Schubring
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
General Analysis ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Middle Ages

There is a widespread conviction that institutionalised forms for studying mathematics, such that persons studying mathematics would obtain a degree and have access to a professional career, have always existed. A closer look reveals, however, that for Antiquity and for the Middle Ages, studying mathematics was essentially a solitary undertaking by a few individuals dispersed in space and time; and none of them was able to dedicate himself entirely to mathematics – typically, these few scientists were polymaths. Investigating the issue has thus been focussed on Modern Times, and then for a long time on Western Europe. Yet, it was only with the establishment of systems of public education in the wake of the French Revolution that study courses leading to degrees emerged - the long process of their development with its many facets and differences in different cultures and states has not yet been studied comprehensively. There are a number of studies on some aspects of these processes, but these do not relate them to a general analysis. This paper aims at elaborating such a general analysis.

scholarly journals Mythos of the North Pole: The Top of the World

Nordlit ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susi K. Frank
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
North Pole ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Hierarchical Order ◽  
The North ◽  
Static Image ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Different Cultures

<p align="LEFT">Not a few early twentieth-century cultural histories conceive of the development of humanity in modern times as a northward shift of the civilizational centre. In this thinking, they transform into narrative and geography the static image of a cosmos constructed along one axis of the globe, based on the Christian story of salvation. In this notion of the cosmos, with its upward-oriented vertical axis understood as a sign of hierarchical order, these histories refer back to a global symbolic legacy with origins in the cosmologies of very different cultures: the idea of the world as a mountain, the world with a mountain and a summit at its centre. In my article I trace the history of this image and its visualization from European antiquity onto the peak of heroic modernism in the first half of the twentieth century. In conclusion I ask what kind of transformation this image underwent to survive in our (still) post-heroic times.</p>

scholarly journals Order through the Gaze: A Comparative Perspective of the Construction of Visibility in Monitorial Schooling (German States – Spain, Approx. 1815-1848)

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 147-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Caruso
Keyword(s):  
Effective Work ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Teaching Role ◽  
German States ◽  
Early Modern Times ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Different Cultures

Visibility of bodies and actions in the classroom is a major feature of modern schooling as a disciplinary institution. The mere fact that children attended elementary schools in early modern times did not mean that effective work took place. Old techniques of schooling were challenged by new proposals at the beginning of the 19th century. Among them, monitorial schooling represented a crucial movement towards an increased standardisation of educational practices and institutions. This British model of schooling was based on a strict routine in the classroom, carried out by numerous children in the role of helpers, also called monitors. In this system of teaching, a hierarchical structure of monitors guaranteed continuous activity of a well-ordered mass of pupils. The worldwide spread of monitorial schooling was a first attempt to extend a disciplined daily life into the classrooms before group teaching techniques took the forefront. Evidently, the challenge of teaching 200-300 pupils in a room made demands on control and surveillance, in order to interrupt possible alliances between children. This contribution describes different versions of the control of big groups of children through visibility in German and Spanish schools. In both contexts, educationalists and schoolteachers reformed many aspects of the “British” system, which foresaw “pyramidal” structure of gazes. In the German states, a general concern about the position of the teacher arose. Germans criticised the teaching role of monitors and reinforced the role of the adult’s gaze in ordering the classroom. In the Spanish case, educationists started copying the English original, but they reinforced later the stability of authority by giving a more substantive role to the "intermediate" gazes of the general monitors. Both developments are traced back to prevailing notions of teaching in each context. The different paths of reception and interpretation of this highly codified system of teaching display the existence of different “cultures of discipline”.

The rise and generic features of Shanghai popular songs in the 1930s and 1940s

Popular Music ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
SZU-WEI CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Popular Music ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Popular Songs ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Musical Elements

In the 1930s and 1940s, musicians and artists from different cultures and varied backgrounds joined and made the golden age of Shanghai popular songs which suggests the beginnings of Chinese popular music in modern times. The present article gives a historical description of the rise of Shanghai popular songs and examines their generic features according to Franco Fabbri's five groups of genre rules. Through gramophone recordings, radio broadcasts and films these musical products enjoyed great popularity despite severe criticisms from certain sectors of society. The diversity of musical elements, lyrical contents and forms of performance of these popular songs reflects a collective style of the participating artists and institutions and past audience tastes in a metropolis different from other major cities in the world at that time.

Understanding the Communication Needs of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students Who Are Deafblind

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Sandy K. Bowen ◽  
Silvia M. Correa-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Culturally And Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Linguistically Diverse Students ◽  
The Past ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
Different Cultures

America's population is more diverse than ever before. The prevalence of students who are culturally and/or linguistically diverse (CLD) has been steadily increasing over the past decade. The changes in America's demographics require teachers who provide services to students with deafblindness to have an increased awareness of different cultures and diversity in today's classrooms, particularly regarding communication choices. Children who are deafblind may use spoken language with appropriate amplification, sign language or modified sign language, and/or some form of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC).

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