scholarly journals Parental Cognitions About Sleep Problems in Infants: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Knappe ◽  
Anna-Lisa Pfarr ◽  
Johanna Petzoldt ◽  
Samia Härtling ◽  
Julia Martini
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Parental Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Infant Sleep ◽  
Parental Cognitions ◽  
Child Sleep ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Limit Setting ◽  
Temporal Relationships

Introduction: Parental cognitions may directly and indirectly contribute to infant sleep outcomes. This review provides a systematic up-to-date overview of the associations between parental cognitions and infant sleep problems with special emphasis on temporal relationships and the content of parental cognitions.Methods: A systematic literature research in PubMed and Web of Science Core Collection sensu Liberati and PRISMA guidelines was carried out in March 2020 using the search terms (parent* AND infant* AND sleep* problem*), including studies with correlational or control group designs investigating associations between parental cognitions and sleep problems in children aged 1–6 years.Results: Twenty-three studies (published from 1985 to 2016) met inclusion criteria, of which 14 reported group differences or associations between parental sleep-related cognitions and child sleep outcomes. Nine papers additionally reported on the role of general parental child-related cognitions not directly pertaining to sleep. Findings from longitudinal studies suggest that parental cognitions often preceded child sleep problems. Cognitions pertaining to difficulties with limit-setting were especially prevalent in parents of poor sleepers and were positively associated with both subjective and objective measures of child sleep outcomes.Conclusions: Parental cognitions appear to play a pivotal role for the development and maintenance of sleep problems in young children, arguing that parents' attitudes and beliefs regarding child sleep inadvertently prompts parental behavior toward adverse sleep in offspring. Associations are however based on maternal reports and small to moderate effect sizes. Thus, additional parental factors such as mental health or self-efficacy, as well as additional offspring factors including temperamental dispositions and regulatory abilities, require consideration in further studies.

Child Sleep Problems Questionnaire

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Hochadel ◽  
Jan Frölich ◽  
Alfred Wiater ◽  
Gerd Lehmkuhl ◽  
Leonie Fricke-Oerkermann
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Child Sleep

scholarly journals Effect of early intervention for anxiety on sleep outcomes in adolescents: a randomized trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bente Storm Mowatt Haugland ◽  
Mari Hysing ◽  
Asle Hoffart ◽  
Åshild Tellefsen Haaland ◽  
Jon Fauskanger Bjaastad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration

AbstractThe potential effect of early intervention for anxiety on sleep outcomes was examined in a sample of adolescents with anxiety (N = 313, mean 14.0 years, SD = 0.84, 84% girls, 95.7% Norwegians). Participants were randomized to one of three conditions: a brief or a standard-length cognitive-behavioral group-intervention (GCBT), or a waitlist control-group (WL). Interventions were delivered at schools, during school hours. Adolescents with elevated anxiety were recruited by school health services. Questionnaires on self-reported anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and sleep characteristics were administered at pre- and post-intervention, post-waitlist, and at 1-year follow-up. Adolescents reported reduced insomnia (odds ratio (OR) = 0.42, p < 0.001) and shorter sleep onset latency (d = 0.27, p <  0.001) from pre- to post-intervention. For insomnia, this effect was maintained at 1-year follow-up (OR = 0.54, p = 0.020). However, no effect of GCBT on sleep outcomes was found when comparing GCBT and WL. Also, no difference was found in sleep outcomes between brief and standard-length interventions. Adolescents defined as responders (i.e., having improved much or very much on anxiety after GCBT), did not differ from non-responders regarding sleep outcomes. Thus, anxiety-focused CBT, delivered in groups, showed no effect on sleep outcomes. Strategies specifically targeting sleep problems in adolescents should be included in GCBT when delivered as early intervention for adolescents with elevated anxiety.Trial registry Clinical trial registration: School Based Low-intensity Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Anxious Youth (LIST); http://clinicalrials.gov/; NCT02279251, Date: 11.31. 2014

scholarly journals Sleep behavior of infants with infantile hemangioma treated with propranolol—a cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Theiler ◽  
Nicole Knöpfel ◽  
Susanne von der Heydt ◽  
Agnes Schwieger-Briel ◽  
Isabelle Luchsinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Behavioral Development ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Sleep Pattern ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Infant Sleep ◽  
Sleep Behavior

AbstractSleep problems are frequently reported in infants treated with propranolol for infantile hemangiomas, possibly serving as a marker for a negative impact on central nervous system function. In this cohort study, we objectively investigate the sleep behavior of infants with infantile hemangiomas on propranolol compared to a healthy, untreated control group. Sleep of propranolol-treated infants and controls was investigated using ankle actigraphy and a 24-h diary for 7–10 days at ages 3 and 6 months. The main outcome measures were the Number of Nighttime Awakenings and Sleep Efficiency. The main secondary outcome measures included 24-hour Total Sleep, daytime sleep behavior, and parent-rated infant sleep quality and behavioral development based on the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) and the age-appropriate Ages-and-Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), respectively. Fifty-four term-born infants were included in each cohort. No group difference in any investigated parameter was seen at age 3 months. At age 6 months, the propranolol group exhibited a decrease in Sleep Efficiency and a trend towards an increased Number of Nighttime Awakenings compared to the control group. Treated infants at 6 months also had shorter daytime waking periods. 24-hour Total Sleep was unaffected by propranolol. No negative impact of propranolol on subjective sleep quality and behavioral development was noted.Conclusion: Propranolol exerts a measurable yet mild impact on objectively assessed infants’ sleep measures. Behavioral developmental scores were unaffected. Our results support propranolol as first-line therapy for complicated infantile hemangiomas. What is Known:• Sleep disorders are frequently reported in infants with infantile hemangiomas treated with propranolol and often lead to treatment discontinuation.• Investigations of the sleep pattern in this patient group using objective measures are lacking. What is New:• The sleep pattern of propranolol-treated infants is assessed using actigraphy and a 24-h sleep diary and compared to healthy, untreated controls.• Propranolol leads to a decreased sleep efficiency at night and an increased demand of daytime sleep, yet effects are mild overall.

scholarly journals Maternal stress during pregnancy alters fetal cortico-cerebellar connectivity in utero and increases child sleep problems after birth

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion I. van den Heuvel ◽  
Jasmine L. Hect ◽  
Benjamin L. Smarr ◽  
Tamara Qawasmeh ◽  
Lance J. Kriegsfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Stress ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Child Sleep ◽  
Maternal Prenatal Stress

AbstractChild sleep disorders are increasingly prevalent and understanding early predictors of sleep problems, starting in utero, may meaningfully guide future prevention efforts. Here, we investigated whether prenatal exposure to maternal psychological stress is associated with increased sleep problems in toddlers. We also examined whether fetal brain connectivity has direct or indirect influence on this putative association. Pregnant women underwent fetal resting-state functional connectivity MRI and completed questionnaires on stress, worry, and negative affect. At 3-year follow-up, 64 mothers reported on child sleep problems, and in the subset that have reached 5-year follow-up, actigraphy data (N = 25) has also been obtained. We observe that higher maternal prenatal stress is associated with increased toddler sleep concerns, with actigraphy sleep metrics, and with decreased fetal cerebellar-insular connectivity. Specific mediating effects were not identified for the fetal brain regions examined. The search for underlying mechanisms of the link between maternal prenatal stress and child sleep problems should be continued and extended to other brain areas.

Analysis of Psychological Assessments Affecting Patients Undergoing Treatment for Chest Wall Deformities

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482110385
Author(s):  
Gratiana O. Alqadi ◽  
Amulya K. Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Chest Wall ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Psychological Assessments ◽  
Psychological Issues ◽  
Parent Questionnaire ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Positive Results

Aim This study aimed to review the literature with regard to the psychological aspects in patients with pectus excavatum (PE) and pectus carinatum (PC). Methods The literature was reviewed by analyzing articles on PubMed using the search terms “psychology” and “pectus.” Results The literature search revealed 22 articles that offered a total of 2214 patients for analysis. Regarding chest wall deformities (CWD), there were 15 articles referring to PE, 4 articles on PC, and 3 pertaining to both PE and PC. Authors used various types of questionnaires and 14 studies which also included a parent questionnaire. There are 14 reports which analyzed both the preoperative and postoperative psychological status and 4 reports in which a control group was used. Treatment of CWD was shown to have consistently positive results. There is no consensus regarding the correlation between severity of CWD and psychological issues. Only 2 studies found no statistically significant results after treatment. Conclusions The literature reveals a great concern for psychosocial issues in CWD patients. Most articles describe improvement in overall quality of life (QOL) after surgery. An increase in social and physical function, body image, and self-esteem was observed in CWD patients, which is supported by parent responses.

scholarly journals Introducing Databases in Context Through Customizable Visualizations

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne W. Dietrich ◽  
Don Goelman ◽  
Jennifer Broatch ◽  
Sharon Crook ◽  
Becky Ball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Relational Databases ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Assessment Questions

The goal of the Databases for Many Majors project is to engage a broad audience in understanding fundamental database concepts using visualizations with color and visual cues to present these topics to students across many disciplines. There are three visualizations: introducing relational databases, querying, and design. A unique feature of these learning tools is the ability for instructors in diverse disciplines to customize the content of the visualization’s example data, supporting text, and formative assessment questions to promote relevance to their students. This paper presents a study on the impact of the customized introduction to relational databases visualization on both conceptual learning and attitudes towards databases. The assessment was performed in three different courses across two universities. The evaluation shows that learning outcomes are met with any visualization, which appears to be counter to expectations. However, students using a visualization customized to the course context had more positive attitudes and beliefs towards the usefulness of databases than the control group.

Psycho-educational interventions focused on maternal or infant sleep for pregnant women to prevent the onset of antenatal and postnatal depression: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natsu Sasaki ◽  
Naonori Yasuma ◽  
Erika Obikane ◽  
Zui Narita ◽  
Junpei Sekiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Infant Sleep ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Maternal Mood ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background This systematic review aimed to evaluate randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to examine the effect of maternal and infant sleep intervention during women’s pregnancy for the purpose of preventing perinatal depression. Method A systematic search (from inception – January 28 th , 2019) for RCTs using five electronic databases—the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL), Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO and Ichushi Web (Japan Medical Abstracts Society)—was conducted. Twelve investigators independently conducted initial screenings based on title and abstract, and then two researchers performed full-text reviews one by one. A meta-analysis would be conducted if at least three studies were found. However, only two articles that met inclusion criteria, and narrative data synthesis was conducted for these two articles. The study protocol has been registered at PROSPERO (CRD42019119999). Result A total of 13,644 studies were initially searched. After removing duplicates, 10,537 studies were screened, and finally, two studies met the inclusion criteria. In both studies, the intervention was a one-time face-to-face session during pregnancy to deliver the behavioral knowledge and skills for optimizing sleep hygiene for both infant and mother. Effectiveness of the intervention in improving maternal mood was not significant in one study. In the other, there was a significant difference in maternal mood between the intervention and control group. No mood comparison was made between baseline and post-intervention. Conclusion This study found limited evidence to support the effectiveness of sleep intervention for all pregnant women, which means “universal intervention”, to protect maternal mental health. Further well-designed RCTs are needed to confirm these findings.

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