scholarly journals Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Studying Schizophrenia, Negative Symptoms, and the Glutamate System

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Gruber ◽  
Antonella Chadha Santuccione ◽  
Helmut Aach
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Glutamate System

scholarly journals Latent Schizencephaly With Psychotic Phenotype or Schizophrenia With Schizencephaly? A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Tylš ◽  
Martin Brunovský ◽  
Kateřina Šulcová ◽  
Barbora Kohútová ◽  
Zuzana Ryznarová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Perinatal Pathology ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Rhythmic Delta Activity

Objectives. Although schizencephaly belongs to the class of neurodevelopmental disorders, which are a well-known predisposing factor for psychosis, there is a lack of relevant studies and diagnostic guidelines on this relationship. Method. A case report of first-episode psychosis with persistent negative symptoms associated with schizencephaly is described and compared with 7 other cases found in the literature. Results. We found perinatal pathology, cognitive deficit, and EEG abnormality in a patient with atypical initial symptoms of psychosis such as olfactory hallucinations. Abnormal EEG findings (left frontal spikes and frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity) called for magnetic resonance imaging, which revealed left parieto-occipital closed-lip schizencephaly. The patient exhibited a partial response to low-dose amisulpride treatment. Conclusion. We conclude that schizencephaly in our patient was at first asymptomatic and later developed into clinically manifest schizophrenia-like disorder. Both magnetic resonance imaging and EEG were essential tools for establishing this diagnosis.

scholarly journals Facial fear processing and psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia: functional magnetic resonance imaging study

2008 ◽  
Vol 192 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panayiota G. Michalopoulou ◽  
Simon Surguladze ◽  
Lucy A. Morley ◽  
Vincent P. Giampietro ◽  
Robin M. Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging

BackgroundThe recognition of negative facial affect is impaired in people with schizophrenia. The neural underpinnings of this deficit and its relationship to the symptoms of psychosis are still unclear.AimsTo examine the association between positive and negative psychotic symptoms and activation within the amygdala and extrastriate visual regions of patients with schizophrenia during fearful and neutral facial expression processing.MethodFunctional magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure neural responses to neutral and fearful facial expressions in 11 patients with schizophrenia and 9 healthy volunteers during an implicit emotional task.ResultsNo association between amygdala activation and positive symptoms was found; the activation within the left superior temporal gyrus was negatively associated with the negative symptoms of the patients.ConclusionsOur results indicate an association between impaired extrastriate visual processing of facial fear and negative symptoms, which may underlie the previously reported difficulties of patients with negative symptoms in the recognition of facial fear.

Correlation of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia with Frontal Lobe Parameters on Magnetic Resonance Imaging

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Williamson ◽  
D. Pelz ◽  
H. Merskey ◽  
S. Morrison ◽  
P. Conlon
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Among 24 chronic schizophrenic patients, the 10 with high ratings for negative symptoms had significantly higher left-frontal: temporal–cortical T2 ratios. This finding was unrelated to age, dose of medication, length of illness or handedness. No T1 or T2 changes were found to be associated with positive symptoms or tardive dyskinesia in the regions examined.

Functional information from magnetic resonance imaging

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 84-85
Author(s):  
Alan P. Koretsky ◽  
Afonso Costa e Silva ◽  
Yi-Jen Lin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Functional Information ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
High Resolution Mri

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become established as an important imaging modality for the clinical management of disease. This is primarily due to the great tissue contrast inherent in magnetic resonance images of normal and diseased organs. Due to the wide availability of high field magnets and the ability to generate large and rapidly switched magnetic field gradients there is growing interest in applying high resolution MRI to obtain microscopic information. This symposium on MRI microscopy highlights new developments that are leading to increased resolution. The application of high resolution MRI to significant problems in developmental biology and cancer biology will illustrate the potential of these techniques.In combination with a growing interest in obtaining high resolution MRI there is also a growing interest in obtaining functional information from MRI. The great success of MRI in clinical applications is due to the inherent contrast obtained from different tissues leading to anatomical information.

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures of Blood Flow Patterns in the Human Auditory Cortex in Response to Sound

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 538-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean C. Huckins ◽  
Christopher W. Turner ◽  
Karen A. Doherty ◽  
Michael M. Fonte ◽  
Nikolaus M. Szeverenyi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Complex Stimuli ◽  
Scanning Session ◽  
Auditory Research

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) holds exciting potential as a research and clinical tool for exploring the human auditory system. This noninvasive technique allows the measurement of discrete changes in cerebral cortical blood flow in response to sensory stimuli, allowing determination of precise neuroanatomical locations of the underlying brain parenchymal activity. Application of fMRI in auditory research, however, has been limited. One problem is that fMRI utilizing echo-planar imaging technology (EPI) generates intense noise that could potentially affect the results of auditory experiments. Also, issues relating to the reliability of fMRI for listeners with normal hearing need to be resolved before this technique can be used to study listeners with hearing loss. This preliminary study examines the feasibility of using fMRI in auditory research by performing a simple set of experiments to test the reliability of scanning parameters that use a high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio unlike that presently reported in the literature. We used consonant-vowel (CV) speech stimuli to investigate whether or not we could observe reproducible and consistent changes in cortical blood flow in listeners during a single scanning session, across more than one scanning session, and in more than one listener. In addition, we wanted to determine if there were differences between CV speech and nonspeech complex stimuli across listeners. Our study shows reproducibility within and across listeners for CV speech stimuli. Results were reproducible for CV speech stimuli within fMRI scanning sessions for 5 out of 9 listeners and were reproducible for 6 out of 8 listeners across fMRI scanning sessions. Results of nonspeech complex stimuli across listeners showed activity in 4 out of 9 individuals tested.

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