scholarly journals Individual Differences in Implicit and Explicit Spatial Processing of Fractions

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Y. Toomarian ◽  
Rui Meng ◽  
Edward M. Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Spatial Processing ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Memory Span and Individual Differences in Activation: Implicit and Explicit Measures

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Lilienthal ◽  
Elaine Tamez ◽  
Nathan Rose ◽  
Joel Myerson ◽  
Sandra Hale
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Explicit Measures

scholarly journals How and why do number-space associations co-vary in implicit and explicit magnitude processing tasks?

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Georges ◽  
Danielle Hoffmann ◽  
Christine Schiltz
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Spatial Visualization ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Snarc Effect ◽  
Spatial Coding ◽  
Magnitude Processing ◽  
Arithmetic Performance ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Or Task

Evidence for number-space associations in implicit and explicit magnitude processing tasks comes from the parity and magnitude SNARC effect respectively. Different spatial accounts were suggested to underlie these spatial-numerical associations (SNAs) with some inconsistencies in the literature. To determine whether the parity and magnitude SNAs arise from a single predominant account or task-dependent coding mechanisms, we adopted an individual differences approach to study their correlation and the extent of their association with arithmetic performance, spatial visualization ability and visualization profile. Additionally, we performed moderation analyses to determine whether the relation between these SNAs depended on individual differences in those cognitive factors. The parity and magnitude SNAs did not correlate and were differentially predicted by arithmetic performance and visualization profile respectively. These variables, however, also moderated the relation between the SNAs. While positive correlations were observed in object-visualizers with lower arithmetic performances, correlations were negative in spatial-visualizers with higher arithmetic performances. This suggests the predominance of a single account for both implicit and explicit SNAs in the two types of visualizers. However, the spatial nature of the account differs between object- and spatial-visualizers. No relation occurred in mixed-visualizers, indicating the activation of task-dependent coding mechanisms. Individual differences in arithmetic performance and visualization profile thus determined whether SNAs in implicit and explicit tasks co-varied and supposedly relied on similar or unrelated spatial coding mechanisms. This explains some inconsistencies in the literature regarding SNAs and highlights the usefulness of moderation analyses for understanding how the relation between different numerical concepts varies between individuals.

Unconscious Unease and Self-Handicapping: Behavioral Consequences of Individual Differences in Implicit and Explicit Self-Esteem

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah R. Spalding ◽  
Curtis D. Hardin
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Behavioral Consequences ◽  
Interview Performance ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

In contrast to measures of explicit self-esteem, which assess introspectively accessible self-evaluations, measures of implicit self-esteem assess the valence of unconscious, introspectively inaccessible associations to the self. This experiment is the first to document a relationship between individual differences in implicit self-esteem and social behavior: Participants completed either a self-relevant or a self-irrelevant interview, and were then rated by the interviewer on their anxiety. When the interview was self-relevant, apparent anxiety was greater for participants low in implicit self-esteem than for participants high in self-esteem; implicit self-esteem did not predict anxiety when the interview was self-irrelevant. Explicit self-esteem did not predict apparent anxiety in either interview, but did predict participants' explicit self-judgments of anxiety. Self-handicapping about interview performance was greater for participants low in both explicit and implicit self-esteem than for those high in these measures. The experiment provides direct evidence that effects of implicit and explicit self-esteem may be dissociated.

Individual differences in complex spatial processing.

1984 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 920-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall J. Mumaw ◽  
James W. Pellegrino
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Spatial Processing

Temporal Stability of Implicit and Explicit Measures

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertram Gawronski ◽  
Mike Morrison ◽  
Curtis E. Phills ◽  
Silvia Galdi
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Early Experiences ◽  
Time Weighted Average ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Explicit Measures ◽  
Over Time

A common assumption about implicit measures is that they reflect early experiences, whereas explicit measures are assumed to reflect recent experiences. This assumption subsumes two distinct hypotheses: (a) Implicit measures are more resistant to situationally induced changes than explicit measures; (b) individual differences on implicit measures are more stable over time than individual differences on explicit measures. Although the first hypothesis has been the subject of numerous studies, the second hypothesis has received relatively little attention. The current research addressed the second hypothesis in two longitudinal studies that compared the temporal stability of individual differences on implicit and explicit measures in three content domains (self-concept, racial attitudes, political attitudes). In both studies, implicit measures showed significantly lower stability over time (weighted average r = .54) than conceptually corresponding explicit measures (weighted average r = .75), despite comparable estimates of internal consistency. Implications for theories of implicit social cognition and interpretations of implicit and explicit measures are discussed.

scholarly journals Truth and Wishful Thinking: How Interindividual Differences in Communal Motives Manifest in Momentary Partner Perceptions

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Pusch ◽  
Felix D. Schönbrodt ◽  
Caroline Zygar–Hoffmann ◽  
Birk Hagemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Signal Detection ◽  
European Association ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Wishful Thinking ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Interindividual Differences ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
Partner Perceptions ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Although rooted in reality, partner perceptions often reflect wishful thinking due to perceivers’ needs. Dispositional needs, or motives, can differ between persons; however, little is known about their differential associations with everyday partner perception. The present study used data from a 4–week experience sampling study ( N = up to 60942 surveys from 510 individuals nested in 259 couples) to examine the effects of perceivers’ partner–related implicit and explicit communal motives on the perception of (i) global communal partner behaviour and (ii) specific communal and uncommunal partner behaviours. The results of truth and bias models of judgement and quasi–signal detection analyses indicate that strong implicit communal approach motives and strong explicit communal motives are associated with the tendency to overestimate the partner's communal behaviour. Additionally, strong implicit communal approach motives were associated with the tendency to avoid perceptions of uncommunal partner behaviour. Neither implicit nor explicit communal motives had an effect on accuracy in the perception of particularly communal partner behaviour. The results highlight the relevance of both implicit and explicit communal motives for momentary partner perceptions and emphasise the benefits of dyadic microlongitudinal designs for a better understanding of the mechanisms through which individual differences manifest in couples’ everyday lives. © 2019 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology

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