scholarly journals Contrasting Complement Control, Temporal Adjunct Control and Controlled Verbal Gerund Subjects in ASD: The Role of Contextual Cues in Reference Assignment

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikki Janke ◽  
Alexandra Perovic
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Cues ◽  
Adjunct Control

Reward Dominance in Tax-Reporting Experiments: The Role of Context

1999 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha L. Wartick ◽  
Silvia A. Madeo ◽  
Cynthia C. Vines
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Economics ◽  
Real World ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Contextual Cues ◽  
Individual Subject ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tax Reporting ◽  
The Impact

During the past decade, the experimental economics method increasingly has been used to study the impact of tax policy on taxpayer behavior. Experimental economics in taxation typically tests tax applications of expected utility and psychological theory by creating a real microeconomy in the laboratory. A key requirement is strict control over the parameters of the experimental setting and subject preferences. One generally accepted procedure to achieve experimental control is to avoid references to real-world phenomena in instructions to subjects. The reasoning underlying this procedure is that if subjects associate the experiment with real-world phenomena, they may make decisions based on values associated with the real-world context instead of the rewards and penalties of the microeconomy. Despite this, several recent tax-reporting experiments that otherwise conform to the experimental economics method have used explicit tax terminology. In discussing the results of these experiments, the authors and commentators stated that the results probably were not affected by the tax context. We conducted an experiment to further examine whether the results of a tax-reporting experiment were affected by context. We found that subjects reported significantly more income when the context of the experiment was tax than when the context was nontax. This effect differed, however, depending on the age of the subjects. While subjects 25 years of age and older reported approximately twice as much income in the tax context as they did in the nontax context, subjects under 25 reported only slightly more in the tax context than in the nontax context. These results provide evidence that role playing based on individual subject characteristics occurred when contextual cues were provided.

scholarly journals The Role of Absolute Pitch Memory in the Oral Transmission of Folksongs

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merwin Olthof ◽  
Berit Janssen ◽  
Henkjan Honing
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Absolute Pitch ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Contextual Cues ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Family Analysis ◽  
Audio Recordings

Absolute Pitch (AP) is the ability to identify or produce isolated tones in the absence of contextual cues or reference pitches. While AP is thought to differ from other human abilities in its bimodal distribution (Takeuchi &amp; Hulse, 1993) &ndash; either you have it or you do not &ndash; recent evidence suggests that memory for absolute pitch in a melody is actually widespread (Schellenberg &amp; Trehub, 2003). In the current project the Dutch collection of historic audio recordings, <em>Onder de Groene Linde </em>(Grijp, 2008), is used as a source to explore the potential role of AP in the memory of songs transmitted in oral traditions. Since the melodies in this database are grouped by <em>tune family</em> and are available as sound files, they can serve as empirical support for the Absolute Pitch Memory (APM) hypothesis predicting that these tunes are memorized and transmitted over time and geographical location based on their absolute pitch height. To this end, a between- and a within-tune family analysis was performed. In the between tune family analysis, two tune families showed significant inter-recording tonic pitch consistency. The within tune family analysis further substantialized that effect, while controlling for possible factors of variance, such as gender, geographical origin, and lyrics. Together, the results are taken as empirical support that APM plays a significant role in the oral transmission of folksongs.

scholarly journals Estrogen receptors mediate estradiol's effect on sensitization and CPP to cocaine in female rats: Role of contextual cues

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabell C. Segarra ◽  
Yvonne M. Torres-Díaz ◽  
Richard D. Silva ◽  
Anabel Puig-Ramos ◽  
Raissa Menéndez-Delmestre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Contextual Cues

Interpreting Equivocal Signals: Market Reaction to Specific-Purpose Poison Pill Adoption

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1953-1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Schepker ◽  
Won-Yong Oh ◽  
Pankaj C. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Signaling Theory ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Contextual Cues ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Inside Directors ◽  
Poison Pill ◽  
Sensemaking Process ◽  
Poison Pills

Signaling theory suggests that firms send signals to stakeholders to reduce information asymmetry. Research, however, has rarely examined how investors interpret signals that are equivocal. We suggest that sensemaking serves as an important process by which investors interpret firm signals, and salient contextual cues influence the sensemaking process. We examine an equivocal signal, the adoption of a poison pill, as a means of examining investor interpretation of the signal and the role of contextual cues in influencing interpretation. Using a sample of 578 poison pill adoptions and controlling for self-selection, we find that investors react negatively to poison pills adopted to protect net operating losses (NOL poison pills) but positively to poison pills adopted when the firm is in receipt of a takeover offer (in-play poison pills). Assessing the role of contextual cues, our results suggest that CEO duality, the proportion of inside directors on the firm’s board, the firm’s R&D investments, and industry concentration also condition investor response to specific-purpose poison pill adoption. Our study contributes to research on signaling theory, sensemaking, and corporate governance by examining how investors interpret a firm’s equivocal governance decisions.

Re-thinking the causes, processes, and consequences of simulation

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 441-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty Chang ◽  
Nicolas Vermeulen
Keyword(s):  
Eye Contact ◽  
Contextual Cues ◽  
Similar Simulation

AbstractWe argue that the meaning of smiles is interpreted from physical/contextual cues, and simulation may simply reinforce the information derived from these cues. We suggest that, contrary to the claim of the SIMS model, positive and negative smiles may invoke similar simulation processes. Finally, we provide alternative explanations for the role of eye contact in the processing of smiles.

scholarly journals Educational Disparities in COVID-19 Prevention in China: The Role of Contextual Danger, Perceived Risk, and Interventional Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3383
Author(s):  
Miao Li ◽  
Weidong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
College Education ◽  
Social Disparities ◽  
Contextual Cues ◽  
Educational Disparities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Random Digit Dial ◽  
Context Cues ◽  
Effective Public Health

Despite the social disparities in COVID-19 infection, little is known about factors influencing social disparities in preventive behaviors during the pandemic. This study examined how educational disparities in mask-wearing, handwashing, and limiting public outings might be contingent upon three factors: contextual cue of danger, perceived risk of local outbreak, and interventional context with different levels of intensity (i.e, Wuhan vs. other areas). Data were obtained from a telephone survey of 3327 adults, who were recruited through a random-digit-dial method to be representative of all cell phone users in China. Interviews were conducted from 28 April to 26 May 2020. Stratified multiple regression models showed that educational disparities in all three behaviors were only consistently observed among people exposed to context cues of danger, with an enhanced sense of risk of a local outbreak, or in areas other than Wuhan. College education seems to make a difference in handwashing regardless of contextual cues of danger or perception of risk. The findings suggested that, in the process of an epidemic, emerging threats in one’s immediate environment or raised awareness of risks are important conditions triggering educational disparities in prevention. However, effective public health interventions could potentially reduce such disparities.

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