scholarly journals Editorial: Modeling Individual Differences in Perceptual Decision Making

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph W. Houpt ◽  
Cheng-Ta Yang ◽  
James T. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision

scholarly journals Brain Areas Consistently Linked to Individual Differences in Perceptual Decision-making in Younger as well as Older Adults before and after Training

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2147-2158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Kühn ◽  
Florian Schmiedek ◽  
Björn Schott ◽  
Roger Ratcliff ◽  
Hans-Jochen Heinze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Drift Rate ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Inferior Parietal Lobe ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Boundary Separation ◽  
Before And After

Perceptual decision-making performance depends on several cognitive and neural processes. Here, we fit Ratcliff's diffusion model to accuracy data and reaction-time distributions from one numerical and one verbal two-choice perceptual-decision task to deconstruct these performance measures into the rate of evidence accumulation (i.e., drift rate), response criterion setting (i.e., boundary separation), and peripheral aspects of performance (i.e., nondecision time). These theoretical processes are then related to individual differences in brain activation by means of multiple regression. The sample consisted of 24 younger and 15 older adults performing the task in fMRI before and after 100 daily 1-hr behavioral training sessions in a multitude of cognitive tasks. Results showed that individual differences in boundary separation were related to striatal activity, whereas differences in drift rate were related to activity in the inferior parietal lobe. These associations were not significantly modified by adult age or perceptual expertise. We conclude that the striatum is involved in regulating response thresholds, whereas the inferior parietal lobe might represent decision-making evidence related to letters and numbers.

A neural network reflecting individual differences in cognitive processing of emotions during perceptual decision making

NeuroImage ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 1016-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Mériau ◽  
Isabell Wartenburger ◽  
Philipp Kazzer ◽  
Kristin Prehn ◽  
Claas-Hinrich Lammers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision

scholarly journals Individual difference in serial dependence results from opposite influences of perceptual choices and motor responses

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huihui Zhang ◽  
David Alais
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Serial Dependence ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Motor Responses ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Response Mapping ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Serial Effect ◽  
Per Se

AbstractNatural image statistics exhibit temporal regularities of slow changes and short-term correlations and visual perception, too, is biased towards recently seen stimuli, i.e., a positive serial dependence. Some studies report strong individual differences in serial dependence in perceptual decision making: some observers show positive serial effects, others repulsive effects, and some show no bias. To understand these contrasting results, this study separates the influences of physical stimuli per se, perceptual choices and motor responses on serial dependence in perceptual decision making. In two experiments, human observers reported which orientation (45° or −45°, at threshold contrast) they perceived. Experiment 1, used a consistent mapping between stimulus and response buttons while in Experiment 2, observers did two tasks: one with a consistent stimulus-response mapping, the other with a random stimulus-response mapping (perceptual choice and motor response unrelated). Results show that the stimulus percept (not the physical stimulus per se) affected subsequent perceptual choices in an attractive way, and that motor responses produced a repulsive serial effect. When the choice-response mapping was consistent (inseparable choice and response, typical of most experiments), individual differences in the overall serial effect was observed: some were positive, some repulsive, and some were bias-free. These individual differences likely reflect different relative weightings in individuals of a positive choice bias and a repulsive motor bias.

Discarding optimality: Throwing out the baby with the bathwater?

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Simen ◽  
Fuat Balcı
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Reward Rate ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Standard Observer ◽  
Rate Maximization ◽  
Reward Rate Maximization ◽  
Descriptive Standard ◽  
Observer Model

AbstractRahnev & Denison (R&D) argue against normative theories and in favor of a more descriptive “standard observer model” of perceptual decision making. We agree with the authors in many respects, but we argue that optimality (specifically, reward-rate maximization) has proved demonstrably useful as a hypothesis, contrary to the authors’ claims.

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