scholarly journals Individual difference in serial dependence results from opposite influences of perceptual choices and motor responses

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huihui Zhang ◽  
David Alais
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Serial Dependence ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Motor Responses ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Response Mapping ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Serial Effect ◽  
Per Se

AbstractNatural image statistics exhibit temporal regularities of slow changes and short-term correlations and visual perception, too, is biased towards recently seen stimuli, i.e., a positive serial dependence. Some studies report strong individual differences in serial dependence in perceptual decision making: some observers show positive serial effects, others repulsive effects, and some show no bias. To understand these contrasting results, this study separates the influences of physical stimuli per se, perceptual choices and motor responses on serial dependence in perceptual decision making. In two experiments, human observers reported which orientation (45° or −45°, at threshold contrast) they perceived. Experiment 1, used a consistent mapping between stimulus and response buttons while in Experiment 2, observers did two tasks: one with a consistent stimulus-response mapping, the other with a random stimulus-response mapping (perceptual choice and motor response unrelated). Results show that the stimulus percept (not the physical stimulus per se) affected subsequent perceptual choices in an attractive way, and that motor responses produced a repulsive serial effect. When the choice-response mapping was consistent (inseparable choice and response, typical of most experiments), individual differences in the overall serial effect was observed: some were positive, some repulsive, and some were bias-free. These individual differences likely reflect different relative weightings in individuals of a positive choice bias and a repulsive motor bias.

scholarly journals Decoupling sensory from decisional choice biases in perceptual decision making

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Linares ◽  
David Aguilar-Lleyda ◽  
Joan López-Moliner
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Response Mapping ◽  
Task Instructions ◽  
Detection Theory Model ◽  
Sensory Evidence ◽  
Choice Bias

ABSTRACTThe contribution of sensory and decisional processes to perceptual decision making is still unclear, even in simple perceptual tasks. When decision makers need to select an action from a set of balanced alternatives, any tendency to choose one alternative more often— choice bias—is consistent with a bias in the sensory evidence, but also with a preference to select that alternative independently of the sensory evidence. To decouple sensory from decisional biases, here we asked humans to perform a simple perceptual discrimination task with two symmetric alternatives under two different task instructions. The instructions varied the response mapping between perception and the category of the alternatives. We found that from 32 participants, 30 exhibited sensory biases and 15 decisional biases. The decisional biases were consistent with a criterion change in a simple signal detection theory model. Perceptual decision making, thus, even in simple scenarios, is affected by sensory and decisional choice biases.IMPACT STATEMENTPerceptual decision making, even in simple scenarios, is affected by sensory and decisional choice biases.

scholarly journals Brain Areas Consistently Linked to Individual Differences in Perceptual Decision-making in Younger as well as Older Adults before and after Training

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2147-2158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Kühn ◽  
Florian Schmiedek ◽  
Björn Schott ◽  
Roger Ratcliff ◽  
Hans-Jochen Heinze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Drift Rate ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Inferior Parietal Lobe ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Boundary Separation ◽  
Before And After

Perceptual decision-making performance depends on several cognitive and neural processes. Here, we fit Ratcliff's diffusion model to accuracy data and reaction-time distributions from one numerical and one verbal two-choice perceptual-decision task to deconstruct these performance measures into the rate of evidence accumulation (i.e., drift rate), response criterion setting (i.e., boundary separation), and peripheral aspects of performance (i.e., nondecision time). These theoretical processes are then related to individual differences in brain activation by means of multiple regression. The sample consisted of 24 younger and 15 older adults performing the task in fMRI before and after 100 daily 1-hr behavioral training sessions in a multitude of cognitive tasks. Results showed that individual differences in boundary separation were related to striatal activity, whereas differences in drift rate were related to activity in the inferior parietal lobe. These associations were not significantly modified by adult age or perceptual expertise. We conclude that the striatum is involved in regulating response thresholds, whereas the inferior parietal lobe might represent decision-making evidence related to letters and numbers.

A neural network reflecting individual differences in cognitive processing of emotions during perceptual decision making

NeuroImage ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 1016-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Mériau ◽  
Isabell Wartenburger ◽  
Philipp Kazzer ◽  
Kristin Prehn ◽  
Claas-Hinrich Lammers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision

scholarly journals Suboptimality in perceptual decision making

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dobromir Rahnev ◽  
Rachel N. Denison
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Cue Combination ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Perceptual Illusions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

AbstractHuman perceptual decisions are often described as optimal. Critics of this view have argued that claims of optimality are overly flexible and lack explanatory power. Meanwhile, advocates for optimality have countered that such criticisms single out a few selected papers. To elucidate the issue of optimality in perceptual decision making, we review the extensive literature on suboptimal performance in perceptual tasks. We discuss eight different classes of suboptimal perceptual decisions, including improper placement, maintenance, and adjustment of perceptual criteria; inadequate tradeoff between speed and accuracy; inappropriate confidence ratings; misweightings in cue combination; and findings related to various perceptual illusions and biases. In addition, we discuss conceptual shortcomings of a focus on optimality, such as definitional difficulties and the limited value of optimality claims in and of themselves. We therefore advocate that the field drop its emphasis on whether observed behavior is optimal and instead concentrate on building and testing detailed observer models that explain behavior across a wide range of tasks. To facilitate this transition, we compile the proposed hypotheses regarding the origins of suboptimal perceptual decisions reviewed here. We argue that verifying, rejecting, and expanding these explanations for suboptimal behavior – rather than assessing optimality per se – should be among the major goals of the science of perceptual decision making.

scholarly journals Decoupling sensory from decisional choice biases in perceptual decision making

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Linares ◽  
David Aguilar-Lleyda ◽  
Joan López-Moliner
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Response Mapping ◽  
Task Instructions ◽  
Detection Theory Model ◽  
Sensory Evidence ◽  
Choice Bias

The contribution of sensory and decisional processes to perceptual decision making is still unclear, even in simple perceptual tasks. When decision makers need to select an action from a set of balanced alternatives, any tendency to choose one alternative more often—choice bias—is consistent with a bias in the sensory evidence, but also with a preference to select that alternative independently of the sensory evidence. To decouple sensory from decisional biases, here we asked humans to perform a simple perceptual discrimination task with two symmetric alternatives under two different task instructions. The instructions varied the response mapping between perception and the category of the alternatives. We found that from 32 participants, 30 exhibited sensory biases and 15 decisional biases. The decisional biases were consistent with a criterion change in a simple signal detection theory model. Perceptual decision making, thus, even in simple scenarios, is affected by sensory and decisional choice biases.

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