scholarly journals The Effect of Head Orientation on Perceived Gaze Direction: Revisiting Gibson and Pick (1963) and Cline (1967)

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Moors ◽  
Karl Verfaillie ◽  
Thalia Daems ◽  
Iwona Pomianowska ◽  
Filip Germeys
Keyword(s):  
Gaze Direction ◽  
Head Orientation

scholarly journals Neural correlates to seen gaze-direction and head orientation in the macaque monkey amygdala

Neuroscience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tazumi ◽  
E. Hori ◽  
R.S. Maior ◽  
T. Ono ◽  
H. Nishijo
Keyword(s):  
Macaque Monkey ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Gaze Direction ◽  
Head Orientation

scholarly journals Dual-route model of the effect of head orientation on perceived gaze direction.

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1425-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumiko Otsuka ◽  
Isabelle Mareschal ◽  
Andrew J. Calder ◽  
Colin W. G. Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Gaze Direction ◽  
Head Orientation ◽  
Dual Route ◽  
Dual Route Model

scholarly journals The Head-Fake Effect in Basketball Is Based on the Processing of Head Orientation, but Not on Gaze Direction

Psychology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1493-1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Weigelt ◽  
Iris Güldenpenning ◽  
Yvonne Steggemann-Weinrich
Keyword(s):  
Gaze Direction ◽  
Head Orientation ◽  
Head Fake

scholarly journals The Critical Role of Head Movements for Spatial Representation During Bumblebees Learning Flight

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Doussot ◽  
Olivier J. N. Bertrand ◽  
Martin Egelhaaf
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Gaze Direction ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Head Orientation ◽  
Pivot Point ◽  
The Gaze

Bumblebees perform complex flight maneuvers around the barely visible entrance of their nest upon their first departures. During these flights bees learn visual information about the surroundings, possibly including its spatial layout. They rely on this information to return home. Depth information can be derived from the apparent motion of the scenery on the bees' retina. This motion is shaped by the animal's flight and orientation: Bees employ a saccadic flight and gaze strategy, where rapid turns of the head (saccades) alternate with flight segments of apparently constant gaze direction (intersaccades). When during intersaccades the gaze direction is kept relatively constant, the apparent motion contains information about the distance of the animal to environmental objects, and thus, in an egocentric reference frame. Alternatively, when the gaze direction rotates around a fixed point in space, the animal perceives the depth structure relative to this pivot point, i.e., in an allocentric reference frame. If the pivot point is at the nest-hole, the information is nest-centric. Here, we investigate in which reference frames bumblebees perceive depth information during their learning flights. By precisely tracking the head orientation, we found that half of the time, the head appears to pivot actively. However, only few of the corresponding pivot points are close to the nest entrance. Our results indicate that bumblebees perceive visual information in several reference frames when they learn about the surroundings of a behaviorally relevant location.

scholarly journals Perceptual integration of head and eye cues to gaze direction in schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 180885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin J. Palmer ◽  
Nathan Caruana ◽  
Colin W. G. Clifford ◽  
Kiley J. Seymour
Keyword(s):  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Contour Detection ◽  
Gaze Direction ◽  
Head Orientation ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Facial Cues ◽  
Sensory Features ◽  
The Face ◽  
Integrative Processing ◽  
Eye Region

The perceptual mechanisms that underlie social experience in schizophrenia are increasingly becoming a target of empirical research. In the context of low-level vision, there is evidence for a reduction in the integration of sensory features in schizophrenia (e.g. increased thresholds for contour detection and motion coherence). In the context of higher-level vision, comparable differences in the integration of sensory features of the face could in theory impair the recognition of important social cues. Here we examine how the sense of where other people are looking relies upon the integration of eye-region cues and head-region cues. Adults with schizophrenia viewed face images designed to elicit the ‘Wollaston illusion’, a perceptual phenomenon in which the perceived gaze direction associated with a given pair of eyes is modulated by the surrounding sensory context. We performed computational modelling of these psychophysical data to quantify individual differences in the use of facial cues to gaze direction. We find that adults with schizophrenia exhibit a robust perceptual effect whereby their sense of other people's direction of gaze is strongly biased by sensory cues relating to head orientation in addition to eye region information. These results indicate that the visual integration of facial cues to gaze direction in schizophrenia is intact, helping to constrain theories of reduced integrative processing in higher-level and lower-level vision. In addition, robust gaze processing was evident in the tested participants despite reduced performance on a theory of mind task designed to assess higher-level social cognition.

Visual cells in the temporal cortex sensitive to face view and gaze direction

1985 ◽  
Vol 223 (1232) ◽  
pp. 293-317 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Macaque Monkey ◽  
Gaze Direction ◽  
Head Orientation ◽  
Social Signals ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Visual Cells ◽  
The Face ◽  
Full Face

The direction of eye gaze and orientation of the face towards or away from another are important social signals for man and for macaque monkey. We have studied the effects of these signals in a region of the macaque temporal cortex where cells have been found to be responsive to the sight of faces. Of cells selectively responsive to the sight of the face or head but not to other objects (182 cells) 63% were sensitive to the orientation of the head. Different views of the head (full face, profile, back or top of the head, face rotated by 45° up to the ceiling or down to the floor) maximally activated different classes of cell. All classes of cell, however, remained active as the preferred view was rotated isomorphically or was changed in size or distance. Isomorphic rotation by 90–180° increased cell response latencies by 10–60 ms. Sensitivity to gaze direction was found for 64% of the cells tested that were tuned to head orientation. Eighteen cells most responsive to the full face preferred eye contact, while 18 cells tuned to the profile face preferred averted gaze. Sensitivity to gaze was thus compatible with, but could be independent of, sensitivity to head orientation. Results suggest that the recognition of one type of object may proceed via the independent high level analysis of several restricted views of the object (viewer-centred descriptions).

Objects Capture Perceived Gaze Direction

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janek S. Lobmaier ◽  
Martin H. Fischer ◽  
Adrian Schwaninger
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Local Features ◽  
Gaze Direction ◽  
Head Orientation ◽  
Gaze Perception ◽  
Mouse Cursor ◽  
Fixation Points ◽  
Normal Adults

The interpretation of another person's eye gaze is a key element of social cognition. Previous research has established that this ability develops early in life and is influenced by the person's head orientation, as well as local features of the person's eyes. Here we show that the presence of objects in the attended space also has an impact on gaze interpretation. Eleven normal adults identified the fixation points of photographed faces with a mouse cursor. Their responses were systematically biased toward the locations of nearby objects. This capture of perceived gaze direction probably reflects the attribution of intentionality and has methodological implications for research on gaze perception.

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