scholarly journals On interpretation and task selection in studies on the effects of noise on cognitive performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik Sörqvist
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Task Selection ◽  
And Task

Effect of tonal noise and task difficulty on electroencephalography and cognitive performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Marzieh Sadeghian ◽  
Saeid Yazdanirad ◽  
Seyed Mahdi Mousavi ◽  
Mohammad Javad Jafari ◽  
Ali Khavanin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Tonal Noise ◽  
And Task

scholarly journals Space, object, and task selection

2009 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 995-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Lachter ◽  
Roger W. Remington ◽  
Eric Ruthruff
Keyword(s):  
Space Object ◽  
Task Selection ◽  
And Task

Hierarchical Task Prioritization Behavior in Two- and Four-Task Scenarios

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoxi Zhang ◽  
Robert Feyen
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Task Selection ◽  
Temporal Characteristics ◽  
Dynamic Task ◽  
Concurrent Tasks ◽  
Task Prioritization ◽  
And Task

This paper describes an empirical study conducted to validate a computational model of dynamic task prioritization based on a framework proposed by Zhang and Feyen (2005). Three key factors in task prioritization were manipulated: processing time, available time, and task valence. Because earlier studies did not investigate how people prioritize tasks when valence and temporal characteristics conflict, this study examined how these conflicts are resolved. 20 subjects completed 54 time-limited task scenarios. Each scenario consisted of two or four concurrent tasks, each assigned a point value for completion. Subjects were instructed to maximize points scored. Results indicated that, although valence was predominant in determining task selection, it failed to explain all instances. Instead, a hierarchy of task prioritization was revealed in which subjects first checked what tasks were doable (e.g., self-efficacy), then applied rules first regarding valence, then temporal characteristics, and then others (e.g., task location).

scholarly journals The role of neural flexibility in cognitive aging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanna Varangis ◽  
Weiwei Qi ◽  
Yaakov Stern ◽  
Seonjoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Cognitive Networks ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Matrix Reasoning ◽  
Flexibility Measures ◽  
And Task

AbstractStudies assessing relationships between brain and cognitive changes in healthy aging have shown that a variety of aspects of brain structure and function explain a significant portion of the variability in cognitive outcomes throughout adulthood. Many studies assessing relationships between brain function and cognition have utilized time-averaged, or static functional connectivity methods to explore ways in which brain network organization may contribute to aspects of cognitive aging. However, recent studies in this field have suggested that time-varying, or dynamic measures of functional connectivity, which assess changes in functional connectivity throughout a scan session, may play a stronger role in explaining cognitive outcomes in healthy young adults. Further, both static and dynamic functional connectivity studies suggest that there may be differences in patterns of brain-cognition relationships as a function of whether or not the participant is performing a task during the scan. Thus, the goals of the present study were threefold: (1) assess whether dynamic connectivity (neural flexibility) during both resting as well as task-based scans is related to participant age and cognitive performance in a lifespan aging sample, (2) determine whether neural flexibility moderates relationships between age and cognitive performance, and (3) explore differences in neural flexibility between rest and task. Participants in the study were 423 healthy adults between the ages of 20-80 who provided resting state and/or task-based (Matrix Reasoning) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan data as part of their participation in two ongoing studies of cognitive aging. Neural flexibility measures from both resting and task-based scans reflected the number of times each node changed network assignment, and were averaged both across the whole brain (global neural flexibility) as well as within nine somatosensory/cognitive networks. Results showed that neural flexibility during the task was higher in older adults, and that neural flexibility in Default Mode and Visual networks was negatively related to performance on the Matrix Reasoning task. Resting state neural flexibility was not significantly related to either participant age or cognitive performance. Additionally, no neural flexibility measures that significantly moderated relationships between participant age and cognitive outcomes. Further, neural flexibility differed as a function of scan type, with resting state neural flexibility exhibiting significantly more variability than task-based neural flexibility. Thus, neural flexibility measures computed during a cognitive task may be more strongly related to cognitive performance across the adult lifespan, and are more sensitive to the effects of participant age on brain organization.

Is Intelligence Enhanced by Letter Priming? A Failure to Replicate the Results of Ciani and Sheldon (2010)

2013 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 533-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean P. Carlin ◽  
Lionel G. Standing
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Letter Grades ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
And Task ◽  
Exposure Conditions

Previous research has suggested that motivational processes outside an individual's conscious awareness may be primed so as to enhance or impair cognitive performance. The present study involved a conceptual replication of the 2010 study of Ciani and Sheldon (Experiments 1 and 2), employing the same materials and task, to test whether exposure to the letter A before an analogies test improved performance and the letter F impaired it, relative to the neutral letter J. It also examined the effect of pre-exposing participants before testing to a positive or negative verbal passage concerning letter grades. Priming was not found to have any effect: the participants ( N = 116), under both pre-exposure conditions, gave analogies scores which were virtually identical whether they had been primed with A, F, or J, thus contradicting the previous results. It is concluded that there is a pressing need for more replications of priming experiments as well as other studies.

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