scholarly journals Response bias modulates the speech motor system during syllable discrimination

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Venezia
Keyword(s):  
Response Bias ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Speech Motor

scholarly journals What happens to the motor theory of perception when the motor system is damaged?

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 225-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Stasenko ◽  
Frank E. Garcea ◽  
Bradford Z. Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Action Recognition ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Motor Theory ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Motor Information ◽  
Neuropsychological Evidence ◽  
Motor Representations ◽  
Speech Motor

AbstractMotor theories of perception posit that motor information is necessary for successful recognition of actions. Perhaps the most well known of this class of proposals is the motor theory of speech perception, which argues that speech recognition is fundamentally a process of identifying the articulatory gestures (i.e. motor representations) that were used to produce the speech signal. Here we review neuropsychological evidence from patients with damage to the motor system, in the context of motor theories of perception applied to both manual actions and speech. Motor theories of perception predict that patients with motor impairments will have impairments for action recognition. Contrary to that prediction, the available neuropsychological evidence indicates that recognition can be spared despite profound impairments to production. These data falsify strong forms of the motor theory of perception, and frame new questions about the dynamical interactions that govern how information is exchanged between input and output systems.

scholarly journals Articulatory variability of clutterers

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 167-180
Author(s):  
Mariam Hartinger ◽  
Christine Mooshammer
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Syllable Structure ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Syllable Repetition ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Task Variability ◽  
Speech Motor ◽  
Repetition Task

In order to investigate the articulatory processes of the hasty and mumbled speech of clutterers, the kinematic variability was analysed by means of electromagnetic midsagittal articulography (EMMA). In contrast to stutterers, clutterers improve their intelligibility by concentrating on their speech task. Variability is an important criterion in comparable studies of stuttering and is discussed in terms of the stability of the speech motor system. The aim of the current study was to analyse the spatial and temporal variability in the speech of three clutterers and three control speakers. All speakers were native speakers of German. The speech material consisted of repetitive CV-syllables and foreign words, because clutterers have the most severe problems with long words which have a complex syllable structure. The results showed a higher quotient of variation for clutterers in the foreign word production. For the syllable repetition task, no significant differences between clutterers and controls were found. The extremely large and variable displacements were interpreted as a strategy that helps clutterers to improve the intelligibility of their speech.  

scholarly journals Modeling the Role of Sensory Feedback in Speech Motor Control and Learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (8S) ◽  
pp. 2963-2985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Parrell ◽  
John Houde
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
State Feedback Control ◽  
Speech Motor Control ◽  
Control Feedback ◽  
Motor Production ◽  
Speech Motor

Purpose While the speech motor system is sensitive to feedback perturbations, sensory feedback does not seem to be critical to speech motor production. How the speech motor system is able to be so flexible in its use of sensory feedback remains an open question. Method We draw on evidence from a variety of disciplines to summarize current understanding of the sensory systems' role in speech motor control, including both online control and motor learning. We focus particularly on computational models of speech motor control that incorporate sensory feedback, as these models provide clear encapsulations of different theories of sensory systems' function in speech production. These computational models include the well-established directions into velocities of articulators model and computational models that we have been developing in our labs based on the domain-general theory of state feedback control (feedback aware control of tasks in speech model). Results After establishing the architecture of the models, we show that both the directions into velocities of articulators and state feedback control/feedback aware control of tasks models can replicate key behaviors related to sensory feedback in the speech motor system. Although the models agree on many points, the underlying architecture of the 2 models differs in a few key ways, leading to different predictions in certain areas. We cover key disagreements between the models to show the limits of our current understanding and point toward areas where future experimental studies can resolve these questions. Conclusions Understanding the role of sensory information in the speech motor system is critical to understanding speech motor production and sensorimotor learning in healthy speakers as well as in disordered populations. Computational models, with their concrete implementations and testable predictions, are an important tool to understand this process. Comparison of different models can highlight areas of agreement and disagreement in the field and point toward future experiments to resolve important outstanding questions about the speech motor control system.

SOURCES OF NEURAL STRUCTURE IN SPEECH AND LANGUAGE PROCESSING

1991 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Stork
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Motor System ◽  
High Dimensionality ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Neural Structure ◽  
Network Approaches ◽  
Speech And Language Processing ◽  
Unstructured Networks ◽  
Speech Motor

Because of the complexity and high dimensionality of the problem, speech recognition—perhaps more than any other problem of current interest in network research—will profit from human neurophysiology, psychoacoustics and psycholinguistics: approaches based exclusively on engineering principles will provide only limited benefits. Despite the great power of current learning algorithms in homogeneous or unstructured networks, a number of difficulties in speech recognition seem to indicate that homogeneous networks taken alone will be insufficient for the task, and that structure—representing constraints—will also be required. In the biological system, the sources of such structure include developmental and evolutionary effects. Recent considerations of the evolutionary sources of neural structure in the human speech and language systems, including models of the interrelationship between speech motor system and auditory system, are analyzed with special reference to neural network approaches.

scholarly journals Articulatory suppression effects on induced rumination

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislas Nalborczyk ◽  
Marcela Perrone-Bertolotti ◽  
Baeyens Celine ◽  
Romain Grandchamp ◽  
Elsa Spinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor System ◽  
Articulatory Suppression ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Inner Speech ◽  
Finger Tapping ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Motor Activities ◽  
Speech Motor

This study explores whether the speech motor system is involved in verbal rumination, a particular kind of inner speech. The motor simulation hypothesis considers inner speech as an action, accompanied by simulated speech percepts, that would as such involve the speech motor system. If so, we could expect verbal rumination to be disrupted by concurrent involvement of the speech apparatus. We recruited 106 healthy adults and measured their self-reported level of rumination before and after a rumination induction, as well as after five minutes of a subsequent motor task (either an articulatory suppression -silent mouthing- task or a finger tapping control task). We also evaluated to what extent ruminative thoughts were experienced with a verbal quality or in another modality (e.g., visual images, non-speech sounds). Self-reported levels of rumination showed a decrease after both motor activities (silent mouthing and finger-tapping), with only a slightly stronger decrease after the articulatory suppression than the control task. The rumination level decrease was not moderated by the modality of the ruminative thoughts. We discuss these results within the framework of verbal rumination as simulated speech and suggest alternative ways to test the engagement of the speech motor system in verbal rumination. Pre-registered protocol, preprint, data, as well as reproducible code and figures are available at: https://osf.io/3bh67/.

scholarly journals Preprint: Orofacial electromyographic correlates of induced verbal rumination

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislas Nalborczyk ◽  
Perrone-Bertolotti Marcela ◽  
Céline Baeyens ◽  
Romain Grandchamp ◽  
Mircea Polosan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Inner Speech ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Motor Simulation ◽  
Motor Action ◽  
Flexor Carpi Radialis ◽  
Speech Motor

Rumination is predominantly experienced in the form of repetitive verbal thoughts. Verbal rumination is a particular case of inner speech. According to the Motor Simulation view, inner speech is a kind of motor action, recruiting the speech motor system. In this framework, we predicted an increase in speech muscle activity during rumination as compared to rest. We also predicted increased forehead activity, associated with anxiety during rumination. We measured electromyographic activity over the orbicularis oris superior and inferior, frontalis and flexor carpi radialis muscles. Results showed increased lip and forehead activity after rumination induction compared to an initial relaxed state, together with increased self-reported levels of rumination. Moreover, our data suggest that orofacial relaxation is more effective in reducing rumination than non-orofacial relaxation. Altogether, these results support the hypothesis that verbal rumination involves the speech motor system, and provide a promising psychophysiological index to assess the presence of verbal rumination.

scholarly journals Relevance of Auditory Errors Decreases When Errors Are Introduced Suddenly

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara-Ching Chao ◽  
Ayoub Daliri
Keyword(s):  
Motor System ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
Speech Motor ◽  
And Task

Purpose: When the speech motor system encounters errors, it generates adaptive responses to compensate for the errors. We previously showed that adaptive responses to task-irrelevant errors are significantly smaller than responses to task-relevant errors when errors are introduced gradually. The current study aimed to examine responses to task-irrelevant and task-relevant errors when errors are introduced suddenly. Method: We used an adaptation paradigm in which participants experienced task-relevant errors (induced by formant-shift perturbations) and task-irrelevant errors (induced by formant-clamp perturbations). For one group of participants (N = 30), we applied the perturbations gradually. The second group of participants (N = 30) received the perturbations suddenly. We designed the perturbations based on participant-specific vowel configurations such that a participant's first and second formants of /ɛ/ were perturbed toward their /æ/. To estimate adaptive responses, we measured formant changes (within 0–100 ms of the vowel onset) in response to the formant perturbations. Results: We found that (1) the difference between adaptive responses to formant-shift and formant-clamp perturbations was the smallest for the suddenly introduced perturbations, and (2) responses to formant-shift perturbations positively correlated with responses to formant-clamp perturbations for the suddenly (but not gradually) introduced perturbations. Conclusions: These results showed that the speech motor system responds to task-relevant errors and task-irrelevant errors more differently when errors are introduced gradually than suddenly. Overall, the speech motor system evaluates the relevance of errors and uses its evaluation to modulate its adaptive responses to errors.

Prosodic Influences on Speech Production in Children With Specific Language Impairment and Speech Deficits

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1499-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Goffman
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Motor Systems ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Articulatory Movements ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Speech Motor

It is often hypothesized that young children's difficulties with producing weak-strong (iambic) prosodic forms arise from perceptual or linguistically based production factors. A third possible contributor to errors in the iambic form may be biological constraints, or biases, of the motor system. In the present study, 7 children with specific language impairment (SLI) and speech deficits were matched to same age peers. Multiple levels of analysis, including kinematic (modulation and stability of movement), acoustic, and transcription, were applied to children's productions of iambic (weak-strong) and trochaic (strong-weak) prosodic forms. Findings suggest that a motor bias toward producing unmodulated rhythmic articulatory movements, similar to that observed in canonical babbling, contribute to children's acquisition of metrical forms. Children with SLI and speech deficits show less mature segmental and speech motor systems, as well as decreased modulation of movement in later developing iambic forms. Further, components of prosodic and segmental acquisition develop independently and at different rates.

Kinesthetic reaction times in the speech motor system

1979 ◽  
Vol 66 (S1) ◽  
pp. S11-S11 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Cole ◽  
J. H. Abbs
Keyword(s):  
Motor System ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Speech Motor
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