Kinesthetic reaction times in the speech motor system

1979 ◽  
Vol 66 (S1) ◽  
pp. S11-S11 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Cole ◽  
J. H. Abbs
Keyword(s):  
Motor System ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Speech Motor

scholarly journals What happens to the motor theory of perception when the motor system is damaged?

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 225-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Stasenko ◽  
Frank E. Garcea ◽  
Bradford Z. Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Action Recognition ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Motor Theory ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Motor Information ◽  
Neuropsychological Evidence ◽  
Motor Representations ◽  
Speech Motor

AbstractMotor theories of perception posit that motor information is necessary for successful recognition of actions. Perhaps the most well known of this class of proposals is the motor theory of speech perception, which argues that speech recognition is fundamentally a process of identifying the articulatory gestures (i.e. motor representations) that were used to produce the speech signal. Here we review neuropsychological evidence from patients with damage to the motor system, in the context of motor theories of perception applied to both manual actions and speech. Motor theories of perception predict that patients with motor impairments will have impairments for action recognition. Contrary to that prediction, the available neuropsychological evidence indicates that recognition can be spared despite profound impairments to production. These data falsify strong forms of the motor theory of perception, and frame new questions about the dynamical interactions that govern how information is exchanged between input and output systems.

scholarly journals Articulatory variability of clutterers

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 167-180
Author(s):  
Mariam Hartinger ◽  
Christine Mooshammer
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Syllable Structure ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Syllable Repetition ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Task Variability ◽  
Speech Motor ◽  
Repetition Task

In order to investigate the articulatory processes of the hasty and mumbled speech of clutterers, the kinematic variability was analysed by means of electromagnetic midsagittal articulography (EMMA). In contrast to stutterers, clutterers improve their intelligibility by concentrating on their speech task. Variability is an important criterion in comparable studies of stuttering and is discussed in terms of the stability of the speech motor system. The aim of the current study was to analyse the spatial and temporal variability in the speech of three clutterers and three control speakers. All speakers were native speakers of German. The speech material consisted of repetitive CV-syllables and foreign words, because clutterers have the most severe problems with long words which have a complex syllable structure. The results showed a higher quotient of variation for clutterers in the foreign word production. For the syllable repetition task, no significant differences between clutterers and controls were found. The extremely large and variable displacements were interpreted as a strategy that helps clutterers to improve the intelligibility of their speech.  

scholarly journals Modeling the Role of Sensory Feedback in Speech Motor Control and Learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (8S) ◽  
pp. 2963-2985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Parrell ◽  
John Houde
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
State Feedback Control ◽  
Speech Motor Control ◽  
Control Feedback ◽  
Motor Production ◽  
Speech Motor

Purpose While the speech motor system is sensitive to feedback perturbations, sensory feedback does not seem to be critical to speech motor production. How the speech motor system is able to be so flexible in its use of sensory feedback remains an open question. Method We draw on evidence from a variety of disciplines to summarize current understanding of the sensory systems' role in speech motor control, including both online control and motor learning. We focus particularly on computational models of speech motor control that incorporate sensory feedback, as these models provide clear encapsulations of different theories of sensory systems' function in speech production. These computational models include the well-established directions into velocities of articulators model and computational models that we have been developing in our labs based on the domain-general theory of state feedback control (feedback aware control of tasks in speech model). Results After establishing the architecture of the models, we show that both the directions into velocities of articulators and state feedback control/feedback aware control of tasks models can replicate key behaviors related to sensory feedback in the speech motor system. Although the models agree on many points, the underlying architecture of the 2 models differs in a few key ways, leading to different predictions in certain areas. We cover key disagreements between the models to show the limits of our current understanding and point toward areas where future experimental studies can resolve these questions. Conclusions Understanding the role of sensory information in the speech motor system is critical to understanding speech motor production and sensorimotor learning in healthy speakers as well as in disordered populations. Computational models, with their concrete implementations and testable predictions, are an important tool to understand this process. Comparison of different models can highlight areas of agreement and disagreement in the field and point toward future experiments to resolve important outstanding questions about the speech motor control system.

Speech Motor Programming in Apraxia of Speech: Evidence From a Delayed Picture-Word Interference Task

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja-Liisa Mailend ◽  
Edwin Maas
Keyword(s):  
Matched Control ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Motor Programming ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Interference Task ◽  
Motor Programs ◽  
Speech Motor ◽  
Preliminary Support

Purpose Apraxia of speech (AOS) is considered a speech motor programming impairment, but the specific nature of the impairment remains a matter of debate. This study investigated 2 hypotheses about the underlying impairment in AOS framed within the Directions Into Velocities of Articulators (DIVA; Guenther, Ghosh, & Tourville, 2006) model: The retrieval hypothesis states that access to the motor programs is impaired, and the damaged programs hypothesis states that the motor programs themselves are damaged. Method The experiment used a delayed picture-word interference paradigm in which participants prepare their response and auditory distracters are presented with the go signal. The overlap between target and distracter words was manipulated (i.e., shared sounds or no shared sounds), and participants' reaction times (RTs) were measured. Participants included 5 speakers with AOS (4 with concomitant aphasia), 2 speakers with aphasia without AOS, and 9 age-matched control speakers. Results The control speakers showed no effects of distracter type or presence. The speakers with AOS had longer RTs in the distracter condition compared to the no-distracter condition. The speakers with aphasia without AOS were comparable to the control group in their overall RTs and RT pattern. Conclusion Results provide preliminary support for the retrieval hypothesis, suggesting that access to motor programs may be impaired in speakers with AOS. However, the possibility that the motor programs may also be damaged cannot be ruled out.

SOURCES OF NEURAL STRUCTURE IN SPEECH AND LANGUAGE PROCESSING

1991 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Stork
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Motor System ◽  
High Dimensionality ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Neural Structure ◽  
Network Approaches ◽  
Speech And Language Processing ◽  
Unstructured Networks ◽  
Speech Motor

Because of the complexity and high dimensionality of the problem, speech recognition—perhaps more than any other problem of current interest in network research—will profit from human neurophysiology, psychoacoustics and psycholinguistics: approaches based exclusively on engineering principles will provide only limited benefits. Despite the great power of current learning algorithms in homogeneous or unstructured networks, a number of difficulties in speech recognition seem to indicate that homogeneous networks taken alone will be insufficient for the task, and that structure—representing constraints—will also be required. In the biological system, the sources of such structure include developmental and evolutionary effects. Recent considerations of the evolutionary sources of neural structure in the human speech and language systems, including models of the interrelationship between speech motor system and auditory system, are analyzed with special reference to neural network approaches.

scholarly journals Articulatory suppression effects on induced rumination

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislas Nalborczyk ◽  
Marcela Perrone-Bertolotti ◽  
Baeyens Celine ◽  
Romain Grandchamp ◽  
Elsa Spinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor System ◽  
Articulatory Suppression ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Inner Speech ◽  
Finger Tapping ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Motor Activities ◽  
Speech Motor

This study explores whether the speech motor system is involved in verbal rumination, a particular kind of inner speech. The motor simulation hypothesis considers inner speech as an action, accompanied by simulated speech percepts, that would as such involve the speech motor system. If so, we could expect verbal rumination to be disrupted by concurrent involvement of the speech apparatus. We recruited 106 healthy adults and measured their self-reported level of rumination before and after a rumination induction, as well as after five minutes of a subsequent motor task (either an articulatory suppression -silent mouthing- task or a finger tapping control task). We also evaluated to what extent ruminative thoughts were experienced with a verbal quality or in another modality (e.g., visual images, non-speech sounds). Self-reported levels of rumination showed a decrease after both motor activities (silent mouthing and finger-tapping), with only a slightly stronger decrease after the articulatory suppression than the control task. The rumination level decrease was not moderated by the modality of the ruminative thoughts. We discuss these results within the framework of verbal rumination as simulated speech and suggest alternative ways to test the engagement of the speech motor system in verbal rumination. Pre-registered protocol, preprint, data, as well as reproducible code and figures are available at: https://osf.io/3bh67/.

scholarly journals Preprint: Orofacial electromyographic correlates of induced verbal rumination

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislas Nalborczyk ◽  
Perrone-Bertolotti Marcela ◽  
Céline Baeyens ◽  
Romain Grandchamp ◽  
Mircea Polosan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Inner Speech ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Motor Simulation ◽  
Motor Action ◽  
Flexor Carpi Radialis ◽  
Speech Motor

Rumination is predominantly experienced in the form of repetitive verbal thoughts. Verbal rumination is a particular case of inner speech. According to the Motor Simulation view, inner speech is a kind of motor action, recruiting the speech motor system. In this framework, we predicted an increase in speech muscle activity during rumination as compared to rest. We also predicted increased forehead activity, associated with anxiety during rumination. We measured electromyographic activity over the orbicularis oris superior and inferior, frontalis and flexor carpi radialis muscles. Results showed increased lip and forehead activity after rumination induction compared to an initial relaxed state, together with increased self-reported levels of rumination. Moreover, our data suggest that orofacial relaxation is more effective in reducing rumination than non-orofacial relaxation. Altogether, these results support the hypothesis that verbal rumination involves the speech motor system, and provide a promising psychophysiological index to assess the presence of verbal rumination.

scholarly journals High-human acuity of speed asymmetry during walking

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo A. Iturralde ◽  
Marcela Gonzalez-Rubio ◽  
Gelsy Torres-Oviedo
Keyword(s):  
Motor System ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Internal Variable ◽  
Motor Output ◽  
Perceptual Task ◽  
Drift Diffusion Model ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Healthy Human

1AbstractDespite its central role in the proper functioning of the motor system, sensation has been less studied than motor output in sensorimotor adaptation paradigms. This deficit is probably due to the difficulty of measuring sensation: while motor output has easily observable consequences, sensation is by definition an internal variable of the motor system. In this study we asked how well can subjects estimate relevant environmental changes inducing motor adaptation. We addressed this question in the context of walking on a split-belt treadmill, which allows subjects to experience distinct belt speeds for each leg. We used a two-alternative forced-choice perceptual task (2AFC) in which subjects report which belt they thought to be moving slower. We characterized baseline accuracy in this task for healthy human subjects, and found 75% accuracy for 75 mm/s speed differences. Additionally, we used a drift-diffusion model of the task that could account for both accuracy and reaction times. We conclude that 2AFC tasks can be used to probe subjects’ estimates of the environment and that this approach opens an avenue for investigating perceptual deficits and its relation to motor impairments in clinical populations.

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