scholarly journals The Role of Tomato WRKY Genes in Plant Responses to Combined Abiotic and Biotic Stresses

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuling Bai ◽  
Sri Sunarti ◽  
Christos Kissoudis ◽  
Richard G. F. Visser ◽  
C. G. van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Plant Responses ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses

scholarly journals Insight into the Role of Epigenetic Processes in Abiotic and Biotic Stress Response in Wheat and Barley

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingyao Kong ◽  
Yanna Liu ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Cheng Chang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Fine Tune ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

Environmental stresses such as salinity, drought, heat, freezing, heavy metal and even pathogen infections seriously threaten the growth and yield of important cereal crops including wheat and barley. There is growing evidence indicating that plants employ sophisticated epigenetic mechanisms to fine-tune their responses to environmental stresses. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments in understanding the epigenetic processes and elements—such as DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNAs—involved in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses in wheat and barley. Potentials of exploiting epigenetic variation for the improvement of wheat and barley are discussed.

scholarly journals The pivotal function of dehydroascorbate reductase in glutathione homeostasis in plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 3405-3416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Ding ◽  
Bipeng Wang ◽  
Yi Han ◽  
Shengchun Li
Keyword(s):  
Reduced Form ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Sulfenic Acid ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Ping Pong ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Catalytic Cysteine ◽  
Oxidation Analysis

Abstract Under natural conditions, plants are exposed to various abiotic and biotic stresses that trigger rapid changes in the production and removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The ascorbate-glutathione pathway has been recognized to be a key player in H2O2 metabolism, in which reduced glutathione (GSH) regenerates ascorbate by reducing dehydroascorbate (DHA), either chemically or via DHA reductase (DHAR), an enzyme belonging to the glutathione S-transferase (GST) superfamily. Thus, DHAR has been considered to be important in maintaining the ascorbate pool and its redox state. Although some GSTs and peroxiredoxins may contribute to GSH oxidation, analysis of Arabidopsis dhar mutants has identified the key role of DHAR in coupling H2O2 to GSH oxidation. The reaction of DHAR has been proposed to proceed by a ping-pong mechanism, in which binding of DHA to the free reduced form of the enzyme is followed by binding of GSH. Information from crystal structures has shed light on the formation of sulfenic acid at the catalytic cysteine of DHAR that occurs with the reduction of DHA. In this review, we discuss the molecular properties of DHAR and its importance in coupling the ascorbate and glutathione pools with H2O2 metabolism, together with its functions in plant defense, growth, and development.

scholarly journals A fluorescent hormone biosensor reveals the dynamics of jasmonate signalling in plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Larrieu ◽  
Antony Champion ◽  
Jonathan Legrand ◽  
Julien Lavenus ◽  
David Mast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Spatiotemporal Data ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Response To Stress

Abstract Activated forms of jasmonic acid (JA) are central signals coordinating plant responses to stresses, yet tools to analyse their spatial and temporal distribution are lacking. Here we describe a JA perception biosensor termed Jas9-VENUS that allows the quantification of dynamic changes in JA distribution in response to stress with high spatiotemporal sensitivity. We show that Jas9-VENUS abundance is dependent on bioactive JA isoforms, the COI1 co-receptor, a functional Jas motif and proteasome activity. We demonstrate the utility of Jas9-VENUS to analyse responses to JA in planta at a cellular scale, both quantitatively and dynamically. This included using Jas9-VENUS to determine the cotyledon-to-root JA signal velocities on wounding, revealing two distinct phases of JA activity in the root. Our results demonstrate the value of developing quantitative sensors such as Jas9-VENUS to provide high-resolution spatiotemporal data about hormone distribution in response to plant abiotic and biotic stresses.

scholarly journals Advances in the Role of Dark Septate Endophytes in the Plant Resistance to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 939
Author(s):  
Mila Santos ◽  
Ignacio Cesanelli ◽  
Fernando Diánez ◽  
Brenda Sánchez-Montesinos ◽  
Alejandro Moreno-Gavíra
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Dark Septate Endophytes ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Diseases

Endophytic fungi have been studied in recent decades to understand how they interact with their hosts, the types of relationships they establish, and the potential effects of this interaction. Dark septate endophytes (DSE) are isolated from healthy plants and form melanised structures in the roots, including inter- and intracellular hyphae and microsclerotia, causing low host specificity and covering a wide geographic range. Many studies have revealed beneficial relationships between DSE and their hosts, such as enhanced plant growth, nutrient uptake, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Furthermore, in recent decades, studies have revealed the ability of DSE to mitigate the negative effects of crop diseases, thereby highlighting DSE as potential biocontrol agents of plant diseases (BCAs). Given the importance of these fungi in nature, this article is a review of the role of DSE as BCAs. The findings of increasing numbers of studies on these fungi and their relationships with their plant hosts are also discussed to enable their use as a tool for the integrated management of crop diseases and pests.

Role of ATP‐binding cassette transporters in maintaining plant homeostasis under abiotic and biotic stresses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Dahuja ◽  
Ranjeet R. Kumar ◽  
Akshay Sakhare ◽  
Archana Watts ◽  
Bhupinder Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atp Binding ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Atp Binding Cassette Transporters ◽  
Atp Binding Cassette

scholarly journals MicroRNAs: Potential Targets for Developing Stress-Tolerant Crops

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Saurabh Chaudhary ◽  
Atul Grover ◽  
Prakash Chand Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Transcriptional Gene Silencing ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Post Transcriptional Gene Silencing

Crop yield is challenged every year worldwide by changing climatic conditions. The forecasted climatic scenario urgently demands stress-tolerant crop varieties to feed the ever-increasing global population. Molecular breeding and genetic engineering approaches have been frequently exploited for developing crops with desired agronomic traits. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as powerful molecules, which potentially serve as expression markers during stress conditions. The miRNAs are small non-coding endogenous RNAs, usually 20–24 nucleotides long, which mediate post-transcriptional gene silencing and fine-tune the regulation of many abiotic- and biotic-stress responsive genes in plants. The miRNAs usually function by specifically pairing with the target mRNAs, inducing their cleavage or repressing their translation. This review focuses on the exploration of the functional role of miRNAs in regulating plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Moreover, a methodology is also discussed to mine stress-responsive miRNAs from the enormous amount of transcriptome data available in the public domain generated using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Considering the functional role of miRNAs in mediating stress responses, these molecules may be explored as novel targets for engineering stress-tolerant crop varieties.

scholarly journals OsJAZ9 overexpression improves potassium deficiency tolerance in rice by modulating jasmonic acid levels and signaling

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajit Pal Singh ◽  
Bipin K. Pandey ◽  
Poonam Mehra ◽  
Ravindra Kumar Chandan ◽  
Gopaljee Jha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Ja Signaling

AbstractPotassium (K) which makes around 2-10% of plants total dry biomass, when become deficient, makes the plants highly susceptible to both abiotic and biotic stresses. Recent evidences suggest overlapping transcriptional responses to K deficiency and Jasmonate (JA) treatment in plants. However, a link between these responses was missing. Notably, K deficiency and JA application produce similar phenotypic and transcriptional responses. Here, we used molecular, physiological and morphological studies to analyze the role of OsJAZ9 in JA homeostasis, K deficiency and sheath blight resistance. We raised OsJAZ9 overexpression, knockdown, translational reporter and C-terminal deleted translational reporter lines in rice to establish the role of JA signaling in K ion homeostasis and OsJAZ9 as a critical component of JA signaling for K deficiency response. OsJAZ9 overexpression and knockdown provide K deficiency tolerance and sensitivity, respectively, by modulating various K transporters and root system architecture. Furthermore, RNA Seq and JA profiling revealed an elevation of JA responsive genes and JA levels in OsJAZ9 OE lines under K deficiency. Our data provide clear evidence on the crucial role of JAZ repressor, OsJAZ9 in improving K deficiency tolerance in rice by altering JA levels and signaling.

scholarly journals Abscisic Acid—Enemy or Savior in the Response of Cereals to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Gietler ◽  
Justyna Fidler ◽  
Mateusz Labudda ◽  
Małgorzata Nykiel
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Aba Content

Abscisic acid (ABA) is well-known phytohormone involved in the control of plant natural developmental processes, as well as the stress response. Although in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) its role in mechanism of the tolerance to most common abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, or extreme temperatures seems to be fairly well recognized, not many authors considered that changes in ABA content may also influence the sensitivity of cereals to adverse environmental factors, e.g., by accelerating senescence, lowering pollen fertility, and inducing seed dormancy. Moreover, recently, ABA has also been regarded as an element of the biotic stress response; however, its role is still highly unclear. Many studies connect the susceptibility to various diseases with increased concentration of this phytohormone. Therefore, in contrast to the original assumptions, the role of ABA in response to biotic and abiotic stress does not always have to be associated with survival mechanisms; on the contrary, in some cases, abscisic acid can be one of the factors that increases the susceptibility of plants to adverse biotic and abiotic environmental factors.

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