scholarly journals Computational internal sequence repeats analysis of accelerated evolution and the role of extensins under abiotic and biotic stresses

2010 ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
S. Parthasarathy ◽  
Jothi R ◽  
Krishnamurthy K V
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Accelerated Evolution ◽  
Internal Sequence

scholarly journals The pivotal function of dehydroascorbate reductase in glutathione homeostasis in plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 3405-3416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Ding ◽  
Bipeng Wang ◽  
Yi Han ◽  
Shengchun Li
Keyword(s):  
Reduced Form ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Sulfenic Acid ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Ping Pong ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Catalytic Cysteine ◽  
Oxidation Analysis

Abstract Under natural conditions, plants are exposed to various abiotic and biotic stresses that trigger rapid changes in the production and removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The ascorbate-glutathione pathway has been recognized to be a key player in H2O2 metabolism, in which reduced glutathione (GSH) regenerates ascorbate by reducing dehydroascorbate (DHA), either chemically or via DHA reductase (DHAR), an enzyme belonging to the glutathione S-transferase (GST) superfamily. Thus, DHAR has been considered to be important in maintaining the ascorbate pool and its redox state. Although some GSTs and peroxiredoxins may contribute to GSH oxidation, analysis of Arabidopsis dhar mutants has identified the key role of DHAR in coupling H2O2 to GSH oxidation. The reaction of DHAR has been proposed to proceed by a ping-pong mechanism, in which binding of DHA to the free reduced form of the enzyme is followed by binding of GSH. Information from crystal structures has shed light on the formation of sulfenic acid at the catalytic cysteine of DHAR that occurs with the reduction of DHA. In this review, we discuss the molecular properties of DHAR and its importance in coupling the ascorbate and glutathione pools with H2O2 metabolism, together with its functions in plant defense, growth, and development.

scholarly journals Advances in the Role of Dark Septate Endophytes in the Plant Resistance to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 939
Author(s):  
Mila Santos ◽  
Ignacio Cesanelli ◽  
Fernando Diánez ◽  
Brenda Sánchez-Montesinos ◽  
Alejandro Moreno-Gavíra
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Dark Septate Endophytes ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Diseases

Endophytic fungi have been studied in recent decades to understand how they interact with their hosts, the types of relationships they establish, and the potential effects of this interaction. Dark septate endophytes (DSE) are isolated from healthy plants and form melanised structures in the roots, including inter- and intracellular hyphae and microsclerotia, causing low host specificity and covering a wide geographic range. Many studies have revealed beneficial relationships between DSE and their hosts, such as enhanced plant growth, nutrient uptake, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Furthermore, in recent decades, studies have revealed the ability of DSE to mitigate the negative effects of crop diseases, thereby highlighting DSE as potential biocontrol agents of plant diseases (BCAs). Given the importance of these fungi in nature, this article is a review of the role of DSE as BCAs. The findings of increasing numbers of studies on these fungi and their relationships with their plant hosts are also discussed to enable their use as a tool for the integrated management of crop diseases and pests.

Role of ATP‐binding cassette transporters in maintaining plant homeostasis under abiotic and biotic stresses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Dahuja ◽  
Ranjeet R. Kumar ◽  
Akshay Sakhare ◽  
Archana Watts ◽  
Bhupinder Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atp Binding ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Atp Binding Cassette Transporters ◽  
Atp Binding Cassette

scholarly journals OsJAZ9 overexpression improves potassium deficiency tolerance in rice by modulating jasmonic acid levels and signaling

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajit Pal Singh ◽  
Bipin K. Pandey ◽  
Poonam Mehra ◽  
Ravindra Kumar Chandan ◽  
Gopaljee Jha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Ja Signaling

AbstractPotassium (K) which makes around 2-10% of plants total dry biomass, when become deficient, makes the plants highly susceptible to both abiotic and biotic stresses. Recent evidences suggest overlapping transcriptional responses to K deficiency and Jasmonate (JA) treatment in plants. However, a link between these responses was missing. Notably, K deficiency and JA application produce similar phenotypic and transcriptional responses. Here, we used molecular, physiological and morphological studies to analyze the role of OsJAZ9 in JA homeostasis, K deficiency and sheath blight resistance. We raised OsJAZ9 overexpression, knockdown, translational reporter and C-terminal deleted translational reporter lines in rice to establish the role of JA signaling in K ion homeostasis and OsJAZ9 as a critical component of JA signaling for K deficiency response. OsJAZ9 overexpression and knockdown provide K deficiency tolerance and sensitivity, respectively, by modulating various K transporters and root system architecture. Furthermore, RNA Seq and JA profiling revealed an elevation of JA responsive genes and JA levels in OsJAZ9 OE lines under K deficiency. Our data provide clear evidence on the crucial role of JAZ repressor, OsJAZ9 in improving K deficiency tolerance in rice by altering JA levels and signaling.

scholarly journals Abscisic Acid—Enemy or Savior in the Response of Cereals to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Gietler ◽  
Justyna Fidler ◽  
Mateusz Labudda ◽  
Małgorzata Nykiel
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Aba Content

Abscisic acid (ABA) is well-known phytohormone involved in the control of plant natural developmental processes, as well as the stress response. Although in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) its role in mechanism of the tolerance to most common abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, or extreme temperatures seems to be fairly well recognized, not many authors considered that changes in ABA content may also influence the sensitivity of cereals to adverse environmental factors, e.g., by accelerating senescence, lowering pollen fertility, and inducing seed dormancy. Moreover, recently, ABA has also been regarded as an element of the biotic stress response; however, its role is still highly unclear. Many studies connect the susceptibility to various diseases with increased concentration of this phytohormone. Therefore, in contrast to the original assumptions, the role of ABA in response to biotic and abiotic stress does not always have to be associated with survival mechanisms; on the contrary, in some cases, abscisic acid can be one of the factors that increases the susceptibility of plants to adverse biotic and abiotic environmental factors.

The role of chloroplasts in plant pathology

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Sowden ◽  
Samuel J. Watson ◽  
Paul Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Host Gene Expression ◽  
Host Proteins ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Chloroplast Proteome

Plants have evolved complex tolerance systems to survive abiotic and biotic stresses. Central to these programmes is a sophisticated conversation of signals between the chloroplast and the nucleus. In this review, we examine the antagonism between abiotic stress tolerance (AST) and immunity: we propose that to generate immunogenic signals, plants must disable AST systems, in particular those that manage reactive oxygen species (ROS), while the pathogen seeks to reactivate or enhance those systems to achieve virulence. By boosting host systems of AST, pathogens trick the plant into suppressing chloroplast immunogenic signals and steer the host into making an inappropriate immune response. Pathogens disrupt chloroplast function, both transcriptionally—by secreting effectors that alter host gene expression by interacting with defence-related kinase cascades, with transcription factors, or with promoters themselves—and post-transcriptionally, by delivering effectors that enter the chloroplast or alter the localization of host proteins to change chloroplast activities. These mechanisms reconfigure the chloroplast proteome and chloroplast-originating immunogenic signals in order to promote infection.

scholarly journals QTL Study to Reveal Soybean Response on Abiotic and Biotic Stresses

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Puji Lestari ◽  
Sutrisno Sutrisno ◽  
I Made Tasma
Keyword(s):  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Marker Assisted Breeding ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Glycine Max L

<p>As an important grain legume, the improved soybean<br />(Glycine max [L.] Merr.) adaptive to environmental changes<br />is a valuable genetic resource. Strategy to minimize the<br />impact of climate effects should be underlined on soybean<br />production encompassing advanced genomics and well<br />predicted future climate. Crops including soybean respond<br />to climate change in the aspect of abiotic and biotic<br />environmental factors. To predict soybean response to<br />abiotic and biotic stresses, current progress of quantitative<br />trait loci (QTL) for abiotic and biotic stresses and flowering<br />and related genomic resources could be accessed at<br />SoyBase (http://www.soybase.org) and Phytozome<br />(http://www.phytozome.net). As the involvement of abiotic<br />and biotic stresses modulating flowering in soybean, genes<br />linked to QTL for abiotic/biotic stress and flowering/maturity<br />were also potential for resisting the environmental changes.<br />By mapping QTLs for flowering using one population in<br />different locations (Korea and China) with distinctive<br />longitude, latitude, and altitude, syntenic correlation<br />between these two QTLs on soybean chromosomes 6 and<br />13 indicates the environmental specific role of syntenic<br />regions. The information on QTL and related candidate<br />genes may assist marker-assisted breeding and enact<br />soybean as a model of adaptive legume crop under abiotic/<br />biotic stress.</p>

scholarly journals Role of Pathogen-Related Protein 10 (PR 10) under Abiotic and Biotic Stresses in Plants

Phyton ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar Sinha ◽  
Shiv Shankar Verma ◽  
Anshu Rastogi
Keyword(s):  
Related Protein ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses

scholarly journals Insight into the Role of Epigenetic Processes in Abiotic and Biotic Stress Response in Wheat and Barley

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingyao Kong ◽  
Yanna Liu ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Cheng Chang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Fine Tune ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

Environmental stresses such as salinity, drought, heat, freezing, heavy metal and even pathogen infections seriously threaten the growth and yield of important cereal crops including wheat and barley. There is growing evidence indicating that plants employ sophisticated epigenetic mechanisms to fine-tune their responses to environmental stresses. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments in understanding the epigenetic processes and elements—such as DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNAs—involved in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses in wheat and barley. Potentials of exploiting epigenetic variation for the improvement of wheat and barley are discussed.

scholarly journals The Role of Tomato WRKY Genes in Plant Responses to Combined Abiotic and Biotic Stresses

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuling Bai ◽  
Sri Sunarti ◽  
Christos Kissoudis ◽  
Richard G. F. Visser ◽  
C. G. van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Plant Responses ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses
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