scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Abscisic Acid/Gibberellin Balance in the Control of Seed Dormancy and Germination in Cereals

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pham A. Tuan ◽  
Rohit Kumar ◽  
Pawanpuneet K. Rehal ◽  
Parneet K. Toora ◽  
Belay T. Ayele
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Seed Dormancy And Germination

scholarly journals Arabidopsis thaliana SEED DORMANCY 4-LIKE regulates dormancy and germination by mediating the gibberellin pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 919-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Cao ◽  
Yi Han ◽  
Jingyi Li ◽  
Meng Ding ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Cell Wall Remodeling ◽  
Biochemical Function ◽  
Ga Biosynthesis ◽  
Seed Dormancy And Germination

Abstract The molecular mechanisms underlying seed dormancy and germination are not fully understood. Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana SEED DORMANCY 4-LIKE (AtSdr4L) is a novel specific regulator of dormancy and germination. AtSdr4L encodes a protein with an unknown biochemical function that is localized in the nucleus and is expressed specifically in seeds. Loss of function of AtSdr4L results in increased seed dormancy. The germination of freshly harvested seeds of the Atsdr4l mutant is insensitive to gibberellin (GA). After-ripened mutant seeds are hypersensitive to the GA biosynthesis-inhibitor paclobutrazol but show unaltered sensitivity to abscisic acid. Several GA biosynthesis genes and GA-regulated cell wall remodeling genes are down-regulated in the mutant in both dormant and after-ripened seeds. These results suggest that the Atsdr4l mutation causes both decreased GA biosynthesis and reduced responses. In addition, a genetic analysis indicated that AtSdr4L is epistatic to DELAY OF GERMINATION1 (DOG1) for dormancy and acts upstream of RGA-LIKE 2 (RGL2) in the GA pathway. We propose that AtSdr4L regulates seed dormancy and germination by mediating both the DOG1 and GA pathways.

scholarly journals Physiology of Seed Dormancy and Germination-A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 557-562
Author(s):  
Cherry Nalwa ◽  
Meenakshi Seth
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Enzyme Activation ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Radicle Protrusion ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Seed dormancy is considered as an inherent property which outlines the environmental conditions in which the seed is accomplished to evolve. To better understand seed dormancy mechanisms, a series of rigorous studies examining seed metabolism in relation to gibberellin and abscisic acid have been organised. Abscisic acid is a hormone involved in the formation of primary dormancy, whereas gibberellins are a hormone involved in the induction of germination. During changes in dormancy certain variations in sensitivity can be observed. In the higher plants as the dormancy is present across all climatic regions differing responses in the environment has resulted due to adaptation. As a result of this variance, incubation is timed to avoid adverse weather conditions in order to promote reproductive growth and plant establishment. All molecular mechanisms emphasizing kernel latency initiation, conservation and improvement play a large part in the evolution and adaptation of these seeds and plants and their importance is indescribable. Together genetic and environmental factors are liable for triggering seed dormancy. For the induction of seed dormancy and besides its release the balance between the intensity of ABA plus GA remain in charge. There is a triphasic pattern of germination including imbibition i.e rapid uptake of water, enzyme activation and initiation of embryo growth resulting in the radicle protrusion. The dormancy state is regulated not only by the seed maturation environment, but it also changes over time after shedding in a way that is determined by the ambient environment.

scholarly journals From the Outside to the Inside: New Insights on the Main Factors That Guide Seed Dormancy and Germination

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Chiara Longo ◽  
Soyanni Holness ◽  
Veronica De Angelis ◽  
Andrea Lepri ◽  
Sara Occhigrossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Translational Control ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Molecular Control ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
External Signals ◽  
Developmental Switch ◽  
Seed Dormancy And Germination

The transition from a dormant to a germinating seed represents a crucial developmental switch in the life cycle of a plant. Subsequent transition from a germinating seed to an autotrophic organism also requires a robust and multi-layered control. Seed germination and seedling growth are multistep processes, involving both internal and external signals, which lead to a fine-tuning control network. In recent years, numerous studies have contributed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes: from light signaling and light-hormone crosstalk to the effects of abiotic stresses, from epigenetic regulation to translational control. However, there are still many open questions and molecular elements to be identified. This review will focus on the different aspects of the molecular control of seed dormancy and germination, pointing out new molecular elements and how these integrate in the signaling pathways already known.

scholarly journals Identification and Bioinformatic Analysis of the GmDOG1-Like Family in Soybean and Investigation of Their Expression in Response to Gibberellic Acid and Abscisic Acid

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 937
Author(s):  
Yingzeng Yang ◽  
Chuan Zheng ◽  
Umashankar Chandrasekaran ◽  
Liang Yu ◽  
Chunyan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Seed Dormancy And Germination

Seed germination is one of the most important stages during plant life cycle, and DOG1 (Delay of germination1) plays a pivotal regulatory role in seed dormancy and germination. In this study, we have identified the DOG1-Like (DOG1L) family in soybean (Glycine max), a staple oil crop worldwide, and investigated their chromosomal distribution, structure and expression patterns. The results showed that the GmDOG1L family is composed of 40 members, which can be divided into six subgroups, according to their evolutionary relationship with other known DOG1-Like genes. These GmDOG1Ls are distributed on 18 of 20 chromosomes in the soybean genome and the number of exons for all the 40 GmDOG1Ls varied greatly. Members of the different subgroups possess a similar motif structure composition. qRT-PCR assay showed that the expression patterns of different GmDOG1Ls were significantly altered in various tissues, and some GmDOG1Ls expressed primarily in soybean seeds. Gibberellic acid (GA) remarkably inhibited the expression of most of GmDOG1Ls, whereas Abscisic acid (ABA) inhibited some of the GmDOG1Ls expression while promoting others. It is speculated that some GmDOG1Ls regulate seed dormancy and germination by directly or indirectly relating to ABA and GA pathways, with complex interaction networks. This study provides an important theoretical basis for further investigation about the regulatory roles of GmDOG1L family on soybean seed germination.

scholarly journals CYP707A1 and CYP707A2, Which Encode Abscisic Acid 8′-Hydroxylases, Are Indispensable for Proper Control of Seed Dormancy and Germination in Arabidopsis

2006 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Okamoto ◽  
Ayuko Kuwahara ◽  
Mistunori Seo ◽  
Tetsuo Kushiro ◽  
Tadao Asami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Seed Dormancy And Germination

Abscisic acid and the control of seed dormancy and germination

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiji Nambara ◽  
Masanori Okamoto ◽  
Kiyoshi Tatematsu ◽  
Ryoichi Yano ◽  
Mitsunori Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
The Core ◽  
Aba Metabolism ◽  
External Cues ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Seed Dormancy And Germination

AbstractAbscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone that regulates seed dormancy and germination. Seeds undergo changes in both ABA content and sensitivity during seed development and germination in response to internal and external cues. Recent advances in functional genomics have revealed the integral components involved in ABA metabolism (biosynthesis and catabolism) and perception, the core signalling pathway, as well as the factors that trigger ABA-mediated transcription. These allow for comparative studies to be conducted on seeds under different environmental conditions and from different genetic backgrounds. This review summarizes our understanding of the control of ABA content and the responsiveness of seeds to afterripening, light, high temperature and nitrate, with a focus on which tissues are involved in its metabolism and signalling. Also described are the regulators of ABA metabolism and signalling, which potentially act as the node for hormone crosstalk. Integration of such knowledge into the complex and diverse events occurring during seed germination will be the next challenge, which will allow for a clearer understanding of the role of ABA.

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