scholarly journals Zinc Excess Triggered Polyamines Accumulation in Lettuce Root Metabolome, As Compared to Osmotic Stress under High Salinity

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef Rouphael ◽  
Giuseppe Colla ◽  
Letizia Bernardo ◽  
David Kane ◽  
Marco Trevisan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Zinc Excess

ROOTS ARE NECESSARY FOR THE RESPONSES OF IN VITRO-CULTURED CITRUS PLANTS TO HIGH SALINITY BUT NOT TO OSMOTIC STRESS

2015 ◽  
pp. 1371-1377
Author(s):  
Rosa M. Pérez Clemente ◽  
Almudena Montoliu ◽  
Vicente Vives-Peris ◽  
Valeria Muñoz Espinoza ◽  
Sara I. Zandalinas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
High Salinity

scholarly journals Adaptation Strategies of Halophytic Barley Hordeum marinum ssp. marinum to High Salinity and Osmotic Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 9019
Author(s):  
Stanislav Isayenkov ◽  
Alexander Hilo ◽  
Paride Rizzo ◽  
Yudelsy Antonia Tandron Moya ◽  
Hardy Rolletschek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Species Production

The adaptation strategies of halophytic seaside barley Hordeum marinum to high salinity and osmotic stress were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, as well as ionomic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic approaches. When compared with cultivated barley, seaside barley exhibited a better plant growth rate, higher relative plant water content, lower osmotic pressure, and sustained photosynthetic activity under high salinity, but not under osmotic stress. As seaside barley is capable of controlling Na+ and Cl− concentrations in leaves at high salinity, the roots appear to play the central role in salinity adaptation, ensured by the development of thinner and likely lignified roots, as well as fine-tuning of membrane transport for effective management of restriction of ion entry and sequestration, accumulation of osmolytes, and minimization of energy costs. By contrast, more resources and energy are required to overcome the consequences of osmotic stress, particularly the severity of reactive oxygen species production and nutritional disbalance which affect plant growth. Our results have identified specific mechanisms for adaptation to salinity in seaside barley which differ from those activated in response to osmotic stress. Increased knowledge around salt tolerance in halophytic wild relatives will provide a basis for improved breeding of salt-tolerant crops.

scholarly journals Interplay between Iron Homeostasis and the Osmotic Stress Response in the Halophilic Bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 3575-3589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montserrat Argando�a ◽  
Joaqu�n J. Nieto ◽  
Fernando Iglesias-Guerra ◽  
Maria Isabel Calder�n ◽  
Ra�l Garc�a-Estepa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Halophilic Bacterium ◽  
Siderophore Production ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Excess Iron ◽  
Chromohalobacter Salexigens

ABSTRACT In this study, the connection between iron homeostasis and the osmostress response in the halophile Chromohalobacter salexigens was investigated. A decrease in the requirement for both iron and histidine and a lower level of siderophore synthesis were observed at high salinity, and these findings were correlated with a lower protein content in salt-stressed cells. A six-gene operon (cfuABC-fur-hisI-orf6 operon) located downstream of the ectABC ectoine synthesis genes was characterized. A fur strain (in which the ferric iron uptake regulator Fur was affected) had the Mn resistance phenotype typical of fur mutants, was deregulated for siderophore production, and displayed delayed growth under iron limitation conditions, indicating that fur encodes a functional iron regulator. hisI was essential for histidine synthesis, which in turn was necessary for siderophore production. Fur boxes were found in the promoters of the cfuABC-fur-hisI-orf6 and ectABC operons, suggesting that Fur directly interacts with DNA in these regions. Fur mediated the osmoregulated inhibition of cfuABC-fur-hisI-orf6 operon expression by iron and functioned as a positive regulator of the ectABC genes under high-salinity conditions, linking the salt stress response with iron homeostasis. Excess iron led to a higher cytoplasmic hydroxyectoine content, suggesting that hydroxyectoine protects against the oxidative stress caused by iron better than ectoine. This study provides the first evidence of involvement of the iron homeostasis regulator Fur as part of the complex circuit that controls the response to osmotic stress in halophilic bacteria.

scholarly journals Role of Raf-like kinases in SnRK2 activation and osmotic stress response in plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma Fàbregas ◽  
Takuya Yoshida ◽  
Alisdair R. Fernie
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Signalling Network ◽  
Osmotic Stress Response

AbstractEnvironmental drought and high salinity impose osmotic stress, which inhibits plant growth and yield. Thus, understanding how plants respond to osmotic stress is critical to improve crop productivity. Plants have multiple signalling pathways in response to osmotic stress in which the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays important roles. However, since little is known concerning key early components, the global osmotic stress-signalling network remains to be elucidated. Here, we review recent advances in the identification of osmotic-stress activated Raf-like protein kinases as regulators of ABA-dependent and -independent signalling pathways and discuss the plant stress-responsive kinase network from an evolutionary perspective.

scholarly journals GlnR-Mediated Regulation ofectABCDTranscription Expands the Role of the GlnR Regulon to Osmotic Stress Management

2015 ◽  
Vol 197 (19) ◽  
pp. 3041-3047 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZhiHui Shao ◽  
WanXin Deng ◽  
ShiYuan Li ◽  
JuanMei He ◽  
ShuangXi Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Streptomyces Coelicolor ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Global Regulator ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bacterial Physiology

ABSTRACTEctoine and hydroxyectoine are excellent compatible solutes for bacteria to deal with environmental osmotic stress and temperature damages. The biosynthesis cluster of ectoine and hydroxyectoine is widespread among microorganisms, and its expression is activated by high salinity and temperature changes. So far, little is known about the mechanism of the regulation of the transcription ofectgenes and only two MarR family regulators (EctR1 in methylobacteria and the EctR1-related regulator CosR inVibrio cholerae) have been found to negatively regulate the expression ofectgenes. Here, we characterize GlnR, the global regulator for nitrogen metabolism in actinomycetes, as a negative regulator for the transcription of ectoine/hydroxyectoine biosynthetic genes (ectoperon) inStreptomyces coelicolor. The physiological role of this transcriptional repression by GlnR is proposed to protect the intracellular glutamate pool, which acts as a key nitrogen donor for both the nitrogen metabolism and the ectoine/hydroxyectoine biosynthesis.IMPORTANCEHigh salinity is deleterious, and cells must evolve sophisticated mechanisms to cope with this osmotic stress. Although production of ectoine and hydroxyectoine is one of the most frequently adopted strategies, the in-depth mechanism of regulation of their biosynthesis is less understood. So far, only two MarR family negative regulators, EctR1 and CosR, have been identified in methylobacteria andVibrio, respectively. Here, our work demonstrates that GlnR, the global regulator for nitrogen metabolism, is a negative transcriptional regulator forectgenes inStreptomyces coelicolor. Moreover, a close relationship is found between nitrogen metabolism and osmotic resistance, and GlnR-mediated regulation ofecttranscription is proposed to protect the intracellular glutamate pool. Meanwhile, the work reveals the multiple roles of GlnR in bacterial physiology.

scholarly journals Ectopic Expression of CrPIP2;3, a Plasma Membrane Intrinsic Protein Gene from the Halophyte Canavalia rosea, Enhances Drought and Salt-Alkali Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Jiexuan Zheng ◽  
Ruoyi Lin ◽  
Lin Pu ◽  
Zhengfeng Wang ◽  
Qiming Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ros Scavenging

Aquaporins are channel proteins that facilitate the transmembrane transport of water and other small neutral molecules, thereby playing vital roles in maintaining water and nutrition homeostasis in the life activities of all organisms. Canavalia rosea, a seashore and mangrove-accompanied halophyte with strong adaptability to adversity in tropical and subtropical regions, is a good model for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying extreme saline-alkaline and drought stress tolerance in leguminous plants. In this study, a PIP2 gene (CrPIP2;3) was cloned from C. rosea, and its expression patterns and physiological roles in yeast and Arabidopsis thaliana heterologous expression systems under high salt-alkali and high osmotic stress conditions were examined. The expression of CrPIP2;3 at the transcriptional level in C. rosea was affected by high salinity and alkali, high osmotic stress, and abscisic acid treatment. In yeast, the expression of CrPIP2;3 enhanced salt/osmotic and oxidative sensitivity under high salt/osmotic and H2O2 stress. The overexpression of CrPIP2;3 in A. thaliana could enhance the survival and recovery of transgenic plants under drought stress, and the seed germination and seedling growth of the CrPIP2;3 OX (over-expression) lines showed slightly stronger tolerance to high salt/alkali than the wild-type. The transgenic plants also showed a higher response level to high-salinity and dehydration than the wild-type, mostly based on the up-regulated expression of salt/dehydration marker genes in A. thaliana plants. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) staining results indicated that the transgenic lines did not possess stronger ROS scavenging ability and stress tolerance than the wild-type under multiple stresses. The results confirmed that CrPIP2;3 is involved in the response of C. rosea to salt and drought, and primarily acts by mediating water homeostasis rather than by acting as an ROS transporter, thereby influencing physiological processes under various abiotic stresses in plants.

A Novel Hydroxylpropyl Sulfobetaine Surfactant for High Temperature and High Salinity Reservoirs

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Desheng Ma ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Youyi Zhu ◽  
Wenli Luo
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Salinity
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