scholarly journals Adaptation Strategies of Halophytic Barley Hordeum marinum ssp. marinum to High Salinity and Osmotic Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 9019
Author(s):  
Stanislav Isayenkov ◽  
Alexander Hilo ◽  
Paride Rizzo ◽  
Yudelsy Antonia Tandron Moya ◽  
Hardy Rolletschek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Species Production

The adaptation strategies of halophytic seaside barley Hordeum marinum to high salinity and osmotic stress were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, as well as ionomic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic approaches. When compared with cultivated barley, seaside barley exhibited a better plant growth rate, higher relative plant water content, lower osmotic pressure, and sustained photosynthetic activity under high salinity, but not under osmotic stress. As seaside barley is capable of controlling Na+ and Cl− concentrations in leaves at high salinity, the roots appear to play the central role in salinity adaptation, ensured by the development of thinner and likely lignified roots, as well as fine-tuning of membrane transport for effective management of restriction of ion entry and sequestration, accumulation of osmolytes, and minimization of energy costs. By contrast, more resources and energy are required to overcome the consequences of osmotic stress, particularly the severity of reactive oxygen species production and nutritional disbalance which affect plant growth. Our results have identified specific mechanisms for adaptation to salinity in seaside barley which differ from those activated in response to osmotic stress. Increased knowledge around salt tolerance in halophytic wild relatives will provide a basis for improved breeding of salt-tolerant crops.

scholarly journals Silicon Stimulates Plant Growth and Metabolism in Rice Plants under Conventional and Osmotic Stress Conditions

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 777
Author(s):  
Sara Monzerrat Ramírez-Olvera ◽  
Libia Iris Trejo-Téllez ◽  
Fernando Carlos Gómez-Merino ◽  
Lucero del Mar Ruíz-Posadas ◽  
Ernesto Gabriel Alcántar-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Peg 8000

Exogenous silicon (Si) can enhance plant resistance to various abiotic factors causing osmotic stress. The objective of this research was to evaluate the application of 1 and 2 mM Si to plants under normal conditions and under osmotic stress. Morelos A-98 rice seedlings, were treated with 1 and 2 mM SiO2 for 28 d. Subsequently, half of the plants were subjected to osmotic stress with the addition of 10% polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000; and continued with the addition of Si (0, 1 and 2 mM SiO2) for both conditions. The application of Si under both conditions increased chlorophyll b in leaves, root volume, as well as fresh and dry biomass of roots. Interestingly, the number of tillers, shoot fresh and dry biomass, shoot water content, concentration of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a/b ratio, and the concentration of total sugars and proline in shoot increased with the addition of Si under osmotic stress conditions. The addition of Si under normal conditions decreased the concentration of sugars in the roots, K and Mn in roots, and increased the concentration of Fe and Zn in shoots. Therefore, Si can be used as a potent inorganic biostimulant in rice Morelos A-98 since it stimulates plant growth and modulates the concentration of vital biomolecules and essential nutrients.

scholarly journals Growth Promotion or Osmotic Stress Response: How SNF1-Related Protein Kinase 2 (SnRK2) Kinases Are Activated and Manage Intracellular Signaling in Plants

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1443
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Kamiyama ◽  
Sotaro Katagiri ◽  
Taishi Umezawa
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Wide Range

Reversible phosphorylation is a major mechanism for regulating protein function and controls a wide range of cellular functions including responses to external stimuli. The plant-specific SNF1-related protein kinase 2s (SnRK2s) function as central regulators of plant growth and development, as well as tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses. Although the activity of SnRK2s is tightly regulated in a phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent manner, recent investigations have revealed that SnRK2s can be activated by group B Raf-like protein kinases independently of ABA. Furthermore, evidence is accumulating that SnRK2s modulate plant growth through regulation of target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling. Here, we summarize recent advances in knowledge of how SnRK2s mediate plant growth and osmotic stress signaling and discuss future challenges in this research field.

scholarly journals The value of contrast-enhanced FLAIR magnetic resonance imaging in detecting meningeal abnormalities in suspected cases of meningitis compared to conventional contrast-enhanced T1WI sequences

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wael Hamza Kamr ◽  
Mohamed Gaber Eissawy ◽  
Amr Saadawy
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Flair Sequence ◽  
Csf Analysis ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Background Early diagnosis of meningitis with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) would be useful for appropriate and effective management, decrease morbidity and mortality, and provide better diagnosis and treatment. The objective of the current study is to compare the accuracy of contrast-enhanced FLAIR (CE-FLAIR) and contrast-enhanced T1WI (CE-T1WI) in the detection of meningeal abnormalities in suspected cases of meningitis. Results Out of 45 patients, 37 patients were confirmed to have meningitis on CSF analysis. Out of the 37 patients, 34 patients were positive on CE-FLAIR sequence and 27 were positive on CE-T1WI. The sensitivity of CE-FLAIR sequence was 91.9% and specificity 100%, while the sensitivity of CE-T1WI sequence was 73% and specificity 100%. Conclusion CE-FLAIR is more sensitive than CE-T1WI in diagnosis of meningitis. It is recommended to be used in any cases with clinically suspected meningitis.

The newly synthesized plant growth regulator S-methylmethionine salicylate may provide protection against high salinity in wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibor Janda ◽  
Radwan Khalil ◽  
Judit Tajti ◽  
Magda Pál ◽  
Gabriella Szalai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
High Salinity

Contribution of Mycorrhizal Fungi on Growth and Salinity Resistance of Citrus Roots (Citrus, Sp)

Nabatia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Palupi N.P
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Ros Formation ◽  
Salinity Resistance

Abiotic stress conditions with high salinity cause a decrease in plant growth and production in citrus plants. The application of mycorrhizal fungi with various species is expected to be able to overcome this problem to improve plant root conditions. The results showed that the application of mycorrhizal fungi was able to improve roots so as to increase nutrient absorption, be able to maintain plant conditions under salinity stress gradually, and be able to increase the capacity of higher seedlings to control ROS formation and to activate enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses.

Effect of osmotic stress on plant growth promoting Pseudomonas spp.

2010 ◽  
Vol 192 (10) ◽  
pp. 867-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Sandhya ◽  
Sk. Z. Ali ◽  
B. Venkateswarlu ◽  
Gopal Reddy ◽  
Minakshi Grover
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

scholarly journals Plant growth under suboptimal water conditions: early responses and methods to study them

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1706-1722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke Dubois ◽  
Dirk Inzé
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Environmental Constraint ◽  
Early Stress ◽  
Different Types

Abstract Drought stress forms a major environmental constraint during the life cycle of plants, often decreasing plant yield and in extreme cases threatening survival. The molecular and physiological responses induced by drought have been the topic of extensive research during the past decades. Because soil-based approaches to studying drought responses are often challenging due to low throughput and insufficient control of the conditions, osmotic stress assays in plates were developed to mimic drought. Addition of compounds such as polyethylene glycol, mannitol, sorbitol, or NaCl to controlled growth media has become increasingly popular since it offers the advantage of accurate control of stress level and onset. These osmotic stress assays enabled the discovery of very early stress responses, occurring within seconds or minutes following osmotic stress exposure. In this review, we construct a detailed timeline of early responses to osmotic stress, with a focus on how they initiate plant growth arrest. We further discuss the specific responses triggered by different types and severities of osmotic stress. Finally, we compare short-term plant responses under osmotic stress versus in-soil drought and discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and future of these plate-based proxies for drought.

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