scholarly journals Exogenous Application of Citric Acid Ameliorates the Adverse Effect of Heat Stress in Tall Fescue (Lolium arundinaceum)

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longxing Hu ◽  
Zhifei Zhang ◽  
Zuoxiang Xiang ◽  
Zhijian Yang
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Lolium Arundinaceum ◽  
Exogenous Application

scholarly journals Improvement of antioxidant activities and yield of spring maize through seed priming and foliar application of plant growth regulators under heat stress conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ijaz Ahmad ◽  
Shehzad Maqsood Ahmed Basra ◽  
Muhammad Akram ◽  
Allah Wasaya ◽  
Muhammad Ansar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Heat stress during reproductive and grain filling phases adversely affects the growth of cereals through reduction in grain’s number and size. However, exogenous application of antioxidants, plant growth regulators and osmoprotectants may be helpful to minimize these heat induced yield losses in cereals. This two year study was conducted to evaluate the role of exogenous application of ascorbic acid (AsA), salicylic acid (SA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) applied through seed priming or foliar spray on biochemical, physiological, morphological and yield related traits, grain yield and quality of late spring sown hybrid maize. The experiment was conducted in the spring season of 2007 and 2008. We observed that application of AsA, SA and H2O2 applied through seed priming or foliar spray improved the physiological, biochemical, morphological and yield related traits, grain yield and grain quality of late spring sown maize in both years. In both years, we observed higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity in the plants where AsA, SA and H2O2were applied through seed priming or foliar spray than control. Membrane stability index (MSI), relative water contents (RWC), chlorophyll contents, grain yield and grain oil contents were also improved by exogenous application of AsA, SA and H2O2 in both years. Seed priming of AsA, SA and H2O2was equally effective as the foliar application. In conclusion, seed priming with AsA, SA and H2O2 may be opted to lessen the heat induced yield losses in late sown spring hybrid maize. Heat tolerance induced by ASA, SA and H2O2 may be attributed to increase in antioxidant activities and MSI which maintained RWC and chlorophyll contents in maize resulting in better grain yield in heat stress conditions.

scholarly journals Development of a genetic evaluation for hair shedding in American Angus cattle to improve thermotolerance

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harly J. Durbin ◽  
Duc Lu ◽  
Helen Yampara-Iquise ◽  
Stephen P. Miller ◽  
Jared E. Decker
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
The United States ◽  
Genetic Evaluation ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Fescue Toxicosis ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Angus Cattle ◽  
Genetic Evaluations

Abstract Background Heat stress and fescue toxicosis caused by ingesting tall fescue infected with the endophytic fungus Epichloë coenophiala represent two of the most prevalent stressors to beef cattle in the United States and cost the beef industry millions of dollars each year. The rate at which a beef cow sheds her winter coat early in the summer is an indicator of adaptation to heat and an economically relevant trait in temperate or subtropical parts of the world. Furthermore, research suggests that early-summer hair shedding may reflect tolerance to fescue toxicosis, since vasoconstriction induced by fescue toxicosis limits the ability of an animal to shed its winter coat. Both heat stress and fescue toxicosis reduce profitability partly via indirect maternal effects on calf weaning weight. Here, we developed parameters for routine genetic evaluation of hair shedding score in American Angus cattle, and identified genomic loci associated with variation in hair shedding score via genome-wide association analysis (GWAA). Results Hair shedding score was moderately heritable (h2 = 0.34 to 0.40), with different repeatability estimates between cattle grazing versus not grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue. Our results suggest modestly negative genetic and phenotypic correlations between a dam’s hair shedding score (lower score is earlier shedding) and the weaning weight of her calf, which is one metric of performance. Together, these results indicate that economic gains can be made by using hair shedding score breeding values to select for heat-tolerant cattle. GWAA identified 176 variants significant at FDR < 0.05. Functional enrichment analyses using genes that were located within 50 kb of these variants identified pathways involved in keratin formation, prolactin signalling, host-virus interaction, and other biological processes. Conclusions This work contributes to a continuing trend in the development of genetic evaluations for environmental adaptation. Our results will aid beef cattle producers in selecting more sustainable and climate-adapted cattle, as well as enable the development of similar routine genetic evaluations in other breeds.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic profiling of tall fescue in response to heat stress and improved thermotolerance by melatonin and 24-epibrassinolide

BMC Genomics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nur Alam ◽  
Lihua Zhang ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Md. Rabiul Islam ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Transcriptomic Profiling

Whole-crop triticale silage for dairy cows grazing perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) or tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) pastures in small-scale dairy systems during the dry season in the highlands of Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1903-1910
Author(s):  
Felipe de Jesús González-Alcántara ◽  
Julieta Gertrudis Estrada-Flores ◽  
Ernesto Morales-Almaraz ◽  
Felipe López-González ◽  
Aida Gómez-Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Lolium Arundinaceum ◽  
Dairy Systems ◽  
Small Scale Dairy

Effects of mineral premix withdrawal or reduction on broilers performance

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 161-161
Author(s):  
B. Navidshad ◽  
A. Jafari Sayadi ◽  
A. Abolghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Vitamin Supplements ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Normal Vitamin ◽  
Finisher Diets

Many studies have been carried out to reduce dietary mineral premix level with no adverse effect on broiler performance. Controversial results have been reported in this respect. Deyhim et al (1994) showed that at normal temperature and also under heat stress at 28-49 days of age, removing mineral and vitamin supplements cause reduction in performance, but withdrawal of mineral premix alone, didn’t affect production. Christmas et al (1995) suggest that it is possible to removing vitamin and mineral supplements from finisher diets of broiler chickens at last week of raring period. The aim of this trail was study of effect of withdrawing or reduction mineral premix from diets with normal vitamin premix level on broilers performance.

scholarly journals Effects of Environmental Heat and Intake of Tall Fescue Seed Infested with Acremonium Coenophialum on the Acid-Base Status of Young Bulls

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Mills Wallace ◽  
D. W. Vogt ◽  
R. J. Lipsey ◽  
G. B. Gamer ◽  
C. N. Cornell
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Acremonium Coenophialum ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Metabolic Compensation ◽  
Acid Base Status

Effects of high environmental temperature and dietary intake of tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea) seed containing the endophyte Acremonium coenophialum on bovine acid-base status were studied using 3 groups of bull calves (2 Simmental, 1 Angus). Experimental animals were housed in controlled-climate chambers and subjected to gradual increases in environmental temperature, first while being fed an endophyte-free diet and then while being fed a diet containing 17% endophyte-infested fescue seed. Marked acid-base disturbances were not observed in any animals. In general, Pco2, HCO3-, base excess, and arterial blood pH values were reduced in response to heat stress, both with endophyte-free and endophyte-containing diets. In most individuals anion gap increased. These results reflected metabolic compensation for mild chronic alveolar hyperventilation and retention of organic acids. These findings suggest that, under conditions similar to those found during the summer in central Missouri, normal cattle should not be at great risk of developing respiratory alkalosis or other severe acid-base disturbances as a result of heat stress and/or intake of tall fescue endophyte.

Effect of Simulated Rainfall on Tall Fescue (Lolium Arundinaceum) Control with Glyphosate

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis W. Gannon ◽  
Fred H. Yelverton
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rainfall Amount ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Lolium Arundinaceum ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Glyphosate Formulation ◽  
Glyphosate Formulations

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of simulated rainfall after glyphosate application on tall fescue control. Three glyphosate formulations, three simulated rainfall amounts, two application rates, and three rain-free periods were evaluated. Glyphosate formulations evaluated included Roundup Original®, Roundup Pro®, and Roundup ProDry®. Herbicide drying periods, or rain-free intervals, included 15, 30, or 60 min. Simulated rainfall amounts were 0, 0.25, or 0.64 cm. Application rates of glyphosate were 3.4 or 6.7 kg ae/ha. Averaged across glyphosate formulation and simulated rainfall amount, excellent (≥ 90%) tall fescue control was observed when no simulated rainfall occurred within 60 min after application, whereas good (≥ 80%) tall fescue control was observed when 30 rain-free min were provided. Although current glyphosate labels are vague about rainfastness, these data indicate that critical rain-free periods may be as short as 30 min when higher application rates are used.

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