scholarly journals Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Radish Sprouts: Root Growth Reduction and Modifications in the Nutritional Value

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nubia Zuverza-Mena ◽  
Raul Armendariz ◽  
Jose R. Peralta-Videa ◽  
Jorge L. Gardea-Torresdey
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Radish Sprouts ◽  
Root Growth Reduction

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on Root Traits of Spring and Winter Canola (Brassica napus L.) under Controlled and Water Stressed Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arif Uz Zaman ◽  
Mukhlesur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Winter Type ◽  
Root Parameters ◽  
Root Growth Reduction ◽  
Root Vigor

Root system in canola (Brassica napus L.) varies largely in different growth habit types. A study was conducted with five winter and five spring types of canola germplasm. The objective was to identify the gradual change of root traits at different growth habits stages under controlled and water stressed conditions. Two experiments, controlled and water stressed, were conducted in a greenhouse. Data on different root traits were collected at 30, 40, 50 and 60 days after planting. In controlled experiment, no significant difference was observed for root traits between winter and spring types at 30 days after planting. However, significant variations were appeared for taproot length (F = 10.17***) and root dry weight (F = 16.96***) between winter and spring types at 40 days after planting. All other root parameters such as basal taproot diameter (F = 22.14***), bottom taproot diameter (F = 4.59*), primary root branches (F = 78.70***) and root vigor (F = 47.18***) were significantly higher in the winter types compared to those of the spring types at 60 days after planting. Growth pattern curves indicated that all the root traits of spring types increased in a steady fashion, where the root traits of winter types increased rapidly after 40 days of planting. In water stressed experiment, the water stress was applied from 20 to 60 days after planting, and data was taken at 60 days after planting. All the root parameters except taproot length were significantly (P < 0.001) lower in the stressed spring and winter plants compared to the control plants. The root growth reduction in stressed winter type germplasms was higher. Basal taproot diameter, bottom taproot diameter, primary root branches, root vigor, and root dry weight were decreased by 43%, 63%, 19%, 31% and 53%, respectively in stressed winter type plants. In contrast, the root growth reduction of the spring type germplasms were relatively lower. This study indicated that winter type canola generates vigorous root system in comparison to spring types under normal growing conditions, but ceases its root growth rate more than the spring types under water stressed conditions.

scholarly journals Temporal dynamics of the response to Al stress in Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus camaldulensis

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 1063-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berenice K. de Alcântara ◽  
Daniel Pizzaia ◽  
Fernando A. Piotto ◽  
Lucélia Borgo ◽  
Gilvano E. Brondani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Root Growth Reduction

Lipid peroxidation and root elongation of Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus camaldulensis were studied under stress conditions in response to aluminum (Al), a metal known to limit agricultural productivity in acidic soils primarily due to reduced root elongation. In Brazil, the Grancam 1277 hybrid (E. grandis × E. camaldulensis) has been planted in the "Cerrado", a region of the country with a wide occurrence of acidic soils. The present study demonstrated that the hybrid exhibited root growth reduction and increased levels of lipid peroxidation after 24h of treatment with 100 µM of Al, which was followed by a reduction in lipid peroxidation levels and the recovery of root elongation after 48h of Al exposure, suggesting a rapid response to the early stressful conditions induced by Al. The understanding of the temporal dynamics of Al tolerance may be useful for selecting more tolerant genotypes and for identifying genes of interest for applications in bioengineering.

scholarly journals Omeprazole Enhances Mechanical Stress-Induced Root Growth Reduction in Arabidopsis thaliana

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1581-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Okamoto ◽  
Shogo Takatani ◽  
Yoshiteru Noutoshi ◽  
Hiroyasu Motose ◽  
Taku Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Root Growth Reduction

BORON INCREASES THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF MUNGBEAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 922-924
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asghar Ali
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Nitrogen Assimilation ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Positive Effect

Pulses have significant role in the profitability of agriculture because of major proportion of our population depends on it due to its higher nutritional value, rich source of protein and low price. Pulses are also important component of animal feed and their dried straw is used as hay. In pulses, mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is a vital crop. Boron has positive effect on growth and development, nitrogen assimilation and root growth. Low level of boron causes negative impact on growth, narrow leave expansion, restricted root elongation and morphological features of mungbean plant.

scholarly journals Assessment Of Biologically Synthesized Ag Nanoparticles Toxicity Against E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Parachlorella kessleri And Sinapis alba

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Kaduková ◽  
Oksana Velgosová ◽  
Anna Mražíková ◽  
Renáta Marcinčáková ◽  
Eva Tkáčová
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Parachlorella Kessleri

Abstract In general, Ag+ ions and AgNPs are considered to be the most toxic for bacterial cells and less toxic for higher organisms. In the present work inhibitory effects of biologically prepared silver nanoparticles on the growth of bacteria E. coli CCM 3954 and Staphylococcus aureus CCM 3953, green microscopic alga Parachlorella kessleri LARG/1 and seed germination and root growth of plant Sinapis alba seeds were investigated. Surprisingly, silver nanoparticles showed much stronger inhibitory effects on plant seed germination and root growth than on the bacterial growth. At concentration of 75 mg/l AgNPs both seed germination and root growth of Sinapis alba was inhibited whereas inhibition of the growth of E. coli and S. aureus was observed at >195 mg/l. Growth inhibition of alga Parachlorella kessleri was recorded at 300 mg/l AgNPs concentration. The inhibitory effect of silver ions was much higher compared to silver nanoparticles. Even 20 mg/l concentration of Ag+ ions inhibited the root growth and concentration > 45 mg/l inhibited germination of Sinapis alba seeds. Inhibition zones in both studied bacteria were found at concentration > 140 mg/l.

scholarly journals Genotypic differences in response to Hygromycin effect on untransformed calli death and rice germination

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahanaz Sultana ◽  
Chai Ling Ho ◽  
Parameswari Namasivayam ◽  
Suhaimi Napis
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Shoot And Root Growth ◽  
Selection Of

Hygromycin is an efficient selective agent in transformation studies of wide ranges of crop. In this study, different concentrations of hygromycin were used to observe the effect on untransformed calli death, percent germination and seedling growth of three rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) viz BRRI dhan29, MR219 and Taipei309. Hygromycin killed the untransformed calli and inhibited the germination of tested varieties in a concentration dependent manner. Among the tested varieties, the lowest and the highest calli death was observed in MR219 and Taipei309 respectively in all the concentrations of hygromycin. Whereas, the highest and the lowest percent germination were observed in MR219 and Taipei309 respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for selection of calli were calculated as 42, 40 and 47 mg/L hygromycin for BRRI dhan29, MR219 and Taipei309 respectively. During germination, 35, 62 and 32 mg/L hygromycin were suitable for the selection of BRRI dhan29, MR219 and Taipei 309 respectively. Shoot and root growth reduction after germination was increased with the increased concentration of hygromycin. Besides, root growth was more sensitive to hygromycin than the shoot. These results suggest that hygromycin increases calli death, decreases percent germination, and shoot and root growth in all varieties with the increasing rate of hygromycin. But these characteristics vary with different degrees in different genotypes as well as different stages.Bangladesh Rice j. 2014, 18(1&2): 38-43

A Comparison of Phytophthora cinnamomi Infection in Eucalyptus sieberi, a Susceptible Species, and Eucalyptus maculata a Field Resistant Species

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 643 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Halsall
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Eucalypt Species ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Eucalyptus Maculata

Zoospores of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands were attracted, in almost equal numbers, to seedling roots of Eucalyptus sieberi (a susceptible species) and Eucalyptus maculata (a field resistant species). Germinating zoospores penetrated and mycelium developed within seedling roots of both species. The root and shoot growth of both eucalypt species were reduced by P. cinnamomi infection. In E. sieberi the growth reduction was greater than in E. maculata seedlings and other symptoms of infection were evident. Cell-free extracts of P. cinnamomi were able to produce some of the symptoms of infection in the absence of parasitism. Root growth of both eucalypt species was reduced at high extract dilutions and seedling deaths occurred at low extract dilutions.

scholarly journals Modeling of root nitrate responses suggests preferential foraging arises from the integration of demand, supply and local presence signals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meine D. Boer ◽  
Joana Santos Teixeira ◽  
Kirsten H. ten Tusscher
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Growth Increase ◽  
System Adaptation ◽  
Nitrate Distribution

AbstractA plants’ fitness to a large extent depends on its capacity to adapt to spatio-temporally varying environmental conditions. One such environmental condition to which plants display extensive phenotypic plasticity is soil nitrate levels and patterns. In response to heterogeneous nitrate distribution, plants show a preferential foraging response, enhancing root growth in high nitrate patches and repressing root growth in low nitrate locations beyond a level that can be explained from local nitrate sensing. Although various molecular players involved in this preferential foraging behavior have been identified, how these together shape root system adaptation has remained unresolved. Here we use a simple modeling approach in which we incrementally incorporate the various known molecular pathways to investigate the combination of regulatory mechanisms that underly preferential root nitrate foraging. Our model suggests that instead of a thus far not discovered growth suppressing supply signal, growth reduction on the low nitrate side may simply arise from a reduced root foraging and increased competition for carbon. Additionally, our work suggests that the long distance CK signaling involved in root growth increase in high nitrate patches may represent a supply signal specifically functioning in modulating demand signaling strength. We illustrate how this integration of demand and supply signals prevents excessive preferential foraging under conditions in which demand is not met by sufficient supply and a more generic foraging in search of nitrate should be maintained.

scholarly journals Silver nanoparticles affect germination and photosynthesis in tobacco seedlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Biba ◽  
Mirta Tkalec ◽  
Petra Cvjetko ◽  
Petra Peharec Štefanić ◽  
Sandra Šikić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Relative Electron ◽  
Tobacco Seedlings

Extensive commercialization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) raises the risk of their accumulation in the soil-plant system. Once released into the environment, AgNPs are prone to chemical transformations, which makes it hard to determine whether their phytotoxic effects are purely NP-related or a consequence of released Ag+ ions. In this study the effects of 25, 50, 75, 100 and 150 μM AgNPs and AgNO3 on seed germination and early growth of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seedlings were compared. Additionally, the effect on photosynthetic performance and pigment content were investigated. Germination rate and index values indicated delayed and slower germination in some AgNP treatments. Lower AgNP concentrations stimulated root growth, but induced prominent reduction in fresh weight. Contrary, all AgNO3 concentrations inhibited root growth but only the higher ones decreased fresh weight. Obtained results imply that the observed AgNP toxicity could be ascribed to NP form and can be correlated with high AgNP stability in the solid medium. On the other hand, majority of AgNP and AgNO3 treatments induced an increase in chlorophyll content which was accompanied with significantly lower values of relative electron transport rate and coefficient of photochemical quenching, implying an inhibition of the electron transport chain. Similar impact of AgNPs and AgNO3 on photosynthesis can be correlated with lower stability of AgNPs in the liquid medium, resulting in AgNP aggregation and dissolution of Ag+ ions.

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