scholarly journals Phylogenetic Analysis of K+ Transporters in Bryophytes, Lycophytes, and Flowering Plants Indicates a Specialization of Vascular Plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Lucia Gomez-Porras ◽  
Diego Mauricio Riaño-Pachón ◽  
Begoña Benito ◽  
Rosario Haro ◽  
Kamil Sklodowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Flowering Plants

scholarly journals Squalene Cyclases and Cycloartenol Synthases from Polystichum polyblepharum and Six Allied Ferns

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichi Shinozaki ◽  
Takahisa Nakene ◽  
Akihito Takano
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Pichia Pastoris ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Biosynthetic Enzymes ◽  
Oxidosqualene Cyclase

Ferns are the most primitive of all vascular plants. One of the characteristics distinguishing them from flowering plants is its triterpene metabolism. Most cyclic triterpenes in ferns are hydrocarbons derived from the direct cyclization of squalene by squalene cyclases (SCs). Both ferns and more complex plants share sterols and biosynthetic enzymes, such as cycloartenol synthases (CASs). Polystichum belongs to Dryopteridaceae, and is one of the most species-rich of all fern genera. Several Polystichum ferns in Japan are classified as one of three possible chemotypes, based on their triterpene profiles. In this study, we describe the molecular cloning and functional characterization of cDNAs encoding a SC (PPH) and a CAS (PPX) from the type species Polystichum polyblepharum. Heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris revealed that PPH and PPX are hydroxyhopane synthase and CAS, respectively. By using the PPH and PPX sequences, we successfully isolated SC- and CAS-encoding cDNAs from six Polystichum ferns. Phylogenetic analysis, based on SCs and oxidosqualene cyclase sequences, suggested that the Polystichum subclade in the fern SC and CAS clades reflects the chemotype—but not the molecular phylogeny constructed using plastid molecular markers. These results show a possible relation between triterpenes and their biosynthetic enzymes in Polystichum.

Individuality, self and sociality of vascular plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 376 (1821) ◽  
pp. 20190760 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Baluška ◽  
Stefano Mancuso
Keyword(s):  
Action Potentials ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Kin Recognition ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Self Recognition ◽  
Seed Dispersers ◽  
And Control

Vascular plants are integrated into coherent bodies via plant-specific synaptic adhesion domains, action potentials (APs) and other means of long-distance signalling running throughout the plant bodies. Plant-specific synapses and APs are proposed to allow plants to generate their self identities having unique ways of sensing and acting as agents with their own goals guiding their future activities. Plants move their organs with a purpose and with obvious awareness of their surroundings and require APs to perform and control these movements. Self-identities allow vascular plants to act as individuals enjoying sociality via their self/non-self-recognition and kin recognition. Flowering plants emerge as cognitive and intelligent organisms when the major strategy is to attract and control their animal pollinators as well as seed dispersers by providing them with food enriched with nutritive and manipulative/addictive compounds. Their goal in interactions with animals is manipulation for reproduction, dispersal and defence. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Basal cognition: multicellularity, neurons and the cognitive lens’.

scholarly journals SPESIES TUMBUHAN ASLI, INTRODUKSI DAN INVASIF DI PULAU BARRANGCADDI SULAWESI SELATAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dody Priosambodo ◽  
Khairul Amri ◽  
Mahatma Lanuru
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
South China ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Check List ◽  
Field Guide

Penelitian tentang inventarisasi spesies tumbuhan di pulau Barrangcaddi yang berpenduduk padat telah dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis tumbuhan asli, tumbuhan introduksi dan tumbuhan invasif di Pulau Barrangcaddi. Kegiatan sampling dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Data diambil dengan mencatat semua spesies tumbuhan yang ditemukan selama penjelajahan di pulau Barrangcaddi. Seluruh sampel di foto. Sampel tumbuhan yang tidak diketahui namanya, di ambil bagian-bagiannya, kemudian dikoleksi dan diidentifikasi di laboratorium Ilmu Lingkungan dan Kelautan, Departemen Biologi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Hasanuddin. Identifikasi sampel menggunakan buku: An Annotated Check-List of The Vascular Plants of The South China Sea and Its Shores oleh Turner et al. (2000) dan Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia oleh Wim Giesen et al. (2007) untuk spesies hutan pantai; Tropical flowering plants: a guide to identification and cultivation oleh Kirsten Albrecht Llamas (2003) untuk spesies tanaman hias dan tanaman budidaya/introduksi serta Nonnative Invasive Plants of Pacific Coast Forest. A Field Guide for Identification oleh Gray et al. (2011) dan Guide to The Naturalized and Invasive Plants of Southeast Asia oleh Arne Witt (2017) untuk spesies tumbuhan invasif. Dari hasil penelitian di pulau Barrangcaddi tercatat sebanyak 142 spesies tumbuhan dari 51 suku. Sebagian besar didominasi oleh tanaman hias dan budidaya (introduksi) dengan 103 spesies dari 42 suku diikuti spesies asli (native species) dengan jumlah 29 spesies dari 19 suku. Spesies invasif tercatat paling sedikit dengan jumlah 10 spesies dari 5 suku. Sebagian besar tutupan vegetasi dari spesies asli telah hilang akibat alih fungsi lahan menjadi permukiman.

Ultrastructure of the spermatozoid of Lycopodiella lateralis (Lycopodiaceae)

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1728-1738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel R. Maden ◽  
Karen Sue Renzaglia ◽  
Dean P. Whittier ◽  
David J. Garbary
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Multilayered Structure ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Basal Bodies ◽  
Male Gametogenesis ◽  
Plant Phylogeny ◽  
Sister Clade ◽  
Land Plant Phylogeny

The spermatozoid of Lycopodiella lateralis (R. Br.) B. Øllgaard is ovoid and biflagellated and contains little cytoplasm. A large, rounded, condensed nucleus occupies the central region of the cell. At the rear of the cell is a cluster of starch-containing plastids associated with numerous elongated mitochondria and small pockets of remnant cytoplasm. The multilayered structure coils laterally around the cell anterior for just over one revolution. An anterior mitochondrion underlies the multilayered structure over its entire length and several smaller mitochondria line the inner anterior coil. Some 150 spline microtubules extend from the multilayered structure and coil posteriorly at approximately a 45° angle to the longitudinal axis of the cell. Microtubules progressively increase in length from the margins of the multilayered structure to the center and thus only a central core of approximately 30 microtubules encircles the organelles at the base of the cell. The two basal bodies are parallel and staggered in their position over the multilayered structure and are separated by about 80° around the circumference of the cell anterior. The flagella emerge in parallel and coil for nearly two revolutions. Comparisons among Lycopodiella, Palhinhaea, and Lycopodium provide the basis for evolutionary inferences associated with modifications in spermatozoid structure such as changes in cell size, whole cell coiling, and distance between basal bodies. Phylogenetic analysis of male gametogenesis suggests that Lycopodiella is part of a monophyletic lycopsid assemblage near the base of the vascular plants. Within this clade, Lycopodiella is most closely related to Palhinhaea, with Lycopodium, Phylloglossum, and Selaginella forming a sister clade. Key words: Lycopodiella, Lycopodium, spermatozoid, land plant phylogeny, locomotory apparatus, ultrastructure.

scholarly journals Characterization, Expression, and Interaction Analyses of OsMORF Gene Family in Rice

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Lan Shen ◽  
Deyong Ren ◽  
Jiang Hu ◽  
Guang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Rna Editing ◽  
Gene Structure ◽  
Gene Function ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Different Tissues

The multiple organellar RNA editing factors (MORF) gene family plays a key role in organelle RNA editing in flowering plants. MORF genes expressions are also affected by abiotic stress. Although seven OsMORF genes have been identified in rice, few reports have been published on their expression patterns in different tissues and under abiotic stress, and OsMORF–OsMORF interactions. In this study, we analyzed the gene structure of OsMORF family genes. The MORF family members were divided into six subgroups in different plants based on phylogenetic analysis. Seven OsMORF genes were highly expressed in leaves. Six and seven OsMORF genes expressions were affected by cold and salt stresses, respectively. OsMORF–OsMORF interaction analysis indicated that OsMORF1, OsMORF8a, and OsMORF8b could each interact with themselves to form homomers. Moreover, five OsMORF proteins were shown to be able to interact with each other, such as OsMORF8a and OsMORF8b interacting with OsMORF1 and OsMORF2b, respectively, to form heteromers. These results provide information for further study of OsMORF gene function.

scholarly journals The Heavy Links between Geological Events and Vascular Plants Evolution: A Brief Outline

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Piombino
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Fast Diffusion ◽  
Extinction Rate ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Plant Origin

Since the rise of photosynthesis, life has influenced terrestrial atmosphere, particularly the O2 and the CO2 content (the latter being originally more than 95%), changing the chemistry of waters, atmosphere, and soils. Billions of years after, a far offspring of these first unicellular forms conquered emerging lands, not only completely changing landscape, but also modifying geological cycles of deposition and erosion, many chemical and physical characteristics of soils and fresh waters, and, more, the cycle of various elements. So, there are no doubts that vascular plants modified geology; but it is true that also geology has affected (and, more, has driven) plant evolution. New software, PyRate, has determined vascular plant origin and diversification through a Bayesian analysis of fossil record from Silurian to today, particularly observing their origination and extinction rate. A comparison between PyRate data and geological history suggests that geological events massively influenced plant evolution and that also the rise of nonflowering seed plants and the fast diffusion of flowering plants can be explained, almost partly, with the environmental condition changes induced by geological phenomena.

scholarly journals Los Géneros de plantas vasculares de la flora de México

2017 ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Villaseñor
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Ecological Distribution ◽  
Richness Patterns

An updated account of the generic richness of Mexican vascular plants records 2,804 native genera, distributed in 304 families. The flowering plants include the largest number (2,663 genera), 2,117 of them dicotyledons (Magnoliophyta) and 546 monocotyledons (Liliopsida). In addition, 127 genera of ferns and fern allies and 14 of gymnosperms are recorded. A list of generic names is provided, as well as a brief discussion about their richness patterns and their geographical and ecological distribution. Of the total generic richness of Mexico, 7.8% (219 genera) is considered to be endemic to this country.

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