scholarly journals The Impact of Micronutrients-Calcium, Vitamin D, Selenium, Zinc in Cardiovascular Health: A Mini Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harini Narayanam ◽  
Suresh V. Chinni ◽  
Sumitha Samuggam
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Cardiac Health ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Impact

The role of micronutrients in health and disease has increased the curiosity and interest among researchers. The prime focus of this review is the significance of trace elements- calcium, vitamin D, selenium and zinc with cardiovascular health. WHO identified cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as the leading cause of deaths globally. Identifying the risk factors that could be modified and creating new treatment strategies remains to be the main concern for CVD prevention. The data that showed the relationship between trace elements and various ways in which they may contribute to cardiovascular health and disease from clinical trials and observational studies were collected from databases such as PubMed and Embase. Based on these collected data, it shows that either high or low circulating serum levels can be associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases. Micronutrients through diet contribute to improved cardiac health. However, due to our current lifestyle, there is a huge dependency on dietary supplements. Based on the observational studies, it is evident that supplements cause sudden increase in the circulating levels of the nutrients and result in cardiovascular damage. Thus, it is advisable to restrict the use of supplements, owing to the potent risks it may cause. In order to understand the exact mechanism between micronutrients and cardiac health, more clinical studies are required.

Advanced maternal age and the impact on maternal and offspring cardiovascular health

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (2) ◽  
pp. H387-H394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy-Lynn M. Cooke ◽  
Sandra T. Davidge
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Advanced Maternal Age ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
In Utero Environment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Impact

Delaying pregnancy, which is on the rise, may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in both women and their children. The physiological mechanisms that lead to these effects are not fully understood but may involve inadequate adaptations of the maternal cardiovascular system to pregnancy. Indeed, there is abundant evidence in the literature that a fetus developing in a suboptimal in utero environment (such as in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, and/or preeclampsia) is at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood, the developmental origins of health and disease theory. Although women of advanced age are at a significantly increased risk of pregnancy complications, there is limited information as to whether advanced maternal age constitutes an added stressor on the prenatal environment of the fetus, and whether or not this is secondary to impaired cardiovascular function during pregnancy. This review summarizes the current literature available on the impact of advanced maternal age on cardiovascular adaptations to pregnancy and the role of maternal age on long-term health risks for both the mother and offspring.

Vitamin D Replacement Mitigates Menopause-Associated Dyslipidaemia and Atherogenic Indices in Ovariectomized Rats; A Biochemical Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (03) ◽  
pp. 144-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Hassan Muhammad ◽  
Noha Ibrahim Hussien ◽  
Sania K. Elwia
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Cardiac Risk ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Atherogenic Indices ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background & Aim Dyslipidaemia is highly prevalent among postmenopausal women and its management represents a keystone in the prevention of the worldwide increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Therapy choices for menopause-associated dyslipidaemia are limited and a matter of debate. So, it becomes prudent to search for natural safe alternatives. Vitamin D (VD) has been acknowledged as an essential factor in cardiovascular health. Thus, we aimed to illustrate the impact of different VD status on dyslipidaemia and atherogenic indices. Method 5 groups of rats were conducted; SHAM group fed control diet, ovariectomized rats fed control diet (OVX), ovariectomized rats fed VD-sufficient-high fat diet (HFD) (1 000 IU/ kg diet), ovariectomized rats fed VD-deficient-HFD (25 IU/ kg diet), and ovariectomized rats fed VD-replete-HFD (10 000 IU/ kg diet) for 16 weeks. Results Dyslipidaemia with an increased atherogenic index of plasma, atherosclerosis coefficient, cardiac risk ratio, and aortic total cholesterol accumulation in addition to reduced serum 25-hydroxy-VD levels was observed in the OVX and VD-sufficient HFD versus SHAM. These findings were aggravated by VD-deficient-HFD while reversed by VD-replete-HFD. The VD-mediated abundance of aortic ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression, reduced activity of the inflammatory Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and downregulation of aortic cluster of differentiation-36 (CD36) receptors expression together with increased serum total antioxidant capacity and reduced serum malondialdehyde were among the supposed mechanisms. Conclusions Our study sheds light on alarming levels of VD deficiency among ovariectomized rats. VD repletion improved the menopause-associated dyslipidaemia and atherogenic indices through hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects.

scholarly journals Biomarkers of a Healthy Nordic Diet—From Dietary Exposure Biomarkers to Microbiota Signatures in the Metabolome

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikard Landberg ◽  
Kati Hanhineva
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Nordic Diet ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Impact

Whole diets and dietary patterns are increasingly highlighted in modern nutrition and health research instead of single food items or nutrients alone. The Healthy Nordic Diet is a dietary pattern typically associated with beneficial health outcomes in observational studies, but results from randomized controlled trials are mixed. Dietary assessment is one of the greatest challenges in observational studies and compliance is a major challenge in dietary interventions. During the last decade, research has shown the great importance of the gut microbiota in health and disease. Studies have have both shown that the Nordic diet affects the gut microbiota and that the gut microbiota predicts the effects of such a diet. Rapid technique developments in the area of high-throughput mass spectrometry have enabled the large-scale use of metabolomics both as an objective measurement of dietary intake as well as in providing the final readout of the endogenous metabolic processes and the impact of the gut microbiota. In this review, we give an update on the current status on biomarkers that reflect a Healthy Nordic Diet or individual components thereof (food intake biomarkers), biomarkers that show the effects of a Healthy Nordic Diet and biomarkers reflecting the role of a Healthy Nordic Diet on the gut microbiota as well as how the gut microbiota or derived molecules may be used to predict the effects of a Healthy Nordic Diet on different outcomes.

scholarly journals The impact of vitamin D status and supplementation on thyroid autoimmunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 681-685
Author(s):  
I. Pankiv
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽  
Organ System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
High Dose ◽  
The Impact

Background. In spite of large volume of data linking vitamin D (VD) with cardiovascular morbidity, autoimmunity, cancer, and virtually every organ system, VD and thyroid is a lesser-known aspect of VD in clinical practice. The reason for this almost ubiquitous role of VD is perhaps because VD receptor (VDR) is virtually expressed in every tissue and organ system of the body. This review intends to highlight the current literature on the impact of VD status and supplementation on thyroid autoimmunity. Materials and methods. References for this review were identified through searches of PubMed for articles published to from 2015 to September 2020 using the terms “thyroid” and “Vitamin D”. Results. Significant inverse correlation was documented between anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO Ab) and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 25(OH)D. TPO Ab positivity is more prevalent in VD deficient individuals. A large volume of medical literature is available from observational studies linking VD with thyroid autoimmunity. Data from interventional studies documenting beneficial effects of VD on thyroid autoimmunity is also available, but lesser than that from observational studies. Short-term high dose oral VD supplementation reduces TPO Ab titers. Certain VDR gene polymorphism has been linked to increased occurrence of autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITD). Data on whether correction of Vitamin D deficiency in AITD results in reduction in the requirement of levothyroxine or carbimazole in hypothyroidism or Graves’ disease respectively is not available. Conclusions. In spite of large volume of medical literature from observational studies linking VD with thyroid autoimmunity, meaningful concrete clinical data on impact of VD supplementation on hard clinical end points in these disorders is lacking, and should be the primary area of research in the next decade.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Health and The Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem: The Impact of Cardiovascular Therapies on The Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2013
Author(s):  
Noora Alhajri ◽  
Rubiya Khursheed ◽  
Mohammad Taher Ali ◽  
Tareq Abu Izneid ◽  
Oumaima Al-Kabbani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Microbial Ecosystem ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
The Impact

It has become evident over the past several years that the intestinal microbial ecosystem plays a critical role in the development and prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and other metabolic disorders, such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. The intestinal microbiota ecosystem functions as a major virtual endocrine organ that interacts and responds to molecules’ signals within the host. Several meta-organismal pathways are involved in the gut–host interaction, including trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Host phenotype and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) varying from hypertension, insulin resistance, and obesity to more specific inflammatory processes, such as atherosclerosis and hypercoagulability, have shown to be affected by the gut–host interaction. Additionally, several studies that involved animals and humans demonstrated a striking connection between the development of new CVDs and an imbalance in the gut microbiota composition along with the presence of their derived metabolites. Through this review article, we aim to evaluate the role of the normal gut microbiota ecosystem, its association with CVDs, effects of the therapies used to control and manage CVDs in the gut microbiota environment and explore potential therapeutic interventions to amplify disease outcomes in patients with CVDs.

scholarly journals An Overview of Glycosylation and its Impact on Cardiovascular Health and Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Julissa Loaeza-Reyes ◽  
Edgar Zenteno ◽  
Adriana Moreno-Rodríguez ◽  
Rafael Torres-Rosas ◽  
Liliana Argueta-Figueroa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Extracellular Stimuli ◽  
Health And Disease

The cardiovascular system is a complex and well-organized system in which glycosylation plays a vital role. The heart and vascular wall cells are constituted by an array of specific receptors; most of them are N- glycosylated and mucin-type O-glycosylated. There are also intracellular signaling pathways regulated by different post-translational modifications, including O-GlcNAcylation, which promote adequate responses to extracellular stimuli and signaling transduction. Herein, we provide an overview of N-glycosylation and O-glycosylation, including O-GlcNAcylation, and their role at different levels such as reception of signal, signal transduction, and exogenous molecules or agonists, which stimulate the heart and vascular wall cells with effects in different conditions, like the physiological status, ischemia/reperfusion, exercise, or during low-grade inflammation in diabetes and aging. Furthermore, mutations of glycosyltransferases and receptors are associated with development of cardiovascular diseases. The knowledge on glycosylation and its effects could be considered biochemical markers and might be useful as a therapeutic tool to control cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Does Serum Vitamin D Concentration Modify the Association Between Arthritis and Cardiovascular Diseases in Both Sexes?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachelle Saade ◽  
Danielle Laurin ◽  
Clermont E. Dionne
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Arthritis ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: The scientific literature shows an association between inflammatory arthritis and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) with inflammation being a shared characteristic between the two types of diseases. Among patients with arthritis, it is possible that the protective factors against inflammation, such as vitamin D, are also protective factors against the development of CVD. This effect may be different according to sex.Objective: To evaluate the impact of serum vitamin D concentration on the association between arthritis and CVD separately among men and women (effect modification of vitamin D and sex).Methods: Data came from a large representative sample of the US population: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2006, which included 3406 adults aged between 20 and 69 years. Measurements of arthritis (primary independent variable) and CVD (dependent variable) were taken during face-to-face interviews, while the measurement of serum vitamin D was carried out on blood samples. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed in which the combined modifying effect of vitamin D (<20 ng/ml/> 20 ng/ml) and sex was tested, and adjusted for several potentially confounding variables.Results: Arthritis was statistically associated with CVD in both men and women, with <20 ng/ml or >20 ng/ml serum vitamin D. In men, the adjusted ratio of the odds ratios (ROR) comparing the association at <20 ng/ml vitamin D concentration to the association at >20 ng/ml concentration was 0.8 (95% CI 0.5 to 1.5); in women, the adjusted ROR was 0.7 (95% CI 0.3 to 1.5). Conclusions: In this large cross-sectional study, arthritis and CVD were statistically associated, but this association was not modified by sex nor vitamin D concentrations. Vitamin D supplementation is not recommended as part of the management of patients of both sexes suffering from inflammatory arthritis to prevent CVD.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency Contributes to the Reduction and Impaired Function of NaïveCD45RA+Regulatory T Cell in Chronic Heart Failure

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-hui Ma ◽  
Yun-lan Zhou ◽  
Chao-yan Yue ◽  
Guang-hui Zhang ◽  
Lin Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Foxp3 Expression ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
The Impact

The effect of vitamin D pertinent to cardiovascular health on the heart itself is considered to shift toward an anti-inflammatory response in chronic heart failure (CHF); however, its underlying mechanism is not completely understood. In this study, we demonstrated that plasma 25(OH)D level, negatively associated with NT-ProBNP, correlated with the decreased Treg in CHF compared to the patients with other cardiovascular diseases and healthy and older donors. Naïve Treg cell (CD4+CD45RA+Foxp3loT) subset, rather than whole Treg cells, contributes to the reduction of Treg in CHF. 1,25(OH)2D treatment maintained partial expression of CD45RA on CD4+T cell afterαCD3/CD28 monoclonal antibodies activation and ameliorated the impaired CD4+CD45RA+T cell function from CHF patients through upregulating Foxp3 expression and IL-10 secretionin vitro. Low level of vitamin D receptor (VDR) was detected in CD4+CD45RA+T cell of CHF than control, while 1,25(OH)2D treatment increased the VDR expression to exert its immunosuppression on T cell. The results of this study might provide tangible evidence to our knowledge of the impact of vitamin D supplementation on naïve Tregs, which may offer new means of preventing and treating CHF.

scholarly journals The role of vitamin D in maintaining bone health in older people

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Hill ◽  
Terry J. Aspray
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
The Impact

This review summarises aspects of vitamin D metabolism, the consequences of vitamin D deficiency, and the impact of vitamin D supplementation on musculoskeletal health in older age. With age, changes in vitamin D exposure, cutaneous vitamin D synthesis and behavioural factors (including physical activity, diet and sun exposure) are compounded by changes in calcium and vitamin D pathophysiology with altered calcium absorption, decreased 25-OH vitamin D [25(OH)D] hydroxylation, lower renal fractional calcium reabsorption and a rise in parathyroid hormone. Hypovitaminosis D is common and associated with a risk of osteomalacia, particularly in older adults, where rates of vitamin D deficiency range from 10–66%, depending on the threshold of circulating 25(OH)D used, population studied and season. The relationship between vitamin D status and osteoporosis is less clear. While circulating 25(OH)D has a linear relationship with bone mineral density (BMD) in some epidemiological studies, this is not consistent across all racial groups. The results of randomized controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation on BMD are also inconsistent, and some studies may be less relevant to the older population, as, for example, half of participants in the most robust meta-analysis were aged under 60 years. The impact on BMD of treating vitamin D deficiency (and osteomalacia) is also rarely considered in such intervention studies. When considering osteoporosis, fracture risk is our main concern, but vitamin D therapy has no consistent fracture-prevention effect, except in studies where calcium is coprescribed (particularly in frail populations living in care homes). As a J-shaped effect on falls and fracture risk is becoming evident with vitamin D interventions, we should target those at greatest risk who may benefit from vitamin D supplementation to decrease falls and fractures, although the optimum dose is still unclear.

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