scholarly journals Immune-Related Genes of Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagrall) Against Beauveria brongniartii and Akanthomyces attenuatus Identified Using RNA Sequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueyin Chen ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Zhaoyang Li ◽  
Yang Yue ◽  
Qingheng Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Cytochrome B5 ◽  
Scavenger Receptor ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Beauveria Brongniartii ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Cuticle Protein ◽  
Immune Related Genes ◽  
Pathway Analyses

Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagrall) is an important pest of legumes worldwide, causing great economic loss every year. Beauveria brongniartii and Akanthomyces attenuatus have shown considerable pathogenicity against M. usitatus in our previous studies. The medial lethal concentration (LC50) and the sublethal lethal concentration (LC25) of B. brongniartii isolate SB010 against M. usitatus were 8.38 × 105 and 1.73 × 105 conidia mL−1, respectively, whereas those of A. attenuatus isolate SCAUDCL-53 against M. usitatus were 4.37 × 105 and 2.97 × 104 conidia mL−1, respectively. This study reports the transcriptome-based explanation of the stress responses of M. usitatus following the application of B. brongniartii and A. attenuatus. The analysis of the transcriptomic data revealed the expression of 254, 207, 195, and 234 immunity-related unigenes by M. usitatus in response to B. brongniartii LC50 (SB1), B. brongniartii LC25 (SB2), A. attenuatus LC50 (V1), and A. attenuatus LC25 (V2), respectively. The biological function and metabolic pathway analyses showed that these unigenes were mainly related to pattern recognition receptors, information transduction factors, and reaction factors, such as scavenger receptor, cytochrome b5, cuticle protein, lysozyme, and serine protease.

scholarly journals Effect of acute noise trauma on the gene expression profile of the hippocampus

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Ho Lee ◽  
Kyung Woon Kim ◽  
So Min Lee ◽  
So Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Neuronal Systems ◽  
Immune Related Genes ◽  
Pathway Analyses ◽  
Upregulated Genes ◽  
External Stimuli

Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate the changes in the expression of hippocampal genes upon acute noise exposure. Methods Three-week-old Sprague–Dawley rats were assigned to control (n = 15) and noise (n = 15) groups. White noise (2–20 kHz, 115 dB sound pressure level [SPL]) was delivered for 4 h per day for 3 days to the noise group. All rats were sacrificed on the last day of noise exposure, and gene expression in the hippocampus was analyzed using a microarray. Pathway analyses were conducted for genes that showed differential expression ≥ 1.5-fold and P ≤ 0.05 compared to the control group. The genes included in the putative pathways were measured using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results Thirty-eight upregulated genes and 81 downregulated genes were identified. The pathway analyses revealed that upregulated genes were involved in the cellular responses to external stimuli and immune system pathways. qRT-PCR confirmed the upregulation of the involved genes. The downregulated genes were involved in neuronal systems and synapse-related pathways, and qRT-PCR confirmed the downregulation of the involved genes. Conclusions Acute noise exposure upregulated the expression of immune-related genes and downregulated the expression of neurotransmission-related genes in the hippocampus.

Significance of the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübn.) in maize production

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Szőke ◽  
Z. Zsubori ◽  
I Pók ◽  
F. Rácz ◽  
O. Illés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Direct Damage ◽  
Important Pest

The European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübn.), which is to be found almost universally in Europe and America, is an extremely important pest from the economic point of view. Losses caused by the pest range from 250-1000 kg/ha depending on the degree of infestation, the year and the yield averages. This fact justifies protection measures in Hungary on the whole of the seed production and sweetcorn fields and on 40% of the commercial maize sowing area. In addition to the direct damage, indirect losses are also considerable, since the injuries caused by the pest facilitate infection by Fusarium species. For the above reasons it is worth reviewing the habits of this pest, the extent of the economic loss resulting from the damage, and ways of controlling it.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Transcriptome Responses to Cold Stress in Galeruca daurica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Rong Zhou ◽  
Yan-Min Shan ◽  
Yao Tan ◽  
Zhuo-Ran Zhang ◽  
Bao-Ping Pang
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Transcriptome Assembly ◽  
Glucose Dehydrogenase ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Cuticle Protein

Abstract Galeruca daurica (Joannis) has become a new insect pest in the Inner Mongolia grasslands since 2009, and its larvae and eggs have strong cold tolerance. To get a deeper insight into its molecular mechanisms of cold stress responses, we performed de novo transcriptome assembly for G. daurica by RNA-Seq and compared the transcriptomes of its larvae exposed to five different temperature treatments (−10, −5, 0, 5, and 25°C for 1 h and then recovered at 25°C for 1 h), respectively. Compared with the control (25°C), the numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) decreased from 1,821 to 882, with the temperature declining from 5 to −10°C. Moreover, we obtained 323 coregulated DEGs under different low temperatures. Under four low temperatures (−10, −5, 0, and 5°C), a large number of genes were commonly upregulated during recovery from cold stresses, including those related to cuticle protein, followed by cytochrome P450, clock protein, fatty acid synthase, and fatty acyl-CoA reductase; meanwhile, lots of genes encoding cuticle protein, RNA replication protein, RNA-directed DNA polymerase, and glucose dehydrogenase were commonly downregulated. Our findings provide important clues for further investigations of key genes and molecular mechanisms involved in the adaptation of G. daurica to harsh environments.

scholarly journals A Novel Cyclophilin B Gene in the Red Tide DinoflagellateCochlodinium polykrikoides: Molecular Characterizations and Transcriptional Responses to Environmental Stresses

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Abassi ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Bum Soo Park ◽  
Jong-Woo Park ◽  
Jang-Seu Ki
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Red Tide ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Splice Leader ◽  
Cyclophilin B ◽  
Cell Counts

The marine dinoflagellateCochlodinium polykrikoidesis one of the most common ichthyotoxic species that causes harmful algal blooms (HABs), which leads to ecological damage and huge economic loss in aquaculture industries. Cyclophilins (CYPs) belong to the immunophilin superfamily, and they may play a role in the survival mechanisms of the dinoflagellate in stress environments. In the present study, we identified a novel cyclophilin gene fromC. polykrikoidesand examined physiological and gene transcriptional responses to biocides copper sulphate (CuSO4) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). The full length ofCpCYPwas 903 bp, ranging from the dinoflagellate splice leader (DinoSL) sequence to the polyA tail, comprising a 639 bp ORF, a 117 bp 5′-UTR, and a 147 bp 3′-UTR. Motif and phylogenetic comparisons showed that CpCYP was affiliated to group B of CYP. In biocide stressors, cell counts, chlorophylla, and photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) ofC. polykrikoideswere considerably decreased in both exposure time- and dose-dependent manners. In addition,CpCYPgene expression was significantly induced after 24 h exposure to the biocide-treated stress conditions. These results indicate an effect of the biocides on the cell physiology and expression profile ofCpCYP, suggesting that the gene may play a role in environmental stress responses.

scholarly journals IL-13 deficiency exacerbates lung damage and impairs epithelial-derived type 2 molecules during nematode infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. e202001000
Author(s):  
Alistair L Chenery ◽  
Silvia Rosini ◽  
James E Parkinson ◽  
Jesuthas Ajendra ◽  
Jeremy A Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Surfactant Protein ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Surfactant Protein D ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Pathway Analyses

IL-13 is implicated in effective repair after acute lung injury and the pathogenesis of chronic diseases such as allergic asthma. Both these processes involve matrix remodelling, but understanding the specific contribution of IL-13 has been challenging because IL-13 shares receptors and signalling pathways with IL-4. Here, we used Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection as a model of acute lung damage comparing responses between WT and IL-13-deficient mice, in which IL-4 signalling is intact. We found that IL-13 played a critical role in limiting tissue injury and haemorrhaging in the lung, and through proteomic and transcriptomic profiling, identified IL-13-dependent changes in matrix and associated regulators. We further showed a requirement for IL-13 in the induction of epithelial-derived type 2 effector molecules such as RELM-α and surfactant protein D. Pathway analyses predicted that IL-13 induced cellular stress responses and regulated lung epithelial cell differentiation by suppression of Foxa2 pathways. Thus, in the context of acute lung damage, IL-13 has tissue-protective functions and regulates epithelial cell responses during type 2 immunity.

scholarly journals FERMENTATION OF A NEW Bacillus thuringiensis STRAIN / FERMENTACION DE LA VARIEDAD NUEVA Bacillus thuringiensis / FERMENTATION DE LA NOUVELLE RACE Bacillus thuringiensis

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (35) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Cheng Bai ◽  
Brady A. Vick
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
North America ◽  
High Activity ◽  
Operating Procedure ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Successful Trial ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Commercial Medium ◽  
Sunflower Moth ◽  
Thuringiensis Strain

SUMMARYA new Bacillus thuringiensis strain, 00-50-5, exhibited an unusually high activity against banded sunflower moth (BSM) Cochylis hospes, which is an economically important pest of cultivated sunflowers in North America. The strain was fermented with a modified commercial medium in a bioreactor. This was a successful trial for production of 00-50-5 on a larger scale. After fermentation, the yield of dried powder was 5.8 g/l broth. In the laboratory assays, the LC50 (lethal concentration required to kill 50% of targets) of the dried powder was 0.5 μg/ml 3 d after exposure against four instars of BSM. Some practically useful conditions and parameters for the fermentation operating procedure and methods for harvesting were determined.

scholarly journals Vesicular and Extravesicular Protein Signatures From the Airspaces of Ozone-Exposed Mice Reflect Muco-Inflammatory Disturbances.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishita Choudhary ◽  
Thao Vo ◽  
Kshitiz Paudel ◽  
Richa Gupta ◽  
Mehmet Kesimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Protein Signatures ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Inflammatory Proteins ◽  
Pathway Analyses

Abstract Lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF) harbors a variety of proteins that influence homeostatic and stress responses in the airspaces. Exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles, contain a large number of proteins that vary in abundance and composition based on the prevailing conditions. Ozone causes inflammatory responses in the airspaces of experimental animals and humans. However, in ozone-exposed lung airspaces, the protein signatures in exosomes contained within the ELF remain poorly characterized. To explore this, we hypothesized that ozone triggers the release of inflammatory proteins from various cells that reflect ozone-induced tissue pathology. Accordingly, we sub-chronically exposed adult male and female mice to 0.8ppm ozone or air and determined exosome-bound proteomic signatures as well as the levels of soluble inflammatory mediators in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Principal component analyses of the exosome-bound proteome revealed a clear distinction between air-exposed and ozone-exposed mice, as well as between ozone-exposed males and ozone-exposed females. In addition to 575 proteins that were enriched in both sexes upon ozone exposure, 243 and 326 proteins were enriched uniquely in ozone-exposed males and females, respectively. Ingenuity pathway analyses on enriched proteins between ozone- and air-exposed mice revealed enrichment of pro-inflammatory pathways. More specifically, macrophage-activation associated proteins were enriched in exosomes from ozone-exposed mice. Cytokine analyses on the BALF revealed elevated levels of G-CSF, MIP-1b, KC, IP-10, IL-6, and IL-5 in ozone-exposed mice. Finally, histopathological assessment revealed significantly enhanced intracellular localization of inflammatory proteins including MUC5B and FIZZ1 in ozone-exposed mice in cell-specific manner indicating the cellular sources of the proteins that are ferried in the exosomes upon ozone-induced lung injury. Collectively, this study identified exosomal, secretory, and cell-specific proteins and biological pathways following sub-chronic exposure of mice to ozone.

scholarly journals Ammonia Stress Coping Strategy in a Highly Invasive Ascidian

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqing Chen ◽  
Xuena Huang ◽  
Yiyong Chen ◽  
Aibin Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Ammonia Transport ◽  
Rh Proteins ◽  
Ammonia Stress ◽  
Immune Related Genes

The outbreak of invasive ascidian Molgula manhattensis has negatively affected marine and coastal ecosystems and caused huge economic loss in various industries such as aquaculture. In mariculture systems usually characterized by high ammonia nitrogen, the capacity of M. manhattensis to defend against drastic ammonia elevation plays a crucial role in its survival and subsequent invasions. However, ammonia coping strategies and associated genes/proteins remain largely unknown. Here we investigated rhesus glycoproteins (Rh)-mediated ammonia transport by identifying all Rh proteins and exploring their mRNA expression regulations under ammonia stress. Three types of primitive Rh proteins were identified, and all contained conserved amino acid residues and functional domains. Ammonia stress largely suppressed the expression of immune-related genes, but rapidly induced the increased expression of Rh genes. Ammonia was converted into glutamine as indicated by the increased expression of glutamine synthetase gene, rather than urea as illustrated by the stable expression of arginase gene. Collectively, M. manhattensis mitigates ammonia challenge by enhancing ammonia excretion through Rh channels and detoxifying ammonia into glutamine. Our results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying high tolerance and invasion success to high ammonia environments by invasive ascidians.

scholarly journals The potential of Beauveria brongniartii and botanical insecticides based on Neem to control Otiorhynchus sulcatus larvae in containerised plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Beauveria Brongniartii ◽  
Otiorhynchus Sulcatus ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
The Mean

<I>Otiorhynchus sulcatus</I> is considered as an important pest of strawberry fields and on potted ornamental plants. The efficacy to control this pest by new Polish products containing azadirachtin and the entomopathogenic fungus <I>Beauveria brongniartii</I> were tested. The aim of the laboratory investigation was to assess the influence of different forms of azadirachtin (A and B) and the entomopathogen on mortality and physiological development of the insect. Mortality after treatment ranged between 86–93%. There were significant differences in the mean number of surviving stages of the insect between <I>Beauveria</I> and neem treatments, but the final total mortality was not statistically different. Sensitivity of all developmental stages to the fungus was observed. In the neem treatments the physiological development of larvae was completely stopped. The level of control achieved by <I>Beauveria</I> and neem for use in outdoor containers is acceptable for practical application.

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