scholarly journals The potential of Beauveria brongniartii and botanical insecticides based on Neem to control Otiorhynchus sulcatus larvae in containerised plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Beauveria Brongniartii ◽  
Otiorhynchus Sulcatus ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
The Mean

<I>Otiorhynchus sulcatus</I> is considered as an important pest of strawberry fields and on potted ornamental plants. The efficacy to control this pest by new Polish products containing azadirachtin and the entomopathogenic fungus <I>Beauveria brongniartii</I> were tested. The aim of the laboratory investigation was to assess the influence of different forms of azadirachtin (A and B) and the entomopathogen on mortality and physiological development of the insect. Mortality after treatment ranged between 86–93%. There were significant differences in the mean number of surviving stages of the insect between <I>Beauveria</I> and neem treatments, but the final total mortality was not statistically different. Sensitivity of all developmental stages to the fungus was observed. In the neem treatments the physiological development of larvae was completely stopped. The level of control achieved by <I>Beauveria</I> and neem for use in outdoor containers is acceptable for practical application.

Germination and initial growth of triticale seeds under stationary magnetic fields

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Florez ◽  
Elvira Martinez ◽  
Victoria Carbonell
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Nutrition Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

The main objective of this study is to determine the effects of 125 mT and 250mT magnetic treatment on the germination and initial growth of triticale seeds. This objective has a practical application in agriculture science: early growth of triticale. An increase in the percentage and rate of germination of seeds and a stimulation of growth of seedlings as positive response to magnetic field treatment in rice, wheat, maize and barley seeds have been found in previous studies. Germination tests were carried out under laboratory conditions by exposing triticale seeds to magnetic field for different times. The effect was studied by exposure of seeds prior sowing. The mean germination time were reduced for all the magnetic treatments applied. Most significant differences were obtained for time of exposure of 1 and 24 hours and maximum reductions was 12%. Furthermore, seedlings from magnetically treated seeds grew taller than control. The longest mean total length was obtained from seedlings exposed to 125 and 250 mT for 24 hours. External magnetic fields are assumed to enhance seed vigor by influencing the biochemical processes by stimulating activity of proteins and enzymes. Numerous studies suggested that magnetic field increases ions uptake and consequently improves nutrition value.

Consideration of Environmentally Assisted Fatigue in Austenitic Stainless Steel: Calculation and Practical Application

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven H. Reese ◽  
Johannes Seichter ◽  
Dietmar Klucke
Keyword(s):  
Primary Circuit ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Circuit Component ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fatigue Evaluation ◽  
Assessment Procedures

The influence of LWR coolant environment to the lifetime of materials has been discussed recent years. Nowadays the consideration of environmentally assisted fatigue is under consideration in Codes and Standards like ASME and the German KTA Rules (e.g. Standard No. 3201.2 and Standard No. 3201.4) by means of so called attention thresholds. Basic calculation procedures in terms of quantifying the influence of LWR coolant environment by the Fen correction factor were proposed by Higuchi and others and are given in NUREG/CR-6909. This paper deals with the application of the proposed assessment procedures of ANL and the application to plant conditions. Therefore conservative assessment procedures are introduced without assuming the knowledge of detailed stress and strain calculations or temperature transients. Additionally, detailed assessment procedures based on Finite-Element calculations, respecting in-service temperature measurements including thermal reference transients and complex operational loading conditions are carried out. Fatigue evaluation of a PWR primary circuit component is used in order to evaluate the influence of plant like conditions numerically. Conclusions regarding the practical application are drawn by means of comparing the ANL approach considering laboratory conditions, conservative assessment procedures for the determination of cumulative fatigue usage factors of plant components and detailed assessment procedures. Plant like loading conditions, complex component geometries, loading scenarios and reference temperature transients shall be taken into account. Practical issues like the determination of the mean temperature or the strain rate have to be considered adequately.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Gyropsylla spegazziniana (Lizer & Trelles) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) to Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill.

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Francisco Angeli Alves ◽  
Marina Andressa Formentini ◽  
André Luis Pereira Fanti ◽  
Maria Elena Schapovaloff ◽  
Ionete Lúcia Milani Barzotto
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Pest Insects ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Zoophthora Radicans ◽  
High Level

Gyropsylla spegazziniana is one of the most prominent pest insects of yerba mate culture in all production regions in Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay. Natural enemies have been recorded on G. spegazziniana nymphs and adults, including the Zoophthora radicans entomopathogenic fungus. Since there are no reports of Beauveria bassiana, the aim of this study was to register its pathogenicity with respect to this insect in a laboratory setting. Yerba mate branches were kept in glass flasks with water and we infested each leaf with 20 newly-emerged nymphs. We prepared three replicates per treatment. We sprayed conidia suspensions (1 × 109 conidia/mL) onto the branches, which we transferred to cages and kept in an acclimatized room (26 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10% of relative humidity (R.H.) with a photophase of 14 hours). We evaluated insect mortality daily, and after five days we observed a high level of pathogenicity due to the presence of the fungus, that could be visually observed on the cadaver. The total mortality varied from 25 to 70% (respectively for Unioeste 4 and CG 716) and the confirmed mortality was 30% for Unioeste 52, revealing the fungus' potential. However, more studies are necessary in order to evaluate the strains of this fungus, as well as other species.

Biosurfactant production and its effects on solubilization activity of phenanthrene: a longitudinal study

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-585
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Golshan ◽  
Maryam Dastoorpour ◽  
Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Biosurfactant Production ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Bacterial Inoculum ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Course Study

Pseudomonas facilis and Pseudomonasspp., isolated on the basis of its ability to grow on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, was assayed for biosurfactant production (BP) potentials by measuring the surface tension (ST) of the culture supernatant at different time intervals. The strains in three levels of initial inoculum size (OD600 nm = 0.5, 1, 1.5) were added to medium to determine if bacterial inoculum size affects solubilization of phenanthrene (PHE).The result showed that although the two strains reduced the mean ST to less than 34.12 mN m−1 at the end of day 6, mean solubilization activity of PHE reached 77.05 mg L−1 on the sixth day. There was a significant increase in BP over time (P = 0.008); reaching its peak, 157.84 mg L−1, at the end of the sixth day. Mean solubilization activity of PHE was not significantly different for the two strains (P = 0.216). The time-course study revealed that the ST reduction and BP potential was enhanced as inoculation size increased, leading to higher PHE solubility during the incubation time. However, the trend of increase in PHE solubility was not totally in the same way to cell growth and BP. It may be suggested that more bacterial density needs to be inoculated for practical application of effective bioremediation.

scholarly journals SPECTRUM OF MUSCULOSKELETAL DISCOMFORTSIN PREGNANT WOMEN AND IMPACT OF ANTENATALEXERCISES OR POSTURAL CARE ON STATUS OF RELIEF: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1153-1157
Author(s):  
Neha Shukla ◽  
◽  
Puja Shukla ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Pelvic Girdle Pain ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problems ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Induced Changes

Pregnancy is a normal physical state of womens life when they carried a 9 month developmental stages of the foetus. On these durations some pregnancy induced changes leads normal signs naturally but there is an increased risk of musculoskeletal pain or discomforts associated with increase of uterine size and mental stress of pregnant women, needed non-medicines approached like antenatal physiotherapy care. These possible pain or discomforts can make difficult to carry the pregnancy may leadsome complications. Various research studies are point out these problems of pregnant women and find out the triggers. Some studies show the spectrums of these musculoskeletal problems during pregnancy period. Various case studies are assuredtheparticular physiotherapy techniques as antenatal exercises have good impact on relief of respective musculoskeletal pain.Various researches are also covered some another aspects of musculoskeletal problems during pregnancies. In thepresent study an attempt has been made to comprehensive analysis of these review studies to identify the most common musculoskeletal problems in different stages of pregnancy and efficacy of physiotherapy techniques and antenatal exercises to overcome the problem. It was found in the spectrum analysis that most of the women (68.33 %) faced this problem during their pregnancy. On the analysis of most commonmusculoskeletal problem, the mean percent of reviews reveals showed that the most of the women found to be in muscle cramps and pain in neck and shoulder during I trimester whereas maximum women had low back pain (42.87 %) and pelvic girdle pain (11.65 %) on II and III trimester respectively. The satisfactory impacts of antenatal exercises were observed in different musculoskeletal pain by different techniques of Physiotherapy.These results can utilize to make suggestions and recommendations foradoption of suitable physiotherapy techniques in pregnancy to avoid the problem.

scholarly journals Impact of Environment on Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Response to Acetone Extract of Gnidia kaussiana Meisn (Thymeleaceae) and Ocimum canum Sims (Lamiaceae) Botanical Insecticides

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-139
Author(s):  
D. Kosini ◽  
E. N. Nukenine ◽  
K. H. Tofel ◽  
J. W. Goudoungou ◽  
D. J. Langsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Neem Seed Oil ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

The response of pests to the effects of a botanical insecticide can vary spatially and temporally. To test whether efficacy of botanicals differed spatially, the insecticidal efficacy of Gnidia kaussiana and Ocimum canum against Callosobruchus maculatus was investigated in two different agro-ecological zones of Cameroon, i.e. Maroua and Ngaoundéré (sudano-sahelian and sudano-guinean zones, respectively). Experiments were, therefore, conducted to determine the insect mortality, progeny production, grain damage and weight loss in cowpea. G. kaussiana was more effective against C. maculatus in Maroua (LD50 = 0.12 g/kg at 6th day of exposure) than in Ngaoundéré (LD50 = 4.35 g/kg at 6th day of exposure). Moreover, it was more toxic than O. canum extract and neem seed oil (reference), irrespective to the agro-ecological zones. Overall, the performance of O. canum did not vary significantly between the two zones, and was slightly more active (LD50 = 4.66 g/kg) than the reference insecticide neem seed oil (LD50 = 4.89 g/kg) in Ngaoundéré in contrast to the results recoded in Maroua (LD50 = 1.44 g/kg and 2.60 g/kg, respectively for neem seed oil and O. canum at 6 days post exposure). In view of the above, there were some discrepancies in extract performance between Maroua and Ngaoundéré. Thus, the establishment of dose rates of insecticidal products formulated from G. kaussiana must be specific to an environment in contrast to those from O. canum.

scholarly journals Effects of Tea (Camellia sinensis) Phytochemicals on the Yoghurt Cultures (Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus) During Development and Storage of Tea Fortified Yoghurts

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Simon Oduor Ochanda ◽  
John Kanyiri Wanyoko ◽  
Abdul Kiptoo Faraj ◽  
Christine Akoth Onyango ◽  
Henrik Kipngeno Ruto
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Lactobacillus Bulgaricus ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Sensory Tests

<p>Tea phytochemicals have been reported to exhibit potent antimicrobial activity. This current study reports the ability of <em>Streptococcus thermophilus</em> and <em>Lactobacillus</em> <em>bulgaricus</em> to grow, survive and multiply in the presence of tea phytochemicals during development and storage of tea fortified yoghurts. Two Kenyan tea varieties clone TRFK 6/8 (standard black quality tea) and clone TRFK 306/1 (newly developed purple leafed tea clone), were processed as aerated and non-aerated teas and used to develop tea fortified yoghurt. The teas were added at concentrations of 0, 1, 2 and 4 g in 250 mL volumes of milk (w/v) which was predetermined by sensory tests. The results showed that tea phytochemicals at the added ranges had no adverse effect on the growth of <em>Lactobacillus bulgaricus</em> and <em>Streptococcus thermophilus</em>; however, yoghurt setting time was prolonged at a mean time of 4.11, 5.22, 7.29 and 8.26 hrs respectively for tea concentrations of 0, 1, 2 and 4 g/250 mL milk. The mean microbial load for <em>Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus</em> in black, green and purple tea yoghurts were also inversely proportional to the concentration of the added teas. In the developmental stages of tea fortified yoghurts <em>Lactobacillus bulgaricus</em> range was 0.52-1.58 × 10<sup>7 </sup>CFU/mL while <em>Streptococcus thermophilus</em> range was 2.53-3.51 × 10<sup>9 </sup>CFU/mL, during storage the growth patterns were different between the cultures. The recorded mean values range for <em>Lactobacillus bulgaricus</em> was 2.79-4.35 × 10<sup>7 </sup>CFU/mL while <em>Streptococcus thermophilus</em> mean range was 2.57-3.47 × 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/mL Phytochemicals traced in the product had concentration values below 5 × 10<sup>2</sup><sup> </sup>µgmL<sup>-1</sup>. In conclusion, it was possible to develop probiotic tea fortified yoghurt containing tea phytochemicals with unlimited health benefits using different the different tea clones.</p>

scholarly journals How Is Fitness of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Affected When Different Developmental Stages Are Exposed to Chlorfenapyr?

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Anna Skourti ◽  
Nickolas G. Kavallieratos ◽  
Nikos E. Papanikolaou
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Survival Curve ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is an important pest of stored products. Insecticidal treatment is a common practice for the control of this notorious insect pest. Most studies are focused on the immediate and/or delayed mortality effects, while there are no data on the effects of insecticides on the population fitness. This study deals with the effect of chlorfenapyr on T. castaneum, investigating the cost of exposure of different developmental stages on population performance, by using life table statistics and a survival analysis method. For this purpose, eggs, larvae, and parental adult females of T. castaneum were exposed to chlorfenapyr and birth or death rates were calculated daily. The exposure of eggs and larvae to chlorfenapyr was detrimental for T. castaneum and they did not complete development. When parental females were exposed to chlorfenapyr, the progeny survival curve, biological features, as well as the life table parameters did not differ significantly compared to the control treatment. Thus, egg hatching, larval and pupal developmental periods, female and male longevities for the control treatment, and the progeny of the females that were exposed to chlorfenapyr were 4.66 and 4.76 days, 25.85 and 25.71 days, 5.00 and 5.26 days, 87.33 and 104.22 days, and 76.87 and 91.87 days, respectively. In addition, the mean values of the net reproductive rate, the intrinsic rate of increase, the mean generation time and the doubling time for the control treatment and the progeny of the parental females which were exposed to chlorfenapyr were 14.3 and 9.3 females/female, 0.038 and 0.028 females/female/day, 1.039 and 1.029, 70.0 and 76.9 days, and 18.5 and 24.9 days, respectively. We expect these results to have bearing on the management of T. castaneum, since the repeatedly insecticidal applications could be reduced in storage facilities.

scholarly journals Stock dynamics of the brushtooth lizardfish Saurida undosquamis (Richardson, 1848) from a tropical multispecies fishery in the southeastern Arabian Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Theparambil Mohamed Najmudeen ◽  
Pallangattu Kochukandan Seetha ◽  
Payiyappanal Ulahannan Zacharia
Keyword(s):  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Southeastern Arabian Sea ◽  
Eastern Arabian Sea ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Maturity

The brushtooth lizardfish Saurida undosquamis (Richardson, 1848) is a high trophic level benthic predator and is one among the most exploited demersal finfish species from eastern Arabian Sea by Indian trawlers. However, in recent years, the landings of many top predator fishes including S. undosquamis showed a declining trend resulting in a steady decline in the mean trophic levels of the fishes caught commercially in the region. We investigated the growth, mortality and stock dynamics of S. undosquamis harvested by mechanised trawls in the southeastern Arabian Sea, using length-based methods for the data collected during 2012–2016. Besides, Bayesian state-space implementation of the Schaefer model (BSM) and catch-based MSY (CMSY) estimation were also made using the data for the period 1985–2016. Total length of the fish ranged from 5.5 to 34.5 cm with average annual mean length of 22.0 cm during 2012–2016. The growth parameters L∞ and K were 37.3 cm and 0.41 year−1, respectively. The natural, fishing and total mortality coefficients were 0.92, 2.58 and 3.5, respectively and exploitation ratio was 0.82. The length at first maturity was estimated at 21.4 cm for females. The mean size in the catch is lower than the optimum length for exploitation. Fisheries reference points (MSY, Fmsy, Bmsy) as well as relative stock size (B/Bmsy) and exploitation (F/Fmsy) estimated from catch data and broad priors for resilience (r), implies an exploitation of 30% below Bmsy level. Results from the length-based Thompson and Bell prediction model indicates that reducing the present level of fishing effort by 40% would lead to a harvest of the species at a sustainable level. As “fishing down food web” is reported in recent years from eastern Arabian Sea, the exploitation of top predators need to be maintained at sustainable levels to prevent ecosystem changes along the region.

Characterization and Expression of Genes Encoding Superoxide Dismutase in the Oriental Armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 2381-2388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Bo Li ◽  
Chang-Geng Dai ◽  
Yong-Fu He ◽  
Yang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Mythimna Separata ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Oriental Armyworm

Abstract Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant metalloenzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anion O2− to O2 and H2O2. Many studies have focused on the role of SOD in response to abiotic stress, but its role during biotic stress, such as changes in organismal population density, has rarely been investigated. The oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata, is an economically important pest that exhibits phenotypic changes in response to population density. Solitary and gregarious phases occur at low and high population density, respectively. To examine the role of SODs in response to population density stress, we cloned two genes encoding SOD, MsCuZnSOD and MsMnSOD, and compared their expression in solitary and gregarious phases of M. separata. The MsCuZnSOD and MsMnSOD ORFs were 480 and 651 bp and encoded predicted protein products of 159 and 216 amino acids, respectively. The two SODs contained motifs that are typical of orthologous proteins. Real-time PCR indicated that the two SOD genes were expressed throughout developmental stages and were significantly upregulated in more mature stages of gregarious M. separata. Expression of the two SOD genes in various tissues of sixth-instar larvae was higher in gregarious versus solitary insects. Furthermore, expression of the SOD genes was significantly upregulated in response to crowding in solitary individuals, but suppressed in gregarious insects subjected to isolation. Collectively, these results suggest that population density may be key factor in the induction of SOD genes in M. separata.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document