scholarly journals Isokinetic Muscle Strength and Postural Sway of Recreationally Active Older Adults vs. Master Road Runners

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique V. Taveira ◽  
Claudio A. B. de Lira ◽  
Marilia S. Andrade ◽  
Ricardo B. Viana ◽  
Hirofumi Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Trunk Muscle Strength

Trunk muscle strength and control is an important prerequisite for everyday activities among elderly people decreasing the predisposition to falls. High levels of physical exercise performed by older athletes could offer benefits to core/trunk muscle strength and postural control compared with recreational physical activities and among elderly people with lower levels of physical activity. The present study aimed to compare trunk muscle strength and postural control of older running athletes vs. older physically active adults. Participants were master road runners (RUN, n = 15, six women, 64.3 ± 3.6 years) and physically active elderly (control group, CON, n = 15, six women, 65.4 ± 5.0 years) people that were submitted to the evaluations: esthesiometer, posturography (force plate), and isokinetic test (Biodex dynamometer) of trunk muscle extension and flexion. RUN presented higher values for relative peak torque of trunk extensor muscles at 60°/s (p = 0.046) and 180°/s (p = 0.007) and relative average power during trunk extension at 60°/s (p = 0.008) and 180°/s (p = 0.004) compared to CON. CON had a higher medial-lateral oscillation speed of the center of pressure in the stable condition with eyes closed (p = 0.004) compared to RUN. RUN presented higher isokinetic torque of extensor trunk muscles and better postural control than CON. This supposedly could help with postural control and balance and contribute to the prevention of falls among the elderly. The practice of running systematically by master athletes may partially explained our findings.

scholarly journals The Effects of Abdominal Hypopressive Training on Postural Control and Deep Trunk Muscle Activation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2741
Author(s):  
María del Mar Moreno-Muñoz ◽  
Fidel Hita-Contreras ◽  
María Dolores Estudillo-Martínez ◽  
Agustín Aibar-Almazán ◽  
Yolanda Castellote-Caballero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Posture Control ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Imaging Results

Background: Abdominal Hypopressive Training (AHT) provides postural improvement, and enhances deep trunk muscle activation. However, until recently, there was a lack of scientific literature supporting these statements. The major purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of AHT on posture control and deep trunk muscle function. Methods: 125 female participants aged 18–60 were randomly allocated to the Experimental Group (EG), consisting of two sessions of 30 min per week for 8 weeks of AHT, or the Control Group (CG), who did not receive any treatment. Postural control was measured with a stabilometric platform to assess the static balance and the activation of deep trunk muscles (specifically the Transverse Abdominal muscle (TrA)), which was measured by real-time ultrasound imaging. Results: The groups were homogeneous at baseline. Statistical differences were identified between both groups after intervention in the Surface of the Center of Pressure (CoP) Open-Eyes (S-OE) (p = 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.60) and the Velocity of CoP under both conditions; Open-Eyes (V-OE) (p = 0.001, Cohen´s d = 0.63) and Close-Eyes (V-CE) (p = 0.016, Cohen´s d = 0.016), with the EG achieving substantial improvements. Likewise, there were statistically significant differences between measurements over time for the EG on S-OE (p < 0.001, Cohen´s d = 0.99); V-OE (p = 0.038, Cohen´s d = 0.27); V-CE (p = 0.006, Cohen´s d = 0.39), anteroposterior movements of CoP with Open-Eyes (RMSY-OE) (p = 0.038, Cohen´s d = 0.60) and activity of TrA under contraction conditions (p < 0.001, Cohen´s d = 0.53). Conclusions: The application of eight weeks of AHT leads to positive outcomes in posture control, as well as an improvement in the deep trunk muscle contraction in the female population.

Relationship between trunk muscle strength and trunk muscle mass and thickness using bioelectrical impedance analysis and ultrasound imaging

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ryo Miyachi ◽  
Nana Koike ◽  
Suzu Kodama ◽  
Junya Miyazaki
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Trunk Muscle Strength

BACKGROUND: Although trunk muscles are involved in many important functions, evaluating trunk muscle strength is not an easy task. If trunk muscle mass and thickness could be used as indicators of trunk muscle strength, the burden of measurement would be reduced, but the relationship between trunk muscle strength and trunk muscle mass and thickness has not been clarified. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between trunk muscle strength and trunk muscle mass by bioelectrical impedance analysis and trunk muscle thickness by ultrasound imaging in healthy adults. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-one healthy university students were included in this study. Trunk flexion/extension muscle strength and trunk muscle mass by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and trunk muscle thickness by ultrasound imaging were measured. RESULTS: Both trunk flexion strength and trunk extension strength were significantly correlated with trunk muscle mass and oblique and rectus abdominis muscle thickness. Multiple regression analysis showed that trunk extension muscle strength had an independent relationship with trunk muscle mass. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that trunk muscle mass or trunk muscle thickness can be used as an alternative means for evaluating trunk muscle strength, making the evaluation of trunk muscles less burdensome.

scholarly journals Neck and Trunk Muscle Strength in Children With Spinal Muscular Atrophy Is Lower Than in Healthy Controls and Depends on Disease Type

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Stępień ◽  
Tomasz Osiak ◽  
Witold Rekowski ◽  
Andrzej Wit
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Isometric Contraction ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Disease Type ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Trunk Muscle Strength

Background: Neck and trunk muscle strength and relationship with motor function in individuals with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is not investigated well. Information on maximum muscle strength that children with SMA may develop considerably expands the possibilities of assessing the effectiveness of pharmacological treatment methods and therapeutic procedures. This study sought to assess neck and trunk muscle strength in patients with SMA and to compare it with values noted in healthy children.Methods: The study involved 56 individuals with SMA aged 5–16 not treated pharmacologically, including 9 patients with SMA type 1 (SMA1), 27 with SMA type 2 (SMA2), and 20 with SMA type 3 (SMA3). The control group included 111 healthy individuals aged 5–16. Neck and trunk muscle strength was assessed by means of a maximum voluntary isometric contraction method with the use of a handheld digital muscle tester MICROFET2. Moreover, relative strength was also calculated by standardising the maximum voluntary isometric contraction according to body mass. The Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Spearman's rank correlation were used for statistical analysis.Results: The reliability of the neck and trunk muscle strength measurements with the handheld digital muscle tester was excellent with ICC &gt; 0.9. The values of muscle strength in SMA groups were significantly lower than in the control group. The values of relative torque of the neck muscles expressed in percentage values calculated with regard to the control group were at the level of 47.6–51.6% in SMA1 group, 54.8–58.1% in SMA2 group and 80.6–90.3% in SMA3 group. The percentage values for upper and lower trunk muscle strength were at the level of 42.6–68.4% in SMA1 group, 56.9–75.4% in SMA2 group and 76.7–94.8% in SMA3 group.Conclusion: Handheld dynamometry provides reliable measures of neck and trunk muscle strength in SMA children. Neck and trunk muscle strength in children with SMA is lower than in healthy controls and depends on disease type, which confirms the theory based on clinical observations. Further, study is needed to investigate the effect of pharmacological treatment on the strength of the neck/trunk muscles, and relationship between neck and trunk muscle strength and motor capabilities.

Prospective study of spinal orthoses in women

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 487-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannis Dionyssiotis ◽  
Georgios Trovas ◽  
Sofia Thoma ◽  
George Lyritis ◽  
Nikolaos Papaioannou
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Muscle Strengthening ◽  
Trunk Muscle Strength ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Spinal Orthoses

Background: There are not many clinical trials investigating the efficiency and compliance of using spinal orthoses in the management of osteoporosis. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term use and the compliance of spinal orthoses in postmenopausal women with vertebral fractures. Study design: Clinical trial of spinal orthoses in postmenopausal women. Methods: Women were separated into groups wearing different types of orthoses (Spinomed, Osteomed, Spinomed active, and Spine-X). Isometric maximum strength of trunk muscles (F/Wabdominals–extensors) was calculated and back pain was assessed in all women. In addition, women completed a compliance questionnaire about the use of the orthoses. Results: Spinomed decreased pain ( p = 0.001) and increased trunk muscle strength (F/Wabdominals, p = 0.005 and F/Wextensors, p = 0.003, respectively). The compliance of wearing an orthosis for 6 months was 66%. Conclusion: The results suggest that orthoses could be an effective intervention for back pain and muscle strengthening in osteoporotic women. Clinical relevance In women with established osteoporosis, wearing Spinomed orthosis for at least 2 h/day for 6 months decreased back pain significantly and increased personal isometric trunk muscle strength. All spinal orthoses could be valuable instruments to help all requested rehabilitation programs like spine muscles’ strengthening and postural correct behavior, but only when used properly.

scholarly journals Efficacy of abdominal trunk muscles-strengthening exercise using an innovative device in treating chronic low back pain: a controlled clinical trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Kitagawa ◽  
Satoshi Kato ◽  
Satoru Demura ◽  
Yuki Kurokawa ◽  
Kazuya Shinmura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Muscle Strengthening ◽  
Strengthening Exercise

AbstractExercise is the most common conservative intervention for chronic low back pain (CLBP). We have developed an innovative exercise device for the abdominal trunk muscles that also measures muscle strength in a sitting position. The device, which is easy for patients with CLBP to use, allows for lumbar stabilization exercise under pressure. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of abdominal trunk muscle strengthening using the device in improving CLBP. We conducted a two-group non-randomized controlled clinical trial. CLBP patients were allocated into two groups. The strengthening group underwent a 12-week exercise program that included abdominal trunk muscle strengthening using our device and stretching exercises, while the control group received a 12-week stretching exercise program. The outcome measures included the improvement of the abdominal trunk muscle strength measured by the device, pain intensity of CLBP, physical function, and quality of life (QOL). A total of 40 participants (20 in each group) were analyzed. The strengthening group showed better improvement in the abdominal trunk muscle strength, CLBP, physical function, and QOL than in the control group. In conclusion, the strengthening exercise using the device with easy stretching was effective in improving the strength of the abdominal trunk muscles, pain intensity of CLBP, physical function, and QOL.

scholarly journals Measures of trunk muscle strength and their measurement properties: a protocol for a systematic review and narrative synthesis of clinical measures

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e041499
Author(s):  
Shouq Althobaiti ◽  
Alison Rushton ◽  
Deborah Falla ◽  
Nicola R Heneghan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Trunk Muscle Strength

IntroductionSpinal musculoskeletal conditions, including low back and neck pain, are leading causes of disability globally. The trunk muscles, which comprise muscles in the thoracic and lumbar regions, are essential for functional activities, necessitating mobility, motor control and strength. To investigate the effectiveness of interventions directed at improving trunk muscle strength, it is essential to have valid, reliable and responsive performance-based outcome measures (PBOM). While isokinetic dynamometry is considered the gold-standard PBOM, the associated costs, size/weight and operational complexity of this equipment preclude its use in a clinical setting. There is, therefore, a need to evaluate the measurement properties of alternative accessible measures of trunk strength. This systematic review therefore aims to investigate the measurement properties of PBOM of trunk muscle strength measures appropriate for use in a clinical setting.Methods and analysisThis protocol has been designed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols. CINAHL, Web of Science, Pedro, MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTDiscuss will be searched systematically from the database start date up to 16 April 2020, along with reference checking and the grey literature searching. Eligibility criteria include studies investigating measurement properties of PROM for trunk muscle strength for use in a clinical setting in adults with and without spinal musculoskeletal complaints. Two independent reviewers will determine the eligibility of the studies through screening process of titles, abstract and the full text. Both reviewers will assess the risk of bias using COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement Instruments risk-of-bias tool and then extract the data from included studies. The overall quality of the included studies will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. A narrative synthesis will be carried out if meta-analysis is not applicable. Findings from this systematic review will aid clinicians and practitioners working in the field for example, sport, in using the most appropriate PBOM to measure trunk muscle strength.Ethics and disseminationNo research ethics application is needed as there are no patient data in this study. The results of this study will be submitted to a peer reviewed journal and presented at conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020167464.

scholarly journals Motor Function of Children with SMA1 and SMA2 Depends on the Neck and Trunk Muscle Strength, Deformation of the Spine, and the Range of Motion in the Limb Joints

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9134
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Stępień ◽  
Ewa Gajewska ◽  
Witold Rekowski
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Trunk Muscle Strength ◽  
Significant Relationships

The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional relationships between selected ranges of motion of the neck, upper and lower limbs, the strength of the neck and trunk muscles, postural parameters, and the motor function of children with SMA1 and SMA2—27 children, aged 6 months-15 years, with genetically confirmed spinal muscular atrophy type 1 (19 children) and 2 (8 children) undergoing pharmacological treatment. All children were examined, according to the methodology, including the motor function evaluation, measurement of selected ranges of motion, assessment of postural parameters, and measurement of neck and trunk muscle strength. The functional status of 15 children was assessed with the CHOP INTEND (CHOP group) scale and of 12 children with the HFMSE (HFMSE group). The results obtained showed that, in children examined with the CHOP scale, greater limitation of flexion in the shoulder joints was observed. As the deformation of the chest increased, the functional abilities of children deteriorated. In participants examined with the CHOP group, the ranges of neck rotation decreased with the increase of the chest deformity. In the HFMSE group, the ranges of head rotation showed a strong relationship with some parameters of muscle strength and the sum of the R coefficients. Participants showed many significant relationships between the range of motion in the neck and joints of the limbs, with more significant relationships in the CHOP group. The following conclusions were made: motor skills of children with SMA depend on muscle strength, range of motion, and deformities of the spine and chest; the development of scoliosis adversely affects the motor function, ranges of motion, and muscle strength; and movement ranges are related to motor skills and strength values.

A Randomized Controlled Trial on Posture Improvement and Trunk Muscle Strength by Round Shoulder Posture Improvement Exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Eunsang Lee ◽  
Won-je Choi ◽  
Dae-in Jung ◽  
Seungwon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Back Muscle Strength ◽  
Stabilization Exercise ◽  
Trunk Muscle Strength ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Exercise Period

The aim of this article was to examine investigates the effects of posture-improving exercises on round shoulder posture (RSP) and back muscle strength. 35 college students participated in this study and were measured for both shoulder height and muscle strength. After pretest, participants were divided into shoulder stabilization exercise group (SSEG, n1=12), antagonist strength exercise group (ASEG, n2=12), and control group (CG, n3=11). SSEG and ASEG exercised with a trainer 3 times a week for 30 minutes during 4 weeks. After completion of intervention, there was a significant difference in both shoulders and trunk muscle strength is significant difference for SSEG, ASEG and CG. This study has found that strengthening exercise is more effective in RSP reduction. However, it is the opinion of the researchers that the 4 week exercise period was not long enough to achieve significant results for other measurements. Further comparative studies related to the effects of strength exercises on RSP reduction, lung capacity, and trunk muscle strength is necessary.

scholarly journals Postural adjustments impairments in elderly people with chronic low back pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Rosa Garcez ◽  
Gizele Cristina da Silva Almeida ◽  
Carlos Felipe Oliveira Silva ◽  
Tainá de Souza Nascimento ◽  
Anselmo de Athayde Costa e Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Chronic Low Back Pain ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Maximum Displacement ◽  
Postural Adjustments

AbstractChronic low back pain (CLBP) is associated with postural control impairments and is highly prevalent in elderly people. The objective of this study is to verify whether anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) and compensatory postural adjustments (CPAs) are affected by CLBP in elderly people by assessing their postural control during a self-initiated perturbation paradigm induced by rapid upper arm movement when pointing to a target. The participants’ lower limb muscle onset and center of pressure (COP) displacements were assessed prior to perturbation and throughout the entire movement. T0 moment (i.e., the beginning of the movement) was defined as the anterior deltoid (DEL) onset, and all parameters were calculated with respect to it. The rectus femoris (RT), semitendinosus (ST), and soleous (SOL) showed delayed onset in the CLBP group compared with the control group: RF (control: − 0.094 ± 0.017 s; CLBP: − 0.026 ± 0.012 s, t = 12, p < 0.0001); ST (control: − 0.093 ± 0.013 s; CLBP: − 0.018 ± 0.019 s, t = 12, p < 0.0001); and SOL (control: − 0.086 ± 0.018 s; CLBP: − 0.029 ± 0.015 s, t = 8.98, p < 0.0001). In addition, COP displacement was delayed in the CLBP group (control: − 0.035 ± 0.021 s; CLBP: − 0.015 ± 0.009 s, t = 3; p = 0.003) and presented a smaller amplitude during APA COPAPA [control: 0.444 cm (0.187; 0.648); CLBP: 0.228 cm (0.096; 0.310), U = 53, p = 0.012]. The CLBP group required a longer time to reach the maximum displacement after the perturbation (control: 0.211 ± 0.047 s; CLBP 0.296 ± 0.078 s, t = 3.582, p = 0.0013). This indicates that CLBP elderly patients have impairments to recover their postural control and less efficient anticipatory adjustments during the compensatory phase. Our results suggest that people with CLBP have altered feedforward hip and ankle muscle control, as shown from the SOL, ST, and RT muscle onset. This study is the first study in the field of aging that investigates the postural adjustments of an elderly population with CLBP. Clinical assessment of this population should consider postural stability as part of a rehabilitation program.

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