Linggui Zhugan Formula Improves Glucose and Lipid Levels and Alters Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-Induced Diabetic Mice

Intake of Flavonoids from Astragalus Membranaceus Ameliorated Brain Impairment in Diabetic Mice Via Modulating Brain-Gut Axis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1127751/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Li Xuling ◽

Junling Gu ◽

Zhe Wang ◽

Jing Lin ◽

Tingting Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Brain Damage ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Synaptic Function ◽

Astragalus Membranaceus ◽

Immunological Methods ◽

Diabetic Mice ◽

High Fat

Abstract Background: Brain impairment is one of a major complication of diabetes. Dietary flavonoids have been recommended to prevent brain damage. Astragalus membranaceus is a herbal medicine commonly used to relieve the complications of diabetes. Flavonoids is one of the major ingredients of Astragalus membranaceus, but its function and mechanism on diabetic encepholopathy is still unknown.Methods: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) model was induced by high fat diet and STZ in C57BL/6J mice, and BEnd.3 and HT22 cell lines were applied in the in vitro study. Quality of flavonoids was evaluated by LC-MS/MS. Differential expressed proteins in the hippocampus were evaluated by proteomics; influence of the flavonoids on composition of gut microbiota was analyzed by metagenomics. Mechanism of the flavonoids on diabetic encepholopathy was analyzed by Q-PCR, Western Blot, and multi-immunological methods et al. Results: We found that flavonoids from Astragalus membranaceus (TFA) significantly ameliorated brain damage by modulating gut-microbiota-brain axis: TFA oral administration decreased fasting blood glucose and food intake, repaired blood brain barrier, protected hippocampus synaptic function; improved hippocampus mitochondrial biosynthesis and energy metabolism; and enriched the intestinal microbiome in high fat diet/STZ-induced diabetic mice. In the in vitro study, we found TFA increased viability of HT22 cells and preserved gut barrier integrity in CaCO2 monocellular layer, and PGC1α/AMPK pathway participated in this process. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that flavonoids from Astragalus Membranaceus ameliorated brain impairment via gut-brain axis. Our present study provided an alternative solution on preventing and treating diabetic cognition impairment.

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Effect of glucoraphanin from broccoli seeds on lipid levels and gut microbiota in high-fat diet-fed mice

Journal of Functional Foods ◽

10.1016/j.jff.2020.103858 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 68 ◽

pp. 103858

Author(s):

Xinxing Xu ◽

Mei Dai ◽

Fei Lao ◽

Fang Chen ◽

Xiaosong Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Lipid Levels ◽

High Fat

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Beneficial Effects of Potentilla discolor Bunge Water Extract on Inflammatory Cytokines Release and Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet and Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Mice

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11030670 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 670 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Lihua Han ◽

Tiange Li ◽

Min Du ◽

Rui Chang ◽

Biyuan Zhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Intestinal Inflammation ◽

Water Extract ◽

Perennial Herb ◽

Diabetic Mice ◽

High Fat ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Potentilla discolor Bunge (PDB), a perennial herb, has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine in the therapy of many diseases. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of PDB water extract on systemic inflammation and gut microbiota in type 2 diabetic (T2D) mice induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) injection. C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a normal diet (ND) group, T2D group, and PDB group (diabetic mice treated with PDB water extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight). Results showed that PDB significantly decreased the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum. Further investigation showed that PDB significantly reduced the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in fecal samples of diabetic mice. In addition, PDB notably alleviated intestinal inflammation as evidenced by decreased expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and inflammatory cytokines. PDB also reversed the decreased expression of intestinal mucosal tight junction proteins including Claudin3, ZO-1, and Occludin. Meanwhile, the levels of fecal acetic acid and butyric acid and their specific receptors including G-protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 41 and 43 expression in the colon were also increased after PDB treatment. Our results indicated that PDB might serve as a potential functional ingredient against diabetes and related inflammation.

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Punicalagin alleviates renal injury via the gut-kidney axis in high-fat diet-induced diabetic mice

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d1fo03343c ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Qinglian Hua ◽

Ya Ling Han ◽

Haifeng Zhao ◽

Haowen Zhang ◽

Bei Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Renal Injury ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Diabetic Mice ◽

High Fat ◽

Microbial Ecosystem

Diabetic renal injury was associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and intestinal barrier. Punicalagin (PU) from pomegranates potentially impacts the microbial ecosystem, intestinal barrier, and renal function. Therefore, we...

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Lipid- and gut microbiota-modulating effects of graphene oxide nanoparticles in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c8ra06058d ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (55) ◽

pp. 31366-31371 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Juan Li ◽

Shengmei Yang ◽

Jiaqi Yu ◽

Rongli Cui ◽

Ru Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Lipid Levels ◽

High Fat ◽

Liver Lipids ◽

The Impact ◽

Microbiota Structure

The impact of GO on blood/liver lipids and gut microbiota structure in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic mice was investigated. Oral administration of GO for 28 days remarkably decreased lipid levels in blood and liver and GO did not decrease the total number of gut bacteria but increased the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria.

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Antidiabetic Effect of Casein Glycomacropeptide Hydrolysates on High-Fat Diet and STZ-Induced Diabetic Mice via Regulating Insulin Signaling in Skeletal Muscle and Modulating Gut Microbiota

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12010220 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 220 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Qichen Yuan ◽

Biyuan Zhan ◽

Rui Chang ◽

Min Du ◽

Xueying Mao

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Glucose Transporter ◽

Glycogen Synthase ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Diabetic Mice ◽

High Fat ◽

Antidiabetic Effect ◽

Glucose Levels

This study evaluated the effects and the underlying mechanisms of casein glycomacropeptide hydrolysate (GHP) on high-fat diet-fed and streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes (T2D) in C57BL/6J mice. Results showed that 8-week GHP supplementation significantly decreased fasting blood glucose levels, restored insulin production, improved glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance, and alleviated dyslipidemia in T2D mice. In addition, GHP supplementation reduced the concentration of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum, which led to reduced systematic inflammation. Furthermore, GHP supplementation increased muscle glycogen content in diabetic mice, which was probably due to the regulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta and glycogen synthase. GHP regulated the insulin receptor substrate-1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway in skeletal muscle, which promoted glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation. Moreover, GHP modulated the overall structure and diversity of gut microbiota in T2D mice. GHP increased the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and the abundance of S24-7, Ruminiclostridium, Blautia and Allobaculum, which might contribute to its antidiabetic effect. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the antidiabetic effect of GHP may be associated with the recovery of skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and the regulation of gut microbiota.

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Lactobacillus Sps in Reducing the Risk of Diabetes in High-Fat Diet-Induced Diabetic Mice by Modulating the Gut Microbiome and Inhibiting Key Digestive Enzymes Associated with Diabetes

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10040348 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 348

Author(s):

Aneela Gulnaz ◽

Jawad Nadeem ◽

Jong-Hun Han ◽

Lee-Ching Lew ◽

Jae-Dong Son ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Live Cells ◽

Diabetic Mice ◽

High Fat ◽

Reduced Body

Obesity caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) affects gut microbiota linked to the risk of type-2 diabetes (T2D). This study evaluates live cells and ethanolic extract (SEL) of Lactobacillus sakei Probio65 and Lactobacillus plantarum Probio-093 as natural anti-diabetic compounds. In-vitro anti-diabetic effects were determined based on the inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. The SEL of Probio65 and Probio-093 significantly retarded α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes (p < 0.05). Live Probio65 and Probio-093 inhibited α-glucosidase and α-amylase, respectively (p < 0.05). In mice fed with a 45% kcal high-fat diet (HFD), the SEL and live cells of both strains reduced body weight significantly compared to HFD control (p < 0.05). Probio-093 also improved blood glucose level compared to control (p < 0.05). The gut microbiota modulatory effects of lactobacilli on HFD-induced diabetic mice were analyzed with qPCR method. The SEL and live cells of both strains reduced phyla Deferribacteres compared to HFD control (p < 0.05). The SEL and live cells of Probio-093 promoted more Actinobacteria (phyla), Bifidobacterium, and Prevotella (genus) compared to control (p < 0.05). Both strains exerted metabolic-modulatory effects, with strain Probio-093 showing more prominent alteration in gut microbiota, substantiating the role of probiotics in gut microbiome modulations and anti-diabetic effect. Both lactobacilli are potential candidates to lessen obesity-linked T2D.

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Ferulic Acid Ameliorates Atherosclerotic Injury by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Lipid Metabolism

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.621339 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yuyan Gu ◽

Yaxin Zhang ◽

Mei Li ◽

Zhiyong Huang ◽

Jing Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Ferulic Acid ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Lipid Levels ◽

High Fat ◽

Hepatocyte Steatosis ◽

Mice Liver

Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of death worldwide. Recent studies have emphasized the significance of gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in the development of atherosclerosis. Herein, the effects and molecular mechanisms involving ferulic acid (FA) was examined in atherosclerosis using the ApoE-knockout (ApoE-∕-, c57BL/6 background) mouse model. Eighteen male ApoE−/− mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and then randomly divided into three groups: the model group, the FA (40 mg/kg/day) group and simvastatin (5 mg/kg/day) group. As results, FA could significantly alleviate atherosclerosis and regulate lipid levels in mice. Liver injury and hepatocyte steatosis induced by HFD were also mitigated by FA. FA improved lipid metabolism involving up-regulation of AMPKα phosphorylation and down-regulation of SREBP1 and ACC1 expression. Furthermore, FA induced marked structural changes in the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites and specifically reduced the relative abundance of Fimicutes, Erysipelotrichaceae and Ileibacterium, which were positively correlated with serum lipid levels in atherosclerosis mice. In conclusion, we demonstrate that FA could significantly ameliorate atherosclerotic injury, which may be partly by modulating gut microbiota and lipid metabolism via the AMPKα/SREBP1/ACC1 pathway.

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