scholarly journals Unusual Conditions Impairing Saliva Secretion: Developmental Anomalies of Salivary Glands

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucrezia Togni ◽  
Marco Mascitti ◽  
Andrea Santarelli ◽  
Maria Contaldo ◽  
Antonio Romano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Developmental Anomalies ◽  
Saliva Secretion

scholarly journals Enhanced Inflammation and Nitrosative Stress in the Saliva and Plasma of Patients with Plaque Psoriasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Skutnik-Radziszewska ◽  
Mateusz Maciejczyk ◽  
Iwona Flisiak ◽  
Julita Krahel ◽  
Urszula Kołodziej ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Saliva Secretion ◽  
Immune Mediated

Psoriasis is the most common inflammatory skin disease, characterized by the release of proinflammatory cytokines from lymphocytes, keratinocytes, and dendritic cells. Although psoriasis is considered an immune-mediated inflammatory disease, its effect on secretory activity of salivary glands and quantitative composition of saliva is still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the secretion of saliva as well as several selected inflammation and nitrosative stress biomarkers in unstimulated and stimulated saliva as well as plasma of psoriasis patients. We demonstrated that, with progressing severity and duration of the disease, the secretory function of the parotid and submandibular salivary glands is lost, which is manifested as decreased unstimulated and stimulated saliva secretion and reduced salivary amylase activity and total protein concentration. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interferon-gamma (INF-γ) were significantly higher, whereas interleukin-10 (IL-10) content was considerably lower in unstimulated and stimulated saliva of patients with psoriasis compared to the controls, and the changes increased with the disease duration. Similarly, we observed that the intensity of nitrosative stress in the salivary glands of psoriasis patients depended on the duration of the disease. By means of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, we showed that the evaluation of nitric oxide (NO), nitrotyrosine, and IL-2 concentration in non-stimulated saliva with high sensitivity and specificity differentiated psoriasis patients on the basis of the rate of saliva secretion (normal salivation vs. hyposalivation). In summary, the dysfunction of salivary glands in psoriasis patients is caused by inflammation and nitrosative stress.

Quantitative Reduction of Saliva Production with Botulinum Toxin Type B Injection into the Salivary Glands

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Turk-Gonzales ◽  
Ib R. Odderson
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Ultra Sound ◽  
Type B ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Saliva Secretion ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type B ◽  
Brainstem Stroke ◽  
Saliva Production

Drooling is common in patients with neurological disorders. Recently, botulinum toxin type B has been shown to be effective in the treatment of drooling. The authors present a unique case of a 57-year-old man with a history of a brainstem stroke and severe drooling. The patient’s parotid and submandibular glands were injected under ultra-sound guidance with botulinum toxin type B. Saliva was collected and quantified before and after the injections by 2 different collection methods: suctioning and dental rolls. Total saliva production decreased by 23.8% after injection of the parotid glands and by 85.8% after submandibular injection compared to the preinjection level. The 2 methods demonstrated similar results. In addition, the patient experienced less drooling and increased participation in therapies without any side effects. This case demonstrates that saliva secretion and drooling can effectively be treated by injections of botulinum toxin type B into the salivary glands.

scholarly journals On the ratio of conditioned and unconditioned saliva secretion on well-formed conditioned reflexes

1929 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
A. B. Volovik
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Conditioned Reflex ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Conditioned Reflexes ◽  
Food Substance ◽  
Saliva Secretion ◽  
Weak Stimulus ◽  
Food Center

For the formation of conditioned reflexes, as is known, the coincidence of the conditioned stimulus in time with the unconditioned one, for example, with food, is required. If reflexes have already been formed, that is, the food reaction in children opening the mouth and the separation of saliva appears after the onset of the action of the conditioned stimulus, then in order for them not to fade away, the action of the conditioned stimulus must be reinforced by giving some food substance, which causes child a series of chewing movements and increased salivation, unconditioned secretion of saliva. Thus, in our experiments, we have the opportunity to take into account the values ​​of both conditioned and unconditioned salivation and their relationship to each other. As is known, a conditioned secretory reaction is composed of several moments: the energy from a conditioned external stimulus is transformed into a nervous process of irritation, which captures a certain group of cells of a particular analyzer in the cerebral cortex. Then this irritation is carried out, apparently, to the food center and further to the centers of salivation, which cause the salivary glands to function. The intensity of conditioned salivation depends, therefore, on the excitability of the cells of the cerebral hemispheres and further on the food center. If the conditioned stimulus evokes a weak stimulus process in the corresponding part of the cortex, then it is clear that the conditioned secretion of saliva is also low. A decrease in the excitability of the food center also leads to a significant weakening of conditioned reflex activity.

Meetings of medical societies. Society of Physicians at Kazan University

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-598
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Saliva Secretion ◽  
Medical Societies ◽  
Strong Current

Session 4/IV.Dr. M.V. Sergievsky: To a question on inhibition of salivary glands secretion. The speaker's task was to analyze in detail the conditions of inhibition and to establish the relation of inhibitory nerves to some pharmacological substances. It turned out that the sympathetic nerve when irritated by a strong current causes, in parallel with stopping saliva secretion, obtained by chord irritation, also changes in the blood circulation of the gland, and possibly in the chemistry of the blood.

Salispheres from Different Major Salivary Glands for Glandular Regeneration

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 786-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.W. Lee ◽  
Y.C. Hsiao ◽  
Y.C. Chen ◽  
T.H. Young ◽  
T.L. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Submandibular Glands ◽  
Saliva Secretion ◽  
Clinical Challenge ◽  
In Vivo Effects

Dysfunctional salivary glands (SGs) are a clinical challenge due to the lack of effective treatments. Cell therapy with stem/progenitor cells may improve this situation by providing promising therapeutic solutions. Therefore, exploring abundant cellular sources is important. Three major pairs of SGs are located in different anatomic regions: the parotid glands, the submandibular glands, and the sublingual glands. Although SG stem/progenitor cells can be isolated and cultivated from all major SGs as salispheres, the differences among SG origins remain unclear. In this study, salispheres were successfully isolated from all major SGs. The salispheres demonstrated unique cellular features that originated from their native tissues. The characteristic expression profiles and cellular features of SG stem cells were demonstrated in all salispheres. When they were transplanted into irradiated animals, the salispheres were all capable of improving the saliva secretion that was disrupted by irradiation. Typical histologic structures could be observed in most parts of the treated glands, and the fibrotic environments of irradiated submandibular glands were remodeled by all salispheres regardless of origins. This study characterized the cellular features and in vivo effects of salispheres that were derived from different anatomic origins. The results suggest the possibility of functional redundancy among distinct pairs of major SGs, which is useful for the design of cell therapy to treat dysfunctional glandular organs.

scholarly journals Adenovirus-mediated hAQP1 expression in irradiated mouse salivary glands causes recovery of saliva secretion by enhancing acinar cell volume decrease

Gene Therapy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 572-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Y Teos ◽  
C-Y Zheng ◽  
X Liu ◽  
W D Swaim ◽  
C M Goldsmith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Acinar Cell ◽  
Saliva Secretion ◽  
Volume Decrease

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide enhances saliva secretion via direct binding to PACAP receptors of major salivary glands in mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 299 (9) ◽  
pp. 1293-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Matoba ◽  
Naoko Nonaka ◽  
Yoshitoki Takagi ◽  
Eisaku Imamura ◽  
Masayuki Narukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Saliva Secretion ◽  
Major Salivary Glands ◽  
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Direct Binding ◽  
Pacap Receptors

scholarly journals The cAMP-phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) controls β-adrenoceptor- and CFTR-dependent saliva secretion in mice.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Boyd ◽  
Ileana V. Aragon ◽  
Lina Abou Saleh ◽  
Dylan Southers ◽  
Wito Richter
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pde4 Inhibitor ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Camp Phosphodiesterase ◽  
Saliva Secretion

Saliva, while often taken for granted, is indispensable for oral health and overall well-being, as inferred from the significant impairments suffered by patients with salivary gland dysfunction. Here, we show that treatment with several structurally-distinct PAN-PDE4 inhibitors, but not a PDE3 inhibitor, induces saliva secretion in mice, indicating it is a class-effect of PDE4 inhibitors. In anesthetized mice, while neuronal regulations are suppressed, PDE4 inhibition potentiates a β-adrenoceptor-induced salivation, that is ablated by the β-blocker Propranolol and is absent in homozygous ΔF508-CFTR mice lacking functional CFTR. These data suggest that PDE4 acts within salivary glands to gate saliva secretion that is contingent upon the cAMP/PKA-dependent activation of CFTR. Indeed, PDE4 contributes the majority of total cAMP-hydrolytic capacity in submandibular-, sublingual-, and parotid glands, the three major salivary glands of the mouse. In awake mice, PDE4 inhibitor-induced salivation is reduced by CFTR deficiency or β-blockers, but also by the muscarinic blocker Atropine, suggesting an additional, central/neuronal mechanism of PDE4 inhibitor action. The PDE4 family comprises four subtypes, PDE4A-D. Ablation of PDE4D, but not PDE4A-C, produced a minor effect on saliva secretion, implying that while PDE4D may play a predominant role, PDE4 inhibitor-induced salivation results from the concurrent inactivation of multiple (at least two) PDE4 subtypes. Taken together, our data reveal a critical role for PDE4/PDE4D in controlling CFTR function in an in vivo model and in inducing salivation, hinting at a therapeutic potential of PDE4 inhibition for cystic fibrosis and conditions associated with xerostomia.

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