scholarly journals The CCHamide1 Neuropeptide Expressed in the Anterior Dorsal Neuron 1 Conveys a Circadian Signal to the Ventral Lateral Neurons in Drosophila melanogaster

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Fujiwara ◽  
Christiane Hermann-Luibl ◽  
Maki Katsura ◽  
Manabu Sekiguchi ◽  
Takanori Ida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Anterior Dorsal ◽  
Lateral Neurons

scholarly journals Mesencephalic Astrocyte-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Regulates Morphology of Pigment-Dispersing Factor-Positive Clock Neurons and Circadian Neuronal Plasticity in Drosophila melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Krzeptowski ◽  
Lucyna Walkowicz ◽  
Ewelina Krzeptowska ◽  
Edyta Motta ◽  
Kacper Witek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Optic Lobe ◽  
Dendritic Tree ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
Pigment Dispersing Factor ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Lateral Neurons

Mesencephalic Astrocyte-derived Neurotrophic Factor (MANF) is one of a few neurotrophic factors described in Drosophila melanogaster (DmMANF) but its function is still poorly characterized. In the present study we found that DmMANF is expressed in different clusters of clock neurons. In particular, the PDF-positive large (l-LNv) and small (s-LNv) ventral lateral neurons, the CRYPTOCHROME-positive dorsal lateral neurons (LNd), the group 1 dorsal neurons posterior (DN1p) and different tim-positive cells in the fly’s visual system. Importantly, DmMANF expression in the ventral lateral neurons is not controlled by the clock nor it affects its molecular mechanism. However, silencing DmMANF expression in clock neurons affects the rhythm of locomotor activity in light:dark and constant darkness conditions. Such phenotypes correlate with abnormal morphology of the dorsal projections of the s-LNv and with reduced arborizations of the l-LNv in the medulla of the optic lobe. Additionally, we show that DmMANF is important for normal morphology of the L2 interneurons in the visual system and for the circadian rhythm in the topology of their dendritic tree. Our results indicate that DmMANF is important not only for the development of neurites but also for maintaining circadian plasticity of neurons.

Morphogenesis of the epidermis of adult abdomen of Drosophila

Development ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Mekkara Mandaravally Madhavan ◽  
Kornath Madhavan
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
Histological Sections ◽  
Anterior Dorsal ◽  
Experimental Induction ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Internal Oblique ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Adult Abdomen

Mitotic pattern in the different histoblast nests, and the temporal sequence of fusion and differentiation of these nests and spiracular anlagen resulting; in the formation of the different regions of the adult abdomen of Drosophila melanogaster were studied by examining whole mount preparations and histological sections of the epidermis from closely timed developmental stages. The relationship between the boundaries of the primary (larval) and secondary (adult) segments was determined by following the points of insertion of the dorsal internal oblique muscles which persist through metamorphosis. These studies indicate that the descendants of the anterior dorsal histoblast nest form the hairy and bristled region of the tergum, while those of the anterior and posterior groups of the posterior dorsal nest give rise to the intersegmental membrane and acrotergite respectively; the ventral histoblast cells give rise to the sternum and pleural region while the spiracular anlage forms the spiracle. These findings confirm and extend the conclusions derived from genetic analyses or after experimental induction of defects, on the lineage of the various histoblast nests.

scholarly journals Anatomy of Motor Axons to Direct Flight Muscles in Drosophila

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID G. KING ◽  
MARK A. TANOUYE
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Nerve Fibre ◽  
Serial Section ◽  
Motor Axons ◽  
Anterior Dorsal ◽  
Direct Flight ◽  
Neurosecretory Axon ◽  
Flight Muscles ◽  
Large Motor ◽  
Small Nerve

The direct flight muscles of Drosophila melanogaster are innervated by the anterior dorsal mesothoracic (ADM) nerve and the mesothoracic accessory (MAC) nerve. Each of the four conspicuously large axons in the ADM nerve serves one of the muscles designated pal, pa3, pa4 and pa5. Muscle pa4 is additionally innervated by a very small neurosecretory axon. Muscle pa6, also innervated by the ADM nerve, receives at least one small nerve fibre but no large axon. Muscle pa2 is innervated by a large axon from the MAC nerve. Large motor axons, identified by serial section tracing from their respective muscles, are consistent among different individuals in both relative positions and relative diameters within the ADM nerve.

Author response for "Location and arrangement of campaniform sensilla in Drosophila melanogaster"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gesa F. Dinges ◽  
Alexander S. Chockley ◽  
Till Bockemühl ◽  
Kei Ito ◽  
Alexander Blanke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Campaniform Sensilla

Live Confocal Analysis of Fertilization and Early Development

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1012-1013
Author(s):  
Uyen Tram ◽  
William Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Fluorescent Probes ◽  
Primary Defect ◽  
Fluorescent Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Event ◽  
Enormous Amount ◽  
Fluorescent Studies

Embryonic development is a dynamic event and is best studied in live animals in real time. Much of our knowledge of the early events of embryogenesis, however, comes from immunofluourescent analysis of fixed embryos. While these studies provide an enormous amount of information about the organization of different structures during development, they can give only a static glimpse of a very dynamic event. More recently real-time fluorescent studies of living embryos have become much more routine and have given new insights to how different structures and organelles (chromosomes, centrosomes, cytoskeleton, etc.) are coordinately regulated. This is in large part due to the development of commercially available fluorescent probes, GFP technology, and newly developed sensitive fluorescent microscopes. For example, live confocal fluorescent analysis proved essential in determining the primary defect in mutations that disrupt early nuclear divisions in Drosophila melanogaster. For organisms in which GPF transgenics is not available, fluorescent probes that label DNA, microtubules, and actin are available for microinjection.

Apoptosis and development

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin V McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Genetic Pathways ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Multicellular Organisms

Apoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved process used by multicellular organisms to developmentally regulate cell number or to eliminate cells that are potentially detrimental to the organism. The large diversity of regulators of apoptosis in mammalian cells and their numerous interactions complicate the analysis of their individual functions, particularly in development. The remarkable conservation of apoptotic mechanisms across species has allowed the genetic pathways of apoptosis determined in lower species, such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, to act as models for understanding the biology of apoptosis in mammalian cells. Though many components of the apoptotic pathway are conserved between species, the use of additional model organisms has revealed several important differences and supports the use of model organisms in deciphering complex biological processes such as apoptosis.

Insights into amyloid disease from fly models

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 69-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ko-Fan Chen ◽  
Damian C. Crowther
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Amyloid Β Peptide ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis ◽  
Amyloid Aggregates ◽  
Aβ Amyloid ◽  
Polypeptide Chains ◽  
Amyloid Diseases

The formation of amyloid aggregates is a feature of most, if not all, polypeptide chains. In vivo modelling of this process has been undertaken in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster with remarkable success. Models of both neurological and systemic amyloid diseases have been generated and have informed our understanding of disease pathogenesis in two main ways. First, the toxic amyloid species have been at least partially characterized, for example in the case of the Aβ (amyloid β-peptide) associated with Alzheimer's disease. Secondly, the genetic underpinning of model disease-linked phenotypes has been characterized for a number of neurodegenerative disorders. The current challenge is to integrate our understanding of disease-linked processes in the fly with our growing knowledge of human disease, for the benefit of patients.

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