scholarly journals Acute Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Exercise and Continuous Moderate-Intensity Exercise Elicit a Similar Improvement in 24-h Glycemic Control in Overweight and Obese Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewan Parker ◽  
Christopher S. Shaw ◽  
Lauren Banting ◽  
Itamar Levinger ◽  
Karen M. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Similar Improvement ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
High Intensity Interval

scholarly journals Acute high-intensity interval exercise induces greater levels of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor in obese individuals

2018 ◽  
Vol 243 (14) ◽  
pp. 1153-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra L Rodriguez ◽  
Michael Whitehurst ◽  
Brandon G Fico ◽  
Katelyn M Dodge ◽  
Peter J Ferrandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Bdnf Expression ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Obese Population ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Obesity may attenuate the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), thereby increasing the risk of cognitive dysfunction. High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) has been shown to be as or more effective than continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME) in promoting the expression of BDNF in normal-weight individuals. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to examine whether or not acute HIIE could be utilized as a practical model to explore the BDNF response in obese versus normal-weight subjects when compared to acute CME. The potential relationship of exercise-induced BDNF with blood lactate and cortisol was also examined. Twelve male subjects (six obese and six normal-weight) participated in a counterbalanced and caloric equated experiment: HIIE (30 min, 4 intervals of 4 min at 80%–90% of VO2max with 3 min of active recovery at 50–60% VO2max) and CME (38 min at 50%–60% VO2max). Blood samples were collected prior to, immediately following exercise, and 1 h into recovery for measurements of serum BDNF, blood lactate, and plasma cortisol. Our results showed that the BDNF response to acute HIIE was greater than CME in obese subjects when compared to normal-weight subjects. Similarly, although acute HIIE induced greater blood lactate and plasma cortisol levels than CME, obese subjects produced less blood lactate, but no difference in cortisol than normal-weight subjects. These findings suggest that acute HIIE may be a more effective protocol to upregulate BDNF expression in an obese population, independent of increased lactate and cortisol levels. Impact statement High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) has been shown to be a time-efficient exercise strategy that provides similar or superior physiological benefits as traditional continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME). Our previous study demonstrated an equivalent elevation on the BDNF response in both obese and normal-weight individuals following 30 min of acute CME. To discover a time-efficient exercise strategy to improve brain health in an obese population, the present study found that obese individuals elicit a greater level of BDNF following acute HIIE versus CME than normal-weight individuals. These findings indicate that acute HIIE may be an effective strategy to upregulate BDNF expression in obese individuals.

scholarly journals What Doesn't Kill you Makes you Fitter: A Systematic Review of High-Intensity Interval Exercise for Patients with Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. CMC.S26230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itamar Levinger ◽  
Christopher S. Shaw ◽  
Nigel K. Stepto ◽  
Samantha Cassar ◽  
Andrew J. McAinch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
High Intensity Interval

High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) has gained popularity in recent years for patients with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Despite potential benefits, concerns remain about the safety of the acute response (during and/or within 24 hours postexercise) to a single session of HIIE for these cohorts. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a systematic review to evaluate the safety of acute HIIE for people with cardiometabolic diseases. Electronic databases were searched for studies published prior to January 2015, which reported the acute responses of patients with cardiometabolic diseases to HIIE (≥80% peak power output or ≥85% peak aerobic power, VO2peak). Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 156; clinically stable, aged 27-66 years), with 13 adverse responses reported (~8% of individuals). The rate of adverse responses is somewhat higher compared to the previously reported risk during moderate-intensity exercise. Caution must be taken when prescribing HIIE to patients with cardiometabolic disease. Patients who wish to perform HIIE should be clinically stable, have had recent exposure to at least regular moderate-intensity exercise, and have appropriate supervision and monitoring during and after the exercise session.

Plasma pentraxin 3 and glucose kinetics following acute high-intensity interval exercise versus continuous moderate-intensity exercise in healthy men

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1233-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron L. Slusher ◽  
Michael Whitehurst ◽  
Arun Maharaj ◽  
Katelyn M. Dodge ◽  
Brandon G. Fico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Time Effect ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Pentraxin 3 ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is mainly synthesized and released by neutrophils to help regulate innate immunity. While plasma PTX3 concentrations are associated with improved glucose metabolism and overall metabolic health, there is evidence that significant elevations in plasma glucose downregulate circulating levels of PTX3. To examine whether this relationship would be altered in response to exercise, this study investigated the kinetics of the plasma glucose and PTX3 responses following high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CMIE). It was hypothesized that the increased concentrations of plasma glucose following HIIE compared with CMIE would be associated with an attenuated plasma PTX3 response. Eight healthy male subjects participated in both HIIE and CMIE protocols administered as a randomized, counterbalanced design. Linear mixed models for repeated measures revealed that the overall plasma glucose response was greater following HIIE compared with CMIE (protocol × time effect: p = 0.037). Although the plasma PTX3 response was higher only at 19 min into HIIE compared with CMIE (protocol × time effect: p = 0.013), no relationships were observed between plasma glucose and PTX3 either at baseline or in response to both exercise protocols, as indicated by the area under the curve “with respect to increase” analysis. Our results indicate that exercise-mediated plasma PTX3 concentrations are independent of the plasma glucose response. In addition, the present study suggests that the neutrophil-mediated innate immune response, as indicated by plasma PTX3 response, may be activated earlier during HIIE compared with CMIE.

Effects of high-intensity interval exercise versus continuous moderate-intensity exercise on postprandial glycemic control assessed by continuous glucose monitoring in obese adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 835-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. Little ◽  
Mary E. Jung ◽  
Amy E. Wright ◽  
Wendi Wright ◽  
Ralph J.F. Manders
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Glucose Monitoring ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of acute high-intensity interval training (HIIT) compared with continuous moderate-intensity (CMI) exercise on postprandial hyperglycemia in overweight or obese adults. Ten inactive, overweight or obese adults (41 ± 11 yrs, BMI = 36 ± 7 kg/m2) performed an acute bout of HIIT (10 × 1 min at approximately 90% peak heart rate (HRpeak) with 1-min recovery periods) or matched work CMI (30 min at approximately 65% HRpeak) in a randomized, counterbalanced fashion. Exercise was performed 2 h after breakfast, and glucose control was assessed by continuous glucose monitoring under standardized dietary conditions over 24 h. Postprandial glucose (PPG) responses to lunch, dinner, and the following day’s breakfast were analyzed and compared with a no-exercise control day. Exercise did not affect the PPG responses to lunch, but performing both HIIT and CMI in the morning significantly reduced the PPG incremental area under the curve (AUC) following dinner when compared with control (HIIT = 110 ± 35, CMI = 125 ± 34, control = 162 ± 46 mmol/L × 2 h, p < 0.05). The PPG AUC (HIIT = 125 ± 53, CMI = 186 ± 55, control = 194 ± 96 mmol/L × 2 h) and the PPG spike (HIIT = Δ2.1 ± 0.9, CMI = Δ3.0 ± 0.9, control = Δ3.0 ± 1.5 mmol/l) following breakfast on the following day were significantly lower following HIIT compared with both CMI and control (p < 0.05). Absolute AUC and absolute glucose spikes were not different between HIIT, CMI, or control for any meal (p > 0.05 for all). We conclude that a single session of HIIT has greater and more lasting effects on reducing incremental PPG when compared with CMI.

Intensity Matters: High-intensity Interval Exercise Enhances Motor Cortex Plasticity More Than Moderate Exercise

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie C Andrews ◽  
Dylan Curtin ◽  
Ziarih Hawi ◽  
Jaeger Wongtrakun ◽  
Julie C Stout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Intracortical Inhibition ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Abstract A single bout of cardiovascular exercise can enhance plasticity in human cortex; however, the intensity required for optimal enhancement is debated. We investigated the effect of exercise intensity on motor cortex synaptic plasticity, using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Twenty healthy adults (Mage = 35.10 ± 13.25 years) completed three sessions. Measures of cortico-motor excitability (CME) and inhibition were obtained before and after a 20-min bout of either high-intensity interval exercise, moderate-intensity continuous exercise, or rest, and again after intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS). Results showed that high-intensity interval exercise enhanced iTBS plasticity more than rest, evidenced by increased CME and intracortical facilitation, and reduced intracortical inhibition. In comparison, the effect of moderate-intensity exercise was intermediate between high-intensity exercise and rest. Importantly, analysis of each participant’s plasticity response profile indicated that high-intensity exercise increased the likelihood of a facilitatory response to iTBS. We also established that the brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism attenuated plasticity responses following high-intensity exercise. These findings suggest that high-intensity interval exercise should be considered not only when planning exercise interventions designed to enhance neuroplasticity, but also to maximize the therapeutic potential of non-invasive brain stimulation. Additionally, genetic profiling may enhance efficacy of exercise interventions for brain health.

Prescribing high-intensity interval exercise by RPE in individuals with type 2 diabetes: metabolic and hemodynamic responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane Aparecida Viana ◽  
Bianca Fernandes ◽  
Cristian Alvarez ◽  
Guilherme Veiga Guimarães ◽  
Emmanuel Gomes Ciolac
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
High Intensity Interval

We tested the hypothesis that rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is a tool as efficient as the heart rate (HR) response to the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) for prescribing and self-regulating high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), and that metabolic and hemodynamic response to HIIE is superior than to continuous moderate-intensity exercise (MICE) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Eleven participants (age = 52.3 ± 3 years) underwent HIIE prescribed and self-regulated by RPE (HIIERPE; 25 min), HIIE prescribed and regulated by an individual’s HR response to CPX (HIIEHR; 25 min), MICE prescribed and self-regulated by RPE (30 min) and control (30 min of seated resting) intervention in random order. HR, blood pressure (BP), capillary glucose, endothelial reactivity, and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity were assessed before, immediately after, and 45 min after each intervention. Exercise HR, speed, and distance were measured during exercise sessions. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory BP was measured after each intervention. Exercise HR, speed, and distance were similar between HIIERPE and HIIEHR. BP response was not different among HIIERPE, HIIEHR, and MICE. Capillary glycaemia reduction was greater (P < 0.05) after HIIERPE (48.6 ± 9.6 mg/dL) and HIIEHR (47.2 ± 9.5 mg/dL) than MICE (29.5 ± 11.5 mg/dL). Reduction (P < 0.05) in 24-h (6.7 ± 2.2 mm Hg) and tendency toward reduction (P = 0.06) in daytime systolic (7.0 ± 2.5 mm Hg) ambulatory BP were found only after HIIERPE. These results suggest that HIIE is superior to MICE for reducing glycaemia and ambulatory BP, and that the 6–20 RPE scale is a useful tool for prescribing and self-regulating HIIE in individuals with T2DM.

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