scholarly journals The Role of the Paratrigeminal Nucleus in Vagal Afferent Evoked Respiratory Reflexes: A Neuroanatomical and Functional Study in Guinea Pigs

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandria K. Driessen ◽  
Michael J. Farrell ◽  
Stuart B. Mazzone ◽  
Alice E. McGovern
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Vagal Afferent ◽  
Respiratory Reflexes

Bioinformatics Analysis and Validation of Differentially Expressed MicroRNAs with Their Target Genes Involved in GLP-1RA Facilitated Osteogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Wang ◽  
Yukun Li ◽  
Sijing Liu ◽  
Liu Gao ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Regulation Network ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Lower Expression

Background: Recent studies revealed that the hypoglycemic hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), acted as an important modulator in osteogenesis of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the specific microRNA (miRNA) using bioinformatics analysis and validate the presence of differentially expressed microRNAs with their target genes after GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) administration involved in ostogenesis of BMSCs. Methods: MiRNAs were extracted from BMSCs after 5 days’ treatment and sent for high-throughput sequencing for differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs analyses. Then the expression of the DE miRNAs verified by the real-time RT-PCR analyses. Target genes were predicted, and highly enriched GOs and KEGG pathway analysis were conducted using bioinformatics analysis. For the functional study, two of the target genes, SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 5 (SOX5) and G protein-coupled receptor 84 (GPR84), were identified. Results: A total of 5 miRNAs (miRNA-509-5p, miRNA-547-3p, miRNA-201-3p, miRNA-201-5p, and miRNA-novel-272-mature) were identified differentially expressed among groups. The expression of miRNA-novel-272-mature were decreased during the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and GLP-1RA further decreased its expression. MiRNA-novel-272-mature might interact with its target mRNAs to enhance osteogenesis. The lower expression of miRNA-novel-272-mature led to an increase in SOX5 and a decrease in GPR84 mRNA expression, respectively. Conclusions: Taken together, these results provide further insights to the pharmacological properties of GLP-1RA and expand our knowledge on the role of miRNAs-mRNAs regulation network in BMSCs’ differentiation.

scholarly journals Histone Deacetylase Enzymes as Potential Drug Targets in Cancer and Parasitic Diseases

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Ouaissi ◽  
Ali Ouaissi
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Protozoan Infections

The elucidation of the mechanisms of transcriptional activation and repression in eukaryotic cells has shed light on the important role of acetylation-deacetylation of histones mediated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), respectively. Another group belonging to the large family of sirtuins (silent information regulators (SIRs)) has an (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)NAD+-dependent HDAC activity. Several inhibitors of HDACs (HDIs) have been shown to exert antitumor effects. Interestingly, some of the HDIs exerted a broad spectrum of antiprotozoal activity. The purpose of this review is to analyze some of the current data related to the deacetylase enzymes as a possible target for drug development in cancer and parasitic diseases with special reference to protozoan infections. Given the structural differences among members of this family of enzymes, development of specific inhibitors will not only allow selective therapeutic intervention, but may also provide a powerful tool for functional study of these enzymes.

Paradoxical effect of salbutamol in a model of acute organophosphates intoxication in guinea pigs: role of substance P release

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (4) ◽  
pp. L915-L923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Chávez ◽  
Patricia Segura ◽  
Mario H. Vargas ◽  
José Luis Arreola ◽  
Edgar Flores-Soto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
Neurokinin 1 ◽  
Substance P Release

Organophosphates induce bronchoobstruction in guinea pigs, and salbutamol only transiently reverses this effect, suggesting that it triggers additional obstructive mechanisms. To further explore this phenomenon, in vivo (barometric plethysmography) and in vitro (organ baths, including ACh and substance P concentration measurement by HPLC and immunoassay, respectively; intracellular Ca2+ measurement in single myocytes) experiments were performed. In in vivo experiments, parathion caused a progressive bronchoobstruction until a plateau was reached. Administration of salbutamol during this plateau decreased bronchoobstruction up to 22% in the first 5 min, but thereafter airway obstruction rose again as to reach the same intensity as before salbutamol. Aminophylline caused a sustained decrement (71%) of the parathion-induced bronchoobstruction. In in vitro studies, paraoxon produced a sustained contraction of tracheal rings, which was fully blocked by atropine but not by TTX, ω-conotoxin (CTX), or epithelium removal. During the paraoxon-induced contraction, salbutamol caused a temporary relaxation of ∼50%, followed by a partial recontraction. This paradoxical recontraction was avoided by the M2- or neurokinin-1 (NK1)-receptor antagonists (methoctramine or AF-DX 116, and L-732138, respectively), accompanied by a long-lasting relaxation. Forskolin caused full relaxation of the paraoxon response. Substance P and, to a lesser extent, ACh released from tracheal rings during 60-min incubation with paraoxon or physostigmine, respectively, were significantly increased when salbutamol was administered in the second half of this period. In myocytes, paraoxon did not produce any change in the intracellular Ca2+ basal levels. Our results suggested that: 1) organophosphates caused smooth muscle contraction by accumulation of ACh released through a TTX- and CTX-resistant mechanism; 2) during such contraction, salbutamol relaxation is functionally antagonized by the stimulation of M2 receptors; and 3) after this transient salbutamol-induced relaxation, a paradoxical contraction ensues due to the subsequent release of substance P.

Putative antihyperpyretic factor induced by LPS in spleen of guinea pigs

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (3) ◽  
pp. R680-R687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Feleder ◽  
Vit Perlik ◽  
Ying Tang ◽  
Clark M. Blatteis
Keyword(s):  
Kupffer Cells ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Collateral Circulation ◽  
Splenic Vein ◽  
Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Febrile Response ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
The Core ◽  
Temporally Correlated

We reported previously that the onset of LPS-induced fever, irrespective of its route of administration, is temporally correlated with the appearance of LPS in the liver and that splenectomy significantly increases both the febrile response to LPS and the uptake of LPS by Kupffer cells (KC). To further evaluate the role of the spleen in LPS fever production, we ligated the splenic vein and, 7 and 30 days later, monitored the core temperature changes over 6 h after intraperitoneal (ip) injection of LPS (2 μg/kg). Both the febrile response and the uptake of LPS by KC were significantly augmented. Like splenectomy, splenic vein ligation (SVL) increased the febrile response and LPS uptake by KC until the collateral circulation developed, suggesting that the spleen may normally contribute an inhibitory factor that limits KC uptake of LPS and thus affects the febrile response. Subsequently, to verify the presence of this factor, we prepared splenic extracts from guinea pigs pretreated with LPS (8 μg/kg ip) or pyrogen-free saline, homogenized and ultrafiltered them, and injected them intravenously into splenectomized (Splex) guinea pigs pretreated with LPS (8 μg/kg ip). The results confirmed our presumption that the splenic extract from LPS-treated guinea pigs inhibits the exaggerated febrile response and the LPS uptake by the liver of Splex guinea pigs, indicating the presence of a putative splenic inhibitory factor, confirming the participation of the spleen in LPS-induced fever, and suggesting the existence of a novel antihyperpyretic mechanism. Preliminary data indicate that this factor is a lipid.

scholarly journals Role of PGE2 in Neurotransmission from Pre- to Post-Ganglionic Hypogastric Nerves of Guinea Pigs.

1992 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akikazu Fujita ◽  
Tadayoshi Takeuchi ◽  
Fumiaki Hata ◽  
Osamu Yagasaki
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs

scholarly journals Role of thromboxane-A2 and cholinergic mechanisms in bronchoconstriction induced by cigarette smoke in guinea-pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2468-2473 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Matsumoto ◽  
H. A Izawa ◽  
H. Inoue ◽  
S. Takata ◽  
M. Shigyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Cholinergic Mechanisms
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