Evolution of the heteroharmonic strategy for target-range computation in the echolocation of Mormoopidae

AbstractThe experiment of inertial confinement fusion by the “ShengGuang (SG)-III” prototype laser facility is a transient and extreme reaction process within several nanoseconds, which could form a very complicated and intense electromagnetic field around the target chamber of the facility and may lead to harmful effect on people around. In particular, the biological effects arising from such specific environment field could hardly be ignored and have never been investigated yet, and thus, we reported on the investigation of the biological effects of radiation on HaCat cells and PC12 cells to preliminarily assess the biological safety of the target range of the "SG-III" prototype laser facility. The viability revealed that the damage of cells was dose-dependent. Then we compared the transcriptomes of exposed and unexposed PC12 cells by RNA-Seq analysis based on Illumina Novaseq 6000 platform and found that most significantly differentially expressed genes with corresponding Gene Ontology terms and pathways were strongly involved in proliferation, transformation, necrosis, inflammation response, apoptosis and DNA damage. Furthermore, we find increase in the levels of several proteins responsible for cell-cycle regulation and tumor suppression, suggesting that pathways or mechanisms regarding DNA damage repair was are quickly activated. It was found that "SG-III" prototype radiation could induce DNA damage and promote apoptotic necrosis.

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Filter lifetimes of different hemodiafiltration membrane materials in dogs: reevaluation of the optimal anticoagulant dosage

Renal Replacement Therapy ◽

10.1186/s41100-021-00323-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hiroko Yuzawa ◽

Yousuke Hirose ◽

Tomonori Kimura ◽

Keisuke Shinozaki ◽

Moe Oguchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽

Target Range ◽

Membrane Material ◽

Actual Clinical Practice ◽

Membrane Materials ◽

Filter Membrane ◽

Hemorrhagic Complications ◽

Materials Used ◽

Nafamostat Mesylate

Abstract Background In continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), administration of anticoagulants is necessary for achieving a certain level of filter lifetime. Generally, anticoagulant doses are controlled to keep activated partial thromboplastin time and other indicators within a certain target range, regardless of the membrane materials used for the filter. However, in actual clinical practice, the filter lifetime varies significantly depending on the membrane material used. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that the minimum anticoagulant dose necessary for prolonging the filter lifetime while reducing the risk of hemorrhagic complications varies depending on the type of membrane. Methods In three beagles, hemodiafiltration was performed with hemofilters using polysulfone (PS), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and AN69ST membranes separately. The minimum dose of nafamostat mesylate (NM) that would allow for 6 h of hemodiafiltration (required dose) was investigated for each membrane material. Results The NM doses required for 6 h of hemodiafiltration were 2 mg/kg/h for the PS membrane, 6 mg/kg/h for the PMMA membrane, and 6 mg/kg/h for the AN69ST membrane. Conclusion For hemodiafiltration performed in beagles, the required NM dose varied for each filter membrane material. Using the optimal anticoagulant dose for each membrane material would allow for safer CRRT performance.

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Personalized antibiotic therapy – a rapid high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitation of eight antibiotics and voriconazole for patients in the intensive care unit

LaboratoriumsMedizin ◽

10.1515/labmed-2020-0052 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Tony Böhle ◽

Ulrike Georgi ◽

Dewi Fôn Hughes ◽

Oliver Hauser ◽

Gudrun Stamminger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care ◽

Antibiotic Therapy ◽

High Performance ◽

High Specificity ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Turnaround Time ◽

Target Range ◽

Therapeutic Drug ◽

Monitoring Method ◽

Adjustment Procedure

AbstractObjectivesFor a long time, the therapeutic drug monitoring of anti-infectives (ATDM) was recommended only to avoid the toxic side effects of overdosing. During the last decade, however, this attitude has undergone a significant change. Insufficient antibiotic therapy may promote the occurrence of drug resistance; therefore, the “one-dose-fits-all” principle can no longer be classified as up to date. Patients in intensive care units (ICU), in particular, can benefit from individualized antibiotic therapies.MethodsPresented here is a rapid and sufficient LC-MS/MS based assay for the analysis of eight antibiotics (ampicillin, cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, linezolid, meropenem, and piperacillin) applicated by continuous infusion and voriconazole. In addition a dose adjustment procedure for individualized antibiotic therapy has been established.ResultsThe suggested dose adjustments following the initial dosing of 121 patient samples from ICUs, were evaluated over a period of three months. Only a minor percentage of the serum levels were found to be within the target range while overdosing was often observed for β-lactam antibiotics, and linezolid tended to be often underused. The results demonstrate an appreciable potential for β-lactam savings while enabling optimal therapy.ConclusionsThe presented monitoring method provides high specificity and is very robust against various interferences. A fast and straightforward method, the developed routine ensures rapid turnaround time. Its application has been well received by participating ICUs and has led to an expanding number of hospital wards participating in ATDM.

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Consistency and mechanical properties of sustainable concrete blended with brick dust waste cementitious materials

SN Applied Sciences ◽

10.1007/s42452-021-04430-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

Author(s):

S. Y. Amakye ◽

S. J. Abbey ◽

A. O. Olubanwo

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Fresh Concrete ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Target Range ◽

Hardened Concrete ◽

Index Test ◽

Demolition Waste ◽

Concrete Mix ◽

Brick Dust

AbstractThe reuse of waste materials in civil engineering projects has become the topic for many researchers due to their economic and environmental benefits. In this study, brick dust waste (BDW) derived from cutting of masonry bricks and demolition waste which are normally dumped as land fill is used as partial replacement of cement in a concrete mix at 10%, 20% and 30% respectively, with the aim of achieving high strength in concrete using less cement due to the environmental problems associated with the cement production. To ascertain the effects of BDW on the consistency and mechanical performance of concrete mix, laboratory investigations on the workability of fresh concrete and the strength of hardened concrete were carried out. Slump and compaction index test were carried out on fresh concrete mix and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test and tensile strength test were conducted on hardened concrete specimen after 7, 14 and 28 days of curing. The results showed high UCS and tensile strength with the addition of 10% BDW to the concrete mix, hence achieving the set target in accordance with the relevant British standards. A gradual reduction in strength was observed as BDW content increases, however, recording good workability as slump and compaction index results fell within the set target range in accordance with relevant British standards. Findings from this study concluded that BDW can partially replace cement in a concrete mix to up to 30% igniting the path to a cleaner production of novel concrete using BDW in construction work.

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Self-Care IoT Platform for Diabetic Mellitus

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11052006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 2006

Author(s):

Jai-Chang Park ◽

Seongbeom Kim ◽

Je-Hoon Lee

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Self Care ◽

Target Range ◽

Process Data ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Iot Platform ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Glucose Management ◽

The Relationship

Diabetes mellitus is a severe chronic disease, and the number of patients has increased. To manage blood glucose levels, patients should frequently measure their blood glucose and analyze which lifestyle habits affect blood glucose levels. However, it is hard to record and analyze the relationship between their blood glucose levels and lifestyle. The internet of things (IoT) is useful to interconnect, monitor, obtain, and process data between various devices used in everyday life to fulfill a common objective. This paper proposes an intelligent self-care platform using IoT technology that helps patients with chronic diabetes manage their blood glucose levels in their target range. In particular, we developed various devices called the self-care IoT pack. It consists of five different types of devices to obtain blood glucose levels, physical activities, food intake, medication, sleeping, and so on. They can collect blood glucose levels with lifestyles that automatically impact the patient’s blood glucose level. We also devised a self-care application to display and analyze the data obtained from the IoT pack. Consequently, the proposed self-care IoT platform collects the blood glucose levels and the lifestyles without any burden of record. By reviewing the accumulated information, the patients can find bad habits in blood glucose management and improve their lifestyle.

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Investigation of Salmonella Phage–Bacteria Infection Profiles: Network Structure Reveals a Gradient of Target-Range from Generalist to Specialist Phage Clones in Nested Subsets

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13071261 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1261

Author(s):

Khatuna Makalatia ◽

Elene Kakabadze ◽

Nata Bakuradze ◽

Nino Grdzelishvili ◽

Ben Stamp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Range ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Target Range ◽

Nested Subsets ◽

Specific Phage ◽

Salmonella Infections ◽

Specialist Species ◽

Host Infection ◽

Salmonella Phage

Bacteriophages that lyse Salmonella enterica are potential tools to target and control Salmonella infections. Investigating the host range of Salmonella phages is a key to understand their impact on bacterial ecology, coevolution and inform their use in intervention strategies. Virus–host infection networks have been used to characterize the “predator–prey” interactions between phages and bacteria and provide insights into host range and specificity. Here, we characterize the target-range and infection profiles of 13 Salmonella phage clones against a diverse set of 141 Salmonella strains. The environmental source and taxonomy contributed to the observed infection profiles, and genetically proximal phages shared similar infection profiles. Using in vitro infection data, we analyzed the structure of the Salmonella phage–bacteria infection network. The network has a non-random nested organization and weak modularity suggesting a gradient of target-range from generalist to specialist species with nested subsets, which are also observed within and across the different phage infection profile groups. Our results have implications for our understanding of the coevolutionary mechanisms shaping the ecological interactions between Salmonella phages and their bacterial hosts and can inform strategies for targeting Salmonella enterica with specific phage preparations.

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