scholarly journals The Corticospinal Tract: A Biomarker to Categorize Upper Limb Functional Potential in Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Jaspers ◽  
Winston D. Byblow ◽  
Hilde Feys ◽  
Nicole Wenderoth
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Corticospinal Tract ◽  
Functional Potential ◽  
Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

scholarly journals Sensorimotor functional connectivity in unilateral cerebral palsy: influence of corticospinal tract wiring pattern and clinical correlates

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Simon-Martinez ◽  
Ellen Jaspers ◽  
Kaat Alaerts ◽  
Els Ortibus ◽  
Joshua Balsters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Corticospinal Tract ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Periventricular White Matter ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Sensorimotor Network ◽  
Unilateral Cerebral Palsy ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTIn children with unilateral cerebral palsy (uCP), the corticospinal tract (CST) wiring patterns may differ (contralateral, ipsilateral or bilateral), partially determining motor deficits. However, the impact of such CST wiring on functional connectivity remains unknown. Here, we explored differences in functional connectivity of the resting-state sensorimotor network in 26 uCP with periventricular white matter lesions (mean age (SD): 12.87m (±4.5), CST wiring: 9 contralateral, 9 ipsilateral, 6 bilateral) compared to 60 healthy controls (mean age (SD): 14.54 (±4.8)), and between CST wiring patterns. Functional connectivity from each M1 to three bilateral sensorimotor regions of interest (primary sensory cortex, dorsal and ventral premotor cortex) and the supplementary motor area was compared between groups (healthy controls vs. uCP; and healthy controls vs. each CST wiring group). Results from the seed-to-voxel analyses from bilateral M1 were compared between groups. Additionally, relations with upper limb motor deficits were explored. Aberrant sensorimotor functional connectivity seemed to be CST-dependent rather than specific from all the uCP population: in the dominant hemisphere, the contralateral CST group showed increased connectivity between M1 and premotor cortices, whereas the bilateral CST group showed higher connectivity between M1 and somatosensory association areas. These results suggest that functional connectivity of the sensorimotor network is CST wiring-dependent, although the impact on upper limb function remains unclear.

scholarly journals Corticospinal Tract Wiring and Brain Lesion Characteristics in Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: Determinants of Upper Limb Motor and Sensory Function

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Simon-Martinez ◽  
Ellen Jaspers ◽  
Lisa Mailleux ◽  
Els Ortibus ◽  
Katrijn Klingels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Corticospinal Tract ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Lesion Location ◽  
Unilateral Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Sensory Functions

Brain lesion characteristics (timing, location, and extent) and the type of corticospinal tract (CST) wiring have been proposed as determinants of upper limb (UL) motor function in unilateral cerebral palsy (uCP), yet an investigation of the relative combined impact of these factors on both motor and sensory functions is still lacking. Here, we first investigated whether structural brain lesion characteristics could predict the underlying CST wiring and we explored the role of CST wiring and brain lesion characteristics to predict UL motor and sensory functions in uCP. Fifty-two participants with uCP (mean age (SD): 11 y and 3 m (3 y and 10 m)) underwent a single-pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation session to determine CST wiring between the motor cortex and the more affected hand (n=17 contralateral, n=19 ipsilateral, and n=16 bilateral) and an MRI to determine lesion timing (n=34 periventricular (PV) lesion, n=18 corticosubcortical (CSC) lesion), location, and extent. Lesion location and extent were evaluated with a semiquantitative scale. A standardized protocol included UL motor (grip strength, unimanual capacity, and bimanual performance) and sensory measures. A combination of lesion locations (damage to the PLIC and frontal lobe) significantly contributed to differentiate between the CST wiring groups, reclassifying the participants in their original group with 57% of accuracy. Motor and sensory functions were influenced by each of the investigated neurological factors. However, multiple regression analyses showed that motor function was predicted by the CST wiring (more preserved in individuals with contralateral CST (p<0.01)), lesion extent, and damage to the basal ganglia and thalamus. Sensory function was predicted by the combination of a large and later lesion and an ipsilateral or bilateral CST wiring, which led to increased sensory deficits (p<0.05). These novel insights contribute to a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of UL function and may be useful to delineate individualized treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Upper limb impairments, process skills, and outcome in children with unilateral cerebral palsy

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 1080-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remo N Russo ◽  
Pawel P Skuza ◽  
Myriam Sandelance ◽  
Peter Flett
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Process Skills ◽  
Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

scholarly journals Brain activation patterns underlying upper limb bilateral motor coordination in unilateral cerebral palsy: an fNIRS study

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina de Campos ◽  
Theresa Sukal‐Moulton ◽  
Theodore Huppert ◽  
Katharine Alter ◽  
Diane L Damiano
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

scholarly journals Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study of Motor Effect

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Inguaggiato ◽  
Nadia Bolognini ◽  
Simona Fiori ◽  
Giovanni Cioni
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Anodal Tdcs ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is an emerging tool to improve upper limb motor functions after stroke acquired in adulthood; however, there is a paucity of reports on its efficacy for upper limb motor rehabilitation in congenital or early-acquired stroke. In this pilot study we have explored, for the first time, the immediate effects, and their short-term persistence, of a single application of anodal tDCS on chronic upper limb motor disorders in children and young individuals with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy (UCP). To this aim, in a crossover sham-controlled study, eight subjects aged 10-28 years with UCP underwent two sessions of active and sham tDCS. Anodal tDCS (1.5 mA, 20 min) was delivered over the primary motor cortex (M1) of the ipsilesional hemisphere. Results showed, only following the active stimulation, an immediate improvement in unimanual gross motor dexterity of hemiplegic, but not of nonhemiplegic, hand in Box and Block test (BBT). Such improvement remained stable for at least 90 minutes. Performance of both hands in Hand Grip Strength test was not modified by anodal tDCS. Improvement in BBT was unrelated to participants’ age or lesion size, as revealed by MRI data analysis. No serious adverse effects occurred after tDCS; some mild and transient side effects (e.g., headache, tingling, and itchiness) were reported in a limited number of cases. This study provides an innovative contribution to scientific literature on the efficacy and safety of anodal tDCS in UCP. This trial is registered with NCT03137940.

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