scholarly journals Effect of Combined Interval and Continuous Exercise Training on Gastric Emptying, Appetite, and Adaptive Responses in Men With Overweight and Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katy M. Horner ◽  
Nuala M. Byrne ◽  
Neil A. King
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Continuous Exercise ◽  
Ad Libitum

Background/Objectives: Characterizing compensatory and adaptive responses to exercise assists in understanding changes in energy balance and health outcomes with exercise interventions. This study investigated the effects of a short-term exercise intervention (combining high intensity interval (HII) and continuous exercise) on (1) gastric emptying, appetite and energy intake; and (2) other adaptive responses including cardiorespiratory fitness, in inactive men with overweight/obesity.Methods: Fifteen men (BMI: 29.7 ± 3.3 kg/m−2) completed a 4-wk supervised exercise intervention, consisting of 5 exercise sessions per week alternating between HII (30 s at 100% VO2max followed by 30 s recovery) and continuous (at 50% VO2max) training on a cycle ergometer, progressing from 30 to 45 min session duration. Gastric emptying (13C-octanoic acid breath test), appetite (visual analog scale), energy intake (ad libitum lunch meal), body composition (air displacement plethysmography), non-exercise activity (accelerometery) VO2max, blood pressure, and fasting concentrations of glucose, insulin, and ghrelin were measured before and after (≥48 h) the intervention.Results: Gastric emptying, glucose, insulin and ghrelin were unchanged, but energy intake at the ad libitum lunch test meal significantly increased at post-intervention (+171 ± 116 kcal, p < 0.01). Body weight (−0.9 ± 1.1 kg), waist circumference (−2.3 ± 3.5 cm) and percent body fat (−0.9 ± 1.1%) were modestly reduced (P < 0.05). VO2max increased (+4.4 ± 2.1 ml.kg.min−1) by 13% and systolic (−6.2 ± 8.4 mmHg) and diastolic (−5.8 ± 2.2 mmHg) blood pressure were significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.01 for all).Conclusions: Four weeks of exercise training did not alter gastric emptying, indicating gastric emptying may only adapt to a higher volume/longer duration of exercise or changes in other characteristics associated with regular exercise. The combination of HII and continuous exercise training had beneficial effects on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and blood pressure and warrants further investigation in larger randomized controlled trials.

scholarly journals Alterations in energy balance from an exercise intervention with ad libitum food intake

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Melzer ◽  
Anne Renaud ◽  
Stefanie Zurbuchen ◽  
Céline Tschopp ◽  
Jan Lehmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Ad Libitum

AbstractBetter understanding is needed regarding the effects of exercise alone, without any imposed dietary regimens, as a single tool for body-weight regulation. Thus, we evaluated the effects of an 8-week increase in activity energy expenditure (AEE) on ad libitum energy intake (EI), body mass and composition in healthy participants with baseline physical activity levels (PAL) in line with international recommendations. Forty-six male adults (BMI = 19·7–29·3 kg/m2) participated in an intervention group, and ten (BMI = 21·0–28·4 kg/m2) in a control group. Anthropometric measures, cardiorespiratory fitness, EI, AEE and exercise intensity were recorded at baseline and during the 1st, 5th and 8th intervention weeks, and movement was recorded throughout. Body composition was measured at the beginning and at the end of the study, and resting energy expenditure was measured after the study. The intervention group increased PAL from 1·74 (se 0·03) to 1·93 (se 0·03) (P < 0·0001) and cardiorespiratory fitness from 41·4 (se 0·9) to 45·7 (se 1·1) ml O2/kg per min (P = 0·001) while decreasing body mass (−1·36 (se 0·2) kg; P = 0·001) through adipose tissue mass loss (ATM) (−1·61 (se 0·2) kg; P = 0·0001) compared with baseline. The control group did not show any significant changes in activity, body mass or ATM. EI was unchanged in both groups. The results indicate that in normal-weight and overweight men, increasing PAL from 1·7 to 1·9 while keeping EI ad libitum over an 8-week period produces a prolonged negative energy balance. Replication using a longer period (and/or more intense increase in PAL) is needed to investigate if and at what body composition the increase in AEE is met by an equivalent increase in EI.

scholarly journals Clinical Utility of miRNA-1, miRNA-29g and miRNA-133s Plasma Levels in Prostate Cancer Patients With High-Intensity Training After Androgen-Deprivation Therapy

2019 ◽  
pp. S139-S147
Author(s):  
A. GAZOVA ◽  
A. SAMAKOVA ◽  
E. LACZO ◽  
D. HAMAR ◽  
M. POLAKOVICOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Androgen Deprivation Therapy ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Androgen Deprivation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Impact

The randomized trials showed that the addition of training resistance program to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) had many beneficial effects for prostate cancer (PC) patients (significant protective effect on the volume of muscle mass) and the studies have revealed a panel of miRNAs, which are deregulate in PC and may serve as promising biomarkers of PC risk. The primary aim of our present study was to investigate the effect of exercise training to changes in body composition (muscle strength) and the secondary endpoint was to investigate the impact of an exercise training program on plasma levels of selected myogenic microRNAs (miRNAs) (miRNA-1, miRNA-29b, and miRNA-133) in PC patients undergoing the ADT. Effect of ADT and exercise intervention showed significant increase (experimental group vs. control group) the changes in body composition, free testosterone levels, IL-6 and plasma levels of myogenic miRNAs and significant reduced insulin serum levels. In conclusion, resistance training with ADT in the treatment of PC significantly changed the physical and metabolic function and the plasma levels of specific myogenic miRNAs. Our data support with the other publicized results.

Effects of an outdoor bicycle-based intervention in healthy rural Indian men with normal and low birth weight

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Madsen ◽  
P. Mogensen ◽  
N. Thomas ◽  
D. L. Christensen ◽  
I. C. Bygbjerg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Total Fat

Physical inactivity and low birth weight (LBW) may lead to an increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes. The extent to which LBW individuals may benefit from physical exercise training when compared with those with normal birth weight (NBW) controls is uncertain. We assessed the impact of an outdoor exercise intervention on body composition, insulin secretion and action in young men born with LBW and NBW in rural India. A total of 61 LBW and 56 NBW healthy young men were recruited into the study. The individuals were instructed to perform outdoor bicycle exercise training for 45 min every day. Fasting blood samples, intravenous glucose tolerance tests and bioimpedance body composition assessment were carried out. Physical activity was measured using combined accelerometry and heart rate monitoring during the first and the last week of the intervention. Following the exercise intervention, the LBW group displayed an increase in physical fitness [55.0 ml (O2)/kg min (52.0−58.0)−57.5 ml (O2)/kg min (54.4−60.5)] level and total fat-free mass [10.9% (8.0−13.4)−11.4% (8.0−14.6)], as well as a corresponding decline in the ratio of total fat mass/fat-free mass. In contrast, an increase in total fat percentage as well as total fat mass was observed in the NBW group. After intervention, fasting plasma insulin levels, homoeostasis model assessments (HOMA) of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and insulin secretion (HOMA-IS), improved to the same extent in both the groups. In summary, young men born with LBW in rural India benefit metabolically from exercise training to an extent comparable with NBW controls.

scholarly journals Effect of Obesity and Exercise Training on Plasma Amino Acids and Amino Metabolites in American Indian Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 3249-3261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin R Short ◽  
Jennifer Q Chadwick ◽  
April M Teague ◽  
Mary A Tullier ◽  
Lisa Wolbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Indian Adolescents ◽  
American Indian Adolescents

AbstractContextAmino acids (AAs) and their metabolites are altered with obesity and may be predictive of future diabetes in adults, but there are fewer studies on AAs, as well as conflicting findings on how they vary with obesity, in adolescents.ObjectiveTo determine whether plasma AAs vary with body composition and insulin sensitivity and are altered in response to exercise training.DesignCross-sectional, and an exercise intervention.SettingTribal wellness center.ParticipantsAmerican Indian boys and girls, 11 to 17 years of age with obesity (Ob, n = 58) or normal weight (NW, n = 36).InterventionThe Ob group completed 16 weeks of aerobic exercise training.Main Outcome MeasureA panel of 42 plasma AAs.ResultsCompared with the NW group, the Ob group had lower aerobic fitness and insulin sensitivity (interactive homeostasis model assessment 2), 17 AAs that were higher, and 7 AAs that were lower. Branched-chain AAs (+10% to 16%), aromatic AAs (+15% to 32%), and glutamate were among the higher AAs; all were positively correlated with body fat and negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity. The lysine metabolite 2-aminoadipic acid (2-AAA) and the valine metabolite β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) were 47% higher and 29% lower, respectively, in the Ob group, and were positively (2-AAA) and negatively (BAIBA) correlated with insulin sensitivity. Exercise training increased aerobic fitness by 10%, but body composition, insulin sensitivity, and AAs were not significantly changed.ConclusionsSeveral plasma AAs are altered in American Indian adolescents with obesity and are associated with insulin sensitivity, but they were not altered with this exercise intervention.

scholarly journals Association between Self-Reported Eating Rate, Energy Intake, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pey Sze Teo ◽  
Rob M. van Dam ◽  
Clare Whitton ◽  
Linda Wei Lin Tan ◽  
Ciarán G. Forde
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Eating Rate ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Increased Risk

Eating faster is associated with greater body mass index (BMI), but less is known about the relationships between eating rate, energy intake, body composition, and cardio-metabolic risk factors in different Asian ethnic groups. Using data from the Singapore Multi-Ethnic Cohort (n = 7011; 21–75 y), we investigated associations between self-reported eating rate (SRER), with energy intake, body composition, blood pressure, and blood lipids. SRER and lifestyle was assessed using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Multivariable models were used to examine the associations of SRER with energy intake, body composition, blood pressure, and blood lipids after adjusting for covariates. General and abdominal overweight were defined as BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 and waist circumference >90 cm (men) and > 80 cm (women), respectively. On average, faster eaters (vs. slower eaters) consumed 105 kcal/day more (p = 0.034), had ~5 kg higher body weight (p < 0.001), 1.3 kg/m2 higher BMI (p < 0.001), and 3.1 cm larger waist-circumference (p < 0.001). Faster eaters had significantly higher blood pressure, circulating triglycerides, and total-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio than slower eaters. Faster eaters were twice as likely to develop general (multivariable-OR: 2.2; 95% CI, 1.8–2.6; p < 0.001), and abdominal (OR: 1.8; 95% CI, 1.5–2.2; p < 0.001) overweight than slower eaters. This association was observed across all subgroups by age, sex, and ethnicity. Findings suggest that SRER is a robust behavioral marker for increased risk of higher energy intake, obesity, and poor cardio-metabolic health, and a modifiable behavioral risk-factor for obesity prevention.

scholarly journals Comparison of blood pressure across body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness zones determined in accordance with FITNESSGRAM® criterion-referenced standards

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
Gustavo Aires de Arruda ◽  
Diogo Henrique Constantino Coledam ◽  
João Greca ◽  
Marcio Teixeira ◽  
Raymundo Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Criterion Referenced

The influence of feeding level from 20 to 45 kg live weight on the performance and body composition of female and entire male pigs

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Campbell ◽  
M. R. Taverner ◽  
D. M. Curic
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACTForty-two pigs representing equal numbers of entire males and females were used to study the effects on the performance and body composition of four restricted levels of feeding (14·5, 20·3, 24·9 and 29·4 MJ digestible energy per day), and of offering the same diet (14·5 MJ digestible energy per kg and 210 g crude protein per kg) ad libitum between 20 and 45 kg live weight.Over the four restricted feeding treatments there were no significant differences between the sexes for the performance and body composition of four restricted levels of feeding (14·5, 20·3, 24·9 and 29·4 MJ digestible energy per day), and of offering the same diet (14·5 MJ digestible energy per kg and 210 g crude protein per kg) ad libitum between 20 and 45 kg live weight.Although ad libitum energy intake was the same for both sexes (34·2 MJ digestible energy per day), raising digestible energy intake from that provided by the highest restricted feeding treatment (29·4 MJ/day) to ad libitum resulted in marked differences between the sexes for performance and body composition.For males, raising digestible energy intake from 29·3 to 34·2 MJ/day improved the rate of live-weight gain and protein deposition by 0·15 and 0·10 respectively but had no further effect on food conversion ratio or body fat. The same increase in digestible energy intake for females improved growth rate by only 0·065, had no further effect on the rate of protein deposition but increased markedly food conversion ratio and body fat.

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